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Melatonin
Stimulus: darknessOrigin: pineal glandTarget: hypothalamus CNSEffects: establishes circadian rhythms, daily changes in body temp., hormone & enzyme levels; inhibits reproductive function, decreases at pubertyinhibits MSH TERM 2
ADH
DEFINITION 2 Stimulus: rise in blood solute concentration; dec BV, dec BP, angiotensin IIorigin: produced in hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitarytarget: kidney tubuleseffects: dec H2O lost at kidneys by increasing water reabsorption (makes the body hold onto water); leads to inc BV and inc BP and dec urine volumedisease: diabetes insepidusother: inhibited by ETOH; produced in hypothalamus but released from neurohypohpysis TERM 3
Oxytocin (OT)
DEFINITION 3 stimulus: neuroendocrine reflexorigin: paraventricular nucleitarget: smooth muscleeffects: stimulates smooth muscle contraction in wall of uterus promoting labor/delivery; milk letdownother info: conc. of OT rise during & in uterus & sexual arousal & peak at vagina promoting sperm transport; orgasm in both sexes- contraction in walls of ductus deferens/prostate TERM 4
thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH)
DEFINITION 4 stimulus: released in response to TRH from hypothalamus; regulatory hormonesorigin: anterior pituitarytarget: thyroid glandeffects: stimulates production/secretion of thyroid hormones TERM 5
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
DEFINITION 5 stimulus: reg. hormonesorigin: ant. pituitarytarget: adrenal cortexeffects: stimulates production/secretion of glucocorticoids by adrenal glandother info: as glucocorticoid levels increase the rates of CRH release ACTH release decline
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulus: GnRH from hypothalamusorigin: ant. pit.target: ovarian follicles, nurse cellseffects: stimulates ovarian changes, hormone, production, and egg/sperm developmentother: gonadotropin, estradiol- most important estrogen TERM 7
leutinizing hormone (LH)
DEFINITION 7 stimulus: GnRH from hypothalamusorigin: ant. pittarget: ovarian follicleeffects: triggers ovulation and CL development in females; hormone production in both male and femaleother: gonadotropin- estrogens, androgens, and progestins inhibit GnRH production TERM 8
prolactin (PRL)
DEFINITION 8 stimulus: reg. hormones; mammary glands & milk productionorigin: ant. pittarget: mammary glandeffects: stimulates mammary gland development & milk productionother: inhibitied by dopamine (PIH); "social binding"; does NOT stimulate milk letdown TERM 9
Growth hormone (GH)
DEFINITION 9 stimulus: reg hormone; stimulates release of somatomedins from liver cellsorigin: ant. pittarget: skeletal muscleeffects: stimulates tissue growth; accelerate protein synthesis and cell growth and divisiondiseases: pit. growth failure; gigatismother: stimulates adipocytes (TG-->FA--
ATP)stimulates live glucagon--> raises glucose TERM 10
melanocyte stimulating hormone
(MSH)
DEFINITION 10 stimulus: melanin, reg. hormones; produced during fetal developmentorigin: pars intermediatarget: pituitary glandeffects: stimulate melanin production by melanocytes in stratum germinativum of epidermisdiseases: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidismother: dopamine inhibits release of MSH; secreted during fetal development, early childhood, pregnancy, certain diseases
aldosterone
stimulus: drop in Na levels in blood, blood volume, BP, increase in K levels, angiotension IIorigin: zona glomerulosatarget: kidney, salivary glandseffects: stimulates conservation of Na ions & the elimination of K ions inc salt receptors' sensitivityother: secondary effect of Na ion retention in fluid retention TERM 17
Glucocorticoids (GCs)
DEFINITION 17 stimulus: ACTHorigin: zona fasciculatatarget: liver, adipose tissueeffects: speed up rate of glucose synthessis and glycogen formation, release of FAdisease: addison's disease, cushing's diseaseother: anti-inflammatory efects TERM 18
androgens
DEFINITION 18 stimulus: LHorigin: interstial cellstarget: most cellseffects: secondary sex characteristics; sperm maturation; protein synthesis in skeletal muscles; behaviorsdisease: hypogonadism, adrenogenital syndromeother: male sex hormones- testosterone TERM 19
glucagon
DEFINITION 19 stimulus: released in response to decreased blood glucose levels; low blood glucoseorigin: pancreas; alpha cellstarget: livereffects: mobilize energy reserves, reduce glucose use and inc blood glucose levels TERM 20
insulin
DEFINITION 20 stimulus: increased blood glucoseorigin: pancreas; beta cellstarget: most cellseffects: stimulates AA absorption and protein synthesis; stimulates TG formation in adipose tissuedisease: diabetes mellitusother: decrease blood glucose levels
erythropoietin (EPO)
stimulus: stimulates RBC production by bone marrow; secreted in response to low oxygen levels in kidneyorigin: kidneytarget: bone marroweffects: stimulates production of RBCother: peptide hormone (kidney hormone) TERM 22
renin
DEFINITION 22 stimulus: sympathetic stimulation or decreased BP; reduced renal blood floworigin: kidneytarget: angiotensinogeneffects: begins the angiotensin cascade
