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English Lessons: Talking About
Your Family
Talking About Your Family
Exercise 1
Mary and Peter are sharing news about their families.
Exercise 2
Mary is looking after her niece this afternoon. The baby is three months old. Kerry is older than Mary's brother. The baby was born without any problems. Kerry and the baby didn't stay for a long time at the hospital. Peter moved recently. Peter's parents are getting a divorce.
Exercise 3
The speaker's mother hasn't spoken to her brother for years. The speaker has never seen their uncle. The speaker's daughter has just had a baby, and the speaker now has a grandson. The speaker's wife has a brother and a sister. The speaker's brother-in-law, the speaker's wife's brother, just got married. The speaker's oldest brother was born five years before the speaker and was the first child in the family.
Exercise 4
This weekend, the speaker's parents have been married for 30 years. The speaker's sister-in-law, the speaker's brother's wife, is still at the hospital because she just had a baby. The speaker's family is growing, and the speaker and their partner are going to be parents in five months. The speaker wonders if the baby will look like their eldest son. The speaker's youngest brother, who is two years younger than the speaker, will look after the organization of the birthday party.
Vocabulary
to look after: to take responsibility for someone or something to get a divorce: to officially end a marriage
hospital: the place where sick or injured people receive medical and nursing care to argue: to disagree about something, to speak in an angry way to grow: to become bigger, to increase in size to remember: to bring back information to your mind, to think about something again granddaughter: the daughter of someone's child to move: to leave your home to go to a new home quite: a small amount birth: the action when a baby is born lovely: something or someone that is attractive and nice to think: to have an opinion on something, to believe something to be sure: certain, with no doubt or hesitation recently: not long ago, a short time in the past parent: the mother or father of a person to suffer: to experience something painful, bad or unpleasant, e.g. an illness cute: something pleasing to look at, pretty to live: to have a home somewhere home: the place where people live, a permanent residence, a house or apartment studio flat: an apartment with just one main room marriage: to officially become someone's wife or husband baby: very young child, infant sister-in-law: the wife of someone's brother or sister niece: daughter of someone's brother or sister youngest: last child born beautiful: something very pleasing to look at to look like: to have a similar appearance as something or someone
Test
The test includes various sentences using the vocabulary and grammar covered in the previous exercises.
Lesson 2
Exercise 1
Tony is asking Laura questions about herself. Laura doesn't like spiders.
Exercise 2
We use a question word as the subject to know who is doing the action. When we want to know about the receiver/object, we use "who did you help?". We don't use 'auxiliary verbs' if we ask about the subject.
Exercise 3
We put 'than' after the comparative adjective. In negative sentences, we put 'not' before the comparative adjective. For one-syllable adjectives ending in 'e', add 'r'. For two-syllable adjectives which don't end in 'y', add 'more' before the adjective. Repeat the last letter when adjectives end in one vowel
- one consonant. For adjectives ending in 'y', use 'happier'.
Exercise 4
Your phone is worse than mine. I am silly but my little brother is sillier. She is thinner than her sister. I am not slower than an old man! I am never later than my best friend. My new book is more interesting than my old one.
Grammar Rule - Form
Positive: Subject + verb + comparative adjective + than + object Negative: Subject + verb + not + comparative adjective + than + object
Exercise 5
Your boss is nicer than the old one, you were right. She is also less strict and more relaxed than the old one.
Exercise 6
Your colleagues all told me they feel happier because their shifts are shorter than in other cafes. Yes, I told you it was better than the other cafe.
Talking About Your Childhood
Lesson 1
Exercise 1
The man and woman are talking about their childhood memories. They are childhood friends.
Exercise 2
Before living in the countryside, the woman lived in a building in the middle of Liverpool. (True) Her family moved to the countryside because her grandfather was ill. (True)
Her grandfather lived very close to Liverpool. (False) The woman was really sad to live in the countryside. (False) As children, the man and the woman played together outside. (True) The woman's children also play outside a lot. (False) The woman was at school with her two neighbours. (True) The woman's favourite game was hide-and-seek. (True)
Exercise 3
Soon, she will move because her apartment is too small. She doesn't see her parents often because she lives far from her family. Come with us on holiday, we will have fun! We are going to visit a friend who just had a baby. He likes to hide in the cupboards. Don't walk next to the swimming pool; if you fall in, you don't know how to swim. He can't remember where he put his keys. There are always a lot of people in the middle of Vancouver.
Exercise 4
Odd one out: "We stayed in the countryside to live in the city." Since she was a child, she has found her grandfather. When the weather is nice, children play on their screens. Sarah lives far from a supermarket, it's very practical! Do you remember when we went to school together? Every Saturday, the children next door remember my children.
Exercise 5
We always played in the big field behind her house. We lived in the countryside, in a beautiful house near a forest. When I played hide-and-seek with my neighbours.
Vocabulary
building : A structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house, a block of flats. near : Close to something, not far from. to live : To stay in a permanent home somewhere. memory : When you remember a time in your life, your experiences. forest : An area of land with lots of trees. outside : Not inside a building, outdoors. neighbour : Someone who lives next to your home. to remember : To bring back information to mind, to recall something. field : An area of land where plants grow. to get on well with : To enjoy being with someone, to be friendly with someone. to hide : To go to a place you can't be seen or found. old : From another time in the past.
used more frequently in questions and negative statements for past situations or habits that are different now).
Example: - 'I didn't have much money when I was a student.' (but now I do).
- 'I went to lots of parties then.' (but now I don't).
Exercise 3
'Used to' is always followed by a verb, this is always the infinitive/base form. In negative statements, "not" comes after 'did'. The 'd' is removed from 'used to' when written with 'did' or 'didn't'. When replying to a 'used to' question we usually use a short answer like 'Yes, I did' or ' No I didn't'.
Exercise 4
I used to go to the cinema on Mondays. I used to be a student. I used to be a student. We did not use to eat in restaurants. I never used to wake up before 10am! Did you use to come here with your friends?
Grammar Rule: "Used to" Form
Summary - main verb = always base form - used = 'd' does NOT appear when did or didn't are in the same sentence.
Example - I used to go there all the time. - I didn't use to study very hard. (Negative statements) - Did you use to be a student?
Exercise 5
Jack: Did you use to study French at school? Anna: No, I didn't use to be very good at languages. Jack: But your Italian is great and you never used to study that at school. Anna: That's because I used to go to Milan quite often. Why was that? Anna: Didn't I tell you about Marco? I used to have an Italian boyfriend.
Lesson 3
Exercise 1
Tony gives Brigitte advice about eating. Tony is not working all weekend. (False) Brigitte wants Tony to drive. (False)
Exercise 2
Brigitte thinks women drive better than all men. (False) Tony is comparing how quickly Brigitte eats dinner with how quickly he eats dinner. Tony is comparing the safety of Brigitte's driving with how he drives. Brigitte compares how fast she drives with how fast Tony drives.
Grammar Rule: Adverbs
Meaning - Summary Adverbs are used to describe verbs. They describe HOW you do something.
Comparative and Superlative adverbs show change or describe how things are different: 1. Comparatives compare/show how two things are different.
- Superlatives compare/show how more than two things are different.
Example 1. She walks more slowly than before. 3. She walks the most slowly of the whole group. 4. They sing the most beautifully.
Tips and Tricks If what we are comparing is clear, we do not need to write it. "Walk more quickly."
Exercise 3
Comparative and superlative adverbs go after the verb they describe. If comparative adverbs have an object, they are always followed by 'than'. 'The' always comes before a superlative adverb. 'More' is used before two or more syllable regular comparative adverbs. 'And most' before two or more syllable regular superlative adverbs.
Exercise 4
she drives more quickly than me. he is the most careful pilot I know. he always arrives earlier than the boss. they break down more often than me. you sang that song better than the singer.
Grammar Rule: Adverbs Form
Summary - The adverb goes after the verb it describes. Subject + verb + adverb. - Comparative/superlative adverbs: We use 'than' after comparative adverbs. Subject + verb + comparative adverb + (than) + (object). Superlative adverbs always have 'the' before. Subject + verb + superlative adverb + (object).
Example - I speak English well, better than my mum. - We arrived earlier for class than the teacher. - She arrived later. - He dances more beautifully
Examples: 1. How often: every morning / day / week, once a day, twice a day, three / four / five times a day, sometimes / usually / never / always / all the time 2. When: today / tomorrow / tonight, now / soon / later / then (at that time), in 1991 / on the 24th of February / on New Year's Eve 3. Where: outside, inside, (over) here, (over) there, in Milan / the Himalayas, in the back of the car / under the chairs
Form and Summary
Adverbs: 1. Subject + verb + object + adverb 2. Subject + adverb + verb + object 3. Adverb + subject + verb + object / 4. Subject + verb + object + adverb 5. Subject + verb + object + adverb
Adverbial Phrases of Frequency (how often): - Usually go at the end of sentences, e.g., every day
Adverbs of Frequency: - Usually go before the verb, e.g., usually
Adverbs of Time (when): - Usually go at the beginning or the end of a sentence or clause.
Adverbs of Place (where): - Usually go after a verb or after the object of the sentence.
Tips and Tricks: 1. After 'every', do not use the plural form: John goes swimming every day.
Exercises
Exercise 3: Adverbs of place & time usually go after the object. Place goes before time. If an adverb of frequency is just one word (usually, sometimes, etc.), it goes before the verb. Adverbial phrases of frequency (more than one word) go after the object. In the phrase 'every + time expression', use the singular form of the word, e.g., week, hour, month.
Exercise 4: 1. I change my clothes twice a day. 2. I am getting a makeover tonight. 3. The woman who looks like you lives across the street. 4. She usually buys her fruit at the market. 5. My mum goes to the supermarket three times a week.
Exercise 5: Tony: Brigitte, I have started to swim every day. Brigitte: Wow. That's great. Do you swim before or after work?
Exercise 6: Well, Monday to Wednesday I swim before work, but Thursday and Friday I go afterwards, but I can only come twice a week.
Exercise 7: Brigitte: Ok. And after swimming, I go to the cafe upstairs. Tony: Sounds good. I will come tomorrow.
Expressing Your Feelings
Lesson 1
Exercise 1: The two people are talking about a recent wedding. They have a common interest in discussing the wedding.
Exercise 2: 1. The woman's little sister was the most emotional person during the ceremony. 2. The man got married ten years ago. 3. The woman doesn't want to get married yet.
Exercise 3: 1. My boyfriend and I want to get married. 2. When I hear this sad music, I always feel bad. 3. Did you go to their wedding? 4. The ceremony was really emotional! Everyone cried. 5. I'm looking for a place to have my birthday party. 6. I will never forget the birth of my daughter. 7. The different types of decorations go well together. 8. Frank is my best friend. He has known me since I was really young, and we understand each other perfectly! He is worried about getting married too quickly.
Exercise 4: 1. There were more than a thousand guests from all over the world: celebrities, sports stars, journalists, and of course relatives of the couple. 2. The wedding was held in a magnificent hotel in London. 3. Lea Mova looked simply lovely in her long white dress, and Tom Rock seemed very happy. 4. During the wedding ceremony, Tom and Lea said an emotional 'yes' to each other.
Exercise 5: 1. You tell a colleague about your wedding: "The ceremony was so romantic... All our guests seemed happy to be there." 2. Your friend and her boyfriend don't get along anymore. You say: "You don't look very happy together anymore... Do you still love each other?" 3. During your brother's wedding ceremony, you feel very emotional. "It's wonderful to see how happy the couple are and how much they love each other."
Vocabulary
castle: Very big and strong building from the past, with thick walls and towers, often where an important person lived. emotional: To feel a lot of emotions. relative: People connected by marriage or blood, e.g., aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. memory: Information we store or keep in our minds. to go: To move or travel to a place. to feel: To experience an emotion. area: A part of a place, town, or country. ceremony: An event to celebrate something. to want: To desire or need something or someone. place: An area, town, or building. to party: To celebrate. to get on: To enjoy someone's company, to be friendly with someone. boyfriend: A man that a person has a relationship with.
This wonderful woman gave all of her money to a charity. The guests sang and danced all evening. The bride and groom promise to love each other for life. His colleague always arrives at the office late.
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Describing a House
Vocabulary
door : A flat object that you use to open or close the entry of a building or room.
bathroom : A room in a house with a toilet, bath, shower and basin.
villa : A big and beautiful house.
mirror : A piece of glass that reflects the image in front of it.
fireplace : A place or object in a room where you can have a fire, especially in the winter, for heat.
bedroom : A room in a house where you sleep.
to move : To leave your home to go to a new home.
building : A large structure with a roof and walls, e.g. a house, factory or office block.
upstairs : A higher level of a building.
living room : A room in a house that is used for relaxing and where guests and visitors sit.
to think about : To consider, to imagine.
material : What something is made from.
garden : Green area at the side or at the back of a house where you can grow plants, fruits and vegetables.
floor : A level of a building. Also called a storey.
residential area : A part of a town with houses and apartments, the part where people live.
to design : To create the plans for something.
decor : The decorations and furnishings in a room.
glass : Hard transparent material used for windows.
downstairs : The lower level of a building.
to lead onto : To give access to something.
period : Something that belongs to a special time in the past.
quiet : With no noise or sound, silent.
lamp : An object that gives light.
balcony : A flat area outside the upper floor of a building, with a wall or railing to stop people falling to the ground, where someone can sit or stand.
very large : Something very big.
old-fashioned : Not modern, something from the past.
inside : The inner area, the interior. Opposite of outside.
dining room : A room in a house that you use for meals and eating.
landscape gardener : A person who draws and designs gardens. Also, landscape architect.
style : Way of doing something, something that is typical of a person, place or period.
modern : Something that is from our time, in fashion now.
wood : Hard material taken from trees or branches.
Test
Don't forget to lock the door of the house before you leave. You can't leave the bathroom until you take a shower! I dream of buying this beautiful villa, but it is too expensive. The bathroom mirror is really dirty, I have to clean it. During the winter, we have a fire in the fireplace. Her two daughters sleep in the same bedroom. She's about to move into a beautiful apartment. There are many new buildings on this street.
Exploring Household Spaces and Furnishings
Locating Personal Items
I left my phone in the bathroom upstairs. I was in my bed when I heard a noise downstairs in the living room.
Hosting Guests
Sarah welcomes her guests in the living room and offers them a drink.
The moon looks beautiful tonight. We need to go to the supermarket. Drink plenty of water is good advice. I studied maths at university. Tim Berners-Lee is from England.
Using 'a/an' and 'the'
She is a waitress. I had an orange for breakfast. I live in a house. I start work in an hour. He has a university degree. I need an umbrella. She lives in a European city. He is a professional footballer. Zara is a very good cook. The books are on the table in the corner. The moon is very bright tonight. I love romantic films! I want a book about the weather. Honesty is her best quality. Friendship is important to me.
Applying Article Rules
Yes, I chose the sporty girl. She is the girl who works in the supermarket. She is the assistant manager. She's the blonde girl with blue eyes. Friendship and also, I like men who want to travel the world.
Apartment Hunting
Meeting the Real Estate Agent
Stephany is showing an apartment to Mr. Smith. They have just met for the first time. To rent the apartment to Mr. Smith.
Touring the Apartment
They go inside and start the visit with the bedroom. Then they visit the living room and the kitchen. Then they go into the bathroom. In this room, Stephany shows the toilet that is behind the little wall.
Discussing the Details
Mr. Smith asks how much the rent is and when the apartment will be available. He learns that the apartment will be his if he decides right away. Mr. Smith tells Stephany that he thinks he will take it.
Apartment Features
The apartment is modern, built five years ago. The building is older, which Mr. Smith likes. The bedroom leads onto the balcony. The toilet is separated by a little wall in the bathroom. The flooring in the living room is parquet. The decision needs to be made quickly by Mr. Smith.
Vocabulary
electricity, to rent, available, access, living room, toilet, gas, tile, washing machine, nice to meet you, new, bathroom, floor, comfort, parquet, equipped, older, rent, kitchen, building, to change your mind, wall, modern, utility, to open onto, balcony, recent, to build
Apartment Rental Test
Our electricity bill has decreased since we started using energy-saving light bulbs. She is looking for a house to rent but she does not want to pay more than £600 per month. The house will be available in a month, after the old owners leave. One of the doors of the living room gives access to the garden. They were watching television in the living room while their mother prepared dinner. I need the toilet, I'll ask the waiter where it is. I bought an electric stove because when I cook on gas, I burn everything. As the kitchen tiles are dark, you can't see the marks on the floor. Because the washing machine is broken, we have been wearing dirty clothes. It's nice to meet you, Mrs Atkinson. Don't let the dog go on the new sofa, he will make it dirty. You can't leave the bathroom if you haven't had a shower! Every time my daughter prepares food, I have to clean the kitchen floor. For your comfort, choose a good mattress. He was running in socks on the parquet floor and he slipped. My brother had to buy an oven and a fridge because his kitchen wasn't well equipped. She loves older Renaissance furniture. Our rent goes up every year; it's time to move.
open a jam jar. These apples come from the tree in his garden. She puts finely cut basil leaves on the pasta. Don't add any sugar to the strawberries!
Exercise 5
Yes, but I will take 500 grams more today, because I have friends who are coming for dinner this evening. Yes, I picked them myself yesterday from my garden. Because they are from local farms.
Vocabulary
basil : A green leafy herb with a sweet smell that is used for flavour, especially in Mediterranean cooking. supermarket : A big shop that has almost all types of food, drinks, cleaning products and things you need for your home. organic : Something grown naturally, with no artificial chemicals, pesticides, fertilisers, etc. carrot : A long orange vegetable that grows underground. to pick : To take fruits or vegetables from the ground or a plant or tree. sweet : Something that has a lot of sugar. to taste : To experience the flavour of a food or liquid when eating or drinking. juicy : Something that has a lot of juice or liquid. delicious : Something that tastes or smells extremely nice. farm : Area of land to grow crops or keep animals. to come from : The origin of something, where it was made or picked. jar : Small glass container with a lid, used to store food. cauliflower : Big white vegetable that can be eaten cooked or raw. soup : Hot liquid food made with vegetables, meat or fish. spinach : A vegetable that has green leaves, it can be eaten cooked or raw.
Farmers and Local Produce
Farmer
A farmer is a person who has the job of growing plants for food or raising animals for meat or other products, such as wool from sheep.
Chives
Chives are a long, thin green herb used in cooking to provide a flavor similar to onion.
Local
Something that is local is close to home, not far away.
Pumpkin
A pumpkin is a large, round vegetable with an orange color.
Gram
A gram is a unit of mass, with the abbreviation symbol "g".
Plum
A plum is a small, round fruit that can be red, purple, or yellow in color. It has a thin skin and a pointed stone or pip in the middle.
Gherkin
A gherkin is a small cucumber that is often kept in vinegar.
Mushroom
A mushroom is the fruiting body of a fungus that usually grows in cool, damp places. Some types of mushrooms can be dangerous to eat.
Kilogram
A kilogram is a unit of mass, with the symbol "kg". It is also commonly abbreviated as "kilo(s)".
Nice
Something that is nice has a pleasant taste or smell.
Seasonal
Something that is seasonal is from this time of the year.
Examples and Evidence
Fresh tomato and basil pasta is a common dish. Organic products are often purchased for health reasons. Rabbits typically enjoy eating carrots, but some may not. Strawberries and raspberries are often picked from gardens. Ripe bananas can be too sweet for some people's tastes. Cooks may taste the soup before serving it to ensure it has enough flavor. Juicy fruits can be refreshing. Chocolate cake can be delicious, and people may have a second piece. Farms may raise cows, chickens, and pigs. Local products help support local farmers. Pumpkins can be used to make soup.
