Child Abuse and Neglect Laws: Definition, Consequences, and Penalties | Schemes and Mind Maps Law

National District Attorneys Association

National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse 1

Enhanced Penalties for Assault and Battery of a Child

Updated August 2009

Table of Contents:

ALABAMA.................................................................................................................................................... 6

ALA. CODE § 13A-6-130 (2009). Domestic violence in the first degree.................................................... 6

ALA. CODE § 13A-6-131 (2009). Domestic violence in the second degree............................................... 7

ALA. CODE § 13A-6-132 (2009). Domestic violence in the third degree ..................................................7

ALA. CODE § 26-15-3 (2009). Penalties..................................................................................................... 7

ALA. CODE § 26-15-3.1 (2009). Aggravated child abuse .......................................................................... 8

ALASKA........................................................................................................................................................ 8

ALASKA STAT. § 11.41.220 (2009). Assault in the third degree................................................................ 8

ALASKA STAT. § 11.41.280 (2009). Assault of an unborn child in the first degree................................. 10

ALASKA STAT. § 11.41.282 (2009). Assault of an unborn child in the second degree ............................ 10

ALASKA STAT. § 12.55.155 (2009). Factors in aggravation and mitigation............................................. 10

ALASKA STAT. § 12.55.125 (2009). Sentences of imprisonment for felonies.......................................... 17

ARIZONA.................................................................................................................................................... 24

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 8-201 (2008). Definitions......................................................................................... 24

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 13-705 (2008). Dangerous crimes against children; sentences; definitions.............. 28

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 13-1204 (2008). Aggravated assault; classification; definition................................ 33

ARIZ. REV. STAT. § 13-3623 (2008). Child or vulnerable adult abuse; emotional abuse; classification;

exceptions; definitions............................................................................................................................. 36

ARKANSAS ................................................................................................................................................ 38

ARK. CODE ANN. § 5-13-201 (2009). Battery in the first degree............................................................. 38

ARK. CODE ANN. § 5-13-202 (2009). Battery in the second degree ........................................................ 39

ARK. CODE ANN. § 5-27-205 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a minor in the first degree................ 41

ARK. CODE ANN. § 5-27-206 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a minor in the second degree ........... 41

ARK. CODE ANN. § 5-27-207 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a minor in the third degree............... 42

ARK. CODE ANN. § 5-27-221 (2009). Permitting abuse of a minor......................................................... 42

CALIFORNIA.............................................................................................................................................. 43

CAL. PENAL CODE § 273a (2009). Endangering child or causing or permitting child to suffer physical

pain, mental suffering, or injury; Conditions of probation ......................................................................43

CAL. PENAL CODE § 273ab (2009). Assault resulting in death of child under eight years of age............ 44

CAL. PENAL CODE § 273d (2009). Infliction of corporal punishment or injury on child resulting in

traumatic condition; Conditions of probation.......................................................................................... 44

COLORADO................................................................................................................................................ 45

COLO. REV. STAT. § 18-1.3-401 (2008). Felonies classified - presumptive penalties.............................. 45

COLO. REV. STAT. § 18-1.3-406 (2008). Mandatory sentences for violent crimes .................................. 56

COLO. REV. STAT. § 18-6-401 (2008). Child abuse................................................................................. 58

CONNECTICUT.......................................................................................................................................... 62

CONN. GEN. STAT. § 53a-59 (2008). Assault in the first degree: Class B felony: Nonsuspendable

sentences.................................................................................................................................................. 62

CONN. GEN. STAT. § 53-20 (2008). Cruelty to persons............................................................................ 63

CONN. GEN. STAT. § 53-21 (2008). Injury or risk of injury to, or impairing morals of, children. Sale of

children.................................................................................................................................................... 63

DELAWARE................................................................................................................................................ 64

DEL. CODE ANN. 11, § 612 (2009).Assault in the second degree; class D felony ...................................64

DEL. CODE ANN. 11, § 615 (2009). Assault by abuse or neglect; class B................................................ 65

DEL. CODE ANN. 11, § 1102 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a child; class E or G felony ............... 66

DEL. CODE ANN. 11 § 4205 (2009). Sentence for felonies...................................................................... 67

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA........................................................................................................................ 69

D.C. CODE § 22-1101 (2009). Definition and penalty [Formerly § 22-901]............................................ 69

D.C. CODE § 22-3611 (2009). Enhanced penalty for committing crime of violence against minors....... 70

FLORIDA..................................................................................................................................................... 70

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National District Attorneys Association

National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse

National District Attorneys Association

 - Updated August Enhanced Penalties for Assault and Battery of a Child

ALABAMA.................................................................................................................................................... Table of Contents:
- A LA. CODE § 13A-6-130 (2009). Domestic violence in the first degree....................................................
- A LA. CODE § 13A-6-131 (2009). Domestic violence in the second degree...............................................
- A LA. CODE § 13A-6-132 (2009). Domestic violence in the third degree
- A LA. CODE § 26-15-3 (2009). Penalties.....................................................................................................
- A LA. CODE § 26-15-3.1 (2009). Aggravated child abuse
ALASKA........................................................................................................................................................
- A LASKA S TAT. § 11.41.220 (2009). Assault in the third degree
- A LASKA S TAT. § 11.41.280 (2009). Assault of an unborn child in the first degree
- A LASKA S TAT. § 11.41.282 (2009). Assault of an unborn child in the second degree
- A LASKA S TAT. § 12.55.155 (2009). Factors in aggravation and mitigation.............................................
- A LASKA S TAT. § 12.55.125 (2009). Sentences of imprisonment for felonies..........................................
ARIZONA
- A RIZ. REV. S TAT. § 8-201 (2008). Definitions.........................................................................................
- A RIZ. REV. S TAT. § 13-705 (2008). Dangerous crimes against children; sentences; definitions..............
- A RIZ. REV. S TAT. § 13-1204 (2008). Aggravated assault; classification; definition................................
- exceptions; definitions A RIZ. REV. S TAT. § 13-3623 (2008). Child or vulnerable adult abuse; emotional abuse; classification;
ARKANSAS
- A RK. CODE A NN. § 5-13-201 (2009). Battery in the first degree
- A RK. CODE A NN. § 5-13-202 (2009). Battery in the second degree
- A RK. CODE A NN. § 5-27-205 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a minor in the first degree
- A RK. CODE A NN. § 5-27-206 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a minor in the second degree
- A RK. CODE A NN. § 5-27-207 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a minor in the third degree
- A RK. CODE A NN. § 5-27-221 (2009). Permitting abuse of a minor
CALIFORNIA..............................................................................................................................................
- pain, mental suffering, or injury; Conditions of probation CAL. P ENAL C ODE § 273a (2009). Endangering child or causing or permitting child to suffer physical
- CAL. P ENAL C ODE § 273ab (2009). Assault resulting in death of child under eight years of age............
- traumatic condition; Conditions of probation CAL. P ENAL C ODE § 273d (2009). Infliction of corporal punishment or injury on child resulting in
COLORADO................................................................................................................................................
- COLO. R EV. S TAT. § 18-1.3-401 (2008). Felonies classified - presumptive penalties..............................
- COLO. R EV. S TAT. § 18-1.3-406 (2008). Mandatory sentences for violent crimes
- COLO. R EV. S TAT. § 18-6-401 (2008). Child abuse
CONNECTICUT..........................................................................................................................................
- sentences.................................................................................................................................................. CONN G EN. S TAT. § 53a-59 (2008). Assault in the first degree: Class B felony: Nonsuspendable
- CONN G EN. S TAT. § 53-20 (2008). Cruelty to persons............................................................................
- children CONN G EN. S TAT. § 53-21 (2008). Injury or risk of injury to, or impairing morals of, children. Sale of
DELAWARE................................................................................................................................................
- D EL. CODE A NN 11, § 612 (2009).Assault in the second degree; class D felony
- D EL. CODE A NN 11, § 615 (2009). Assault by abuse or neglect; class B................................................
- D EL. CODE A NN 11, § 1102 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a child; class E or G felony
- D EL. CODE A NN 11 § 4205 (2009). Sentence for felonies
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA........................................................................................................................
- D.C. CODE § 22-1101 (2009). Definition and penalty [Formerly § 22-901]............................................
- D.C. CODE § 22-3611 (2009). Enhanced penalty for committing crime of violence against minors.......
FLORIDA.....................................................................................................................................................
- F LA. S TAT. § 784.045 (2009). Aggravated battery................................................................................... National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse
- fluids or materials F LA. S TAT. § 784.085 (2009). Battery of child by throwing, tossing, projecting, or expelling certain
- F LA. S TAT. § 827.03 (2009). Abuse, aggravated abuse, and neglect of a child; penalties
GEORGIA
- G A. CODE A NN § 16-5-21 (2009). Aggravated assault
- G A. CODE A NN § 16-5-23.1 (2009). Battery
- G A. CODE A NN § 16-5-24 (2009). Aggravated battery
- G A. CODE A NN § 16-5-28 (2009). Assault on an unborn child...............................................................
- G A. CODE A NN § 16-5-29 (2009). Battery of an unborn child................................................................
- G A. CODE A NN § 16-5-70 (2009). Cruelty to children............................................................................
HAWAII.......................................................................................................................................................
- H AW. REV. S TAT. § 709-903.5 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a minor in the first degree
- H AW. REV. S TAT. § 709-904 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a minor in the second degree
- H AW. REV. S TAT. § 709-906 (2009). Abuse of family or household members; penalty..........................
IDAHO
- I DAHO CODE A NN § 18-907 (2009). Aggravated battery defined
- I DAHO CODE A NN § 18-908 (2009). Aggravated battery -- Punishment.................................................
- I DAHO CODE A NN § 18-909 (2009). Assault with intent to commit a serious felony defined
- I DAHO CODE A NN § 18-910 (2009). Assault with the intent to commit a serious felony -- Punishment
- I DAHO CODE A NN § 18-911 (2009). Battery with the intent to commit a serious felony defined...........
- I DAHO CODE A NN § 18-912 (2009). Battery with the intent to commit a serious felony -- Punishment
- I DAHO CODE A NN § 18-1501 (2009). Injury to children.........................................................................
- -- Penalty I DAHO CODE A NN § 18-1508A (2009). Sexual battery of a minor child sixteen or seventeen years of age
ILLINOIS
- 720 I LL. COMP S TAT. 5/12-3.1 (2009). Battery of an Unborn Child.......................................................
- 720 I LL. COMP S TAT. 5/12-4.3 (2009). Aggravated battery of a child
- 720 I LL. COMP S TAT. 5/12-4.4 (2009). Aggravated battery of an unborn child......................................
- 730 I LL. COMP S TAT. 5/5-4.5-25 (2009). Class X Felonies; Sentence
- 730 I LL. COMP S TAT. 5/5-4.5-35 (2009). Class 2 Felonies; Sentence.....................................................
- 730 I LL. COMP S TAT. 5/5-4.5-40 (2009). Class 3 Felonies; Sentence.....................................................
INDIANA.....................................................................................................................................................
- I ND CODE § 35-42-2-1 (2009). Battery
- I ND CODE § 35-42-2-1.5 (2009). Aggravated battery
- I ND CODE § 35-50-2-4 (2009). Class A felony
- I ND CODE § 35-50-2-5 (2009). Class B felony
- I ND CODE § 35-50-2-6 (2009). Class C felony
- I ND CODE § 35-50-2-7 (2009). Class D felony
IOWA
- I OWA C ODE § 726.6 (2008). Child endangerment
- I OWA C ODE § 902.9 (2008). Maximum sentence for felons
KANSAS......................................................................................................................................................
- K AN S TAT. A NN § 21-3608 (2008). Endangering a child.......................................................................
- K AN S TAT. A NN § 21-3608a (2008). Aggravated endangering a child..................................................
- K AN S TAT. A NN § 21-3609 (2008). Abuse of a child
KENTUCKY
- K Y. REV. S TAT A NN § 508.100 (2009). Criminal abuse in the first degree
- K Y. REV. S TAT A NN § 508.110 (2009). Criminal abuse in the second degree.......................................
- K Y. REV. S TAT A NN § 508.120 (2009). Criminal abuse in the third degree
- K Y. REV. S TAT A NN § 532.020 (2009). Designation of offenses...........................................................
LOUISIANA
- LA. REV. S TAT A NN 14:93 (2009). Cruelty to juveniles
- LA. REV. S TAT A NN 14:93.2.3 (2009). Second degree cruelty to juveniles
MAINE.......................................................................................................................................................
- ME. REV. S TAT A NN tit. 17-A, § 207 (2009). Assault.......................................................................... National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse
- ME. REV. S TAT A NN tit. 17-A, § 208-C (2009). Elevated aggravated assault on pregnant person
- ME. REV. S TAT A NN tit, 17-A, § 554 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a child...............................
- ME. REV. S TAT A NN tit. 17-A, § 1252 (2009). Imprisonment for crimes other than murder...............
MARYLAND.............................................................................................................................................
- MD. CODE A NN., CRIM. LAW § 3-601 (2009). Child abuse
MASSACHUSETTS
- MASS G EN. L AWS ch. 265, § 13A (2009). Assault and Assault and Battery.........................................
- MASS G EN. L AWS ch. 265, § 13B (2009). Indecent Assault and Battery on Child Under Fourteen
- Aggravating Factors............................................................................................................................... MASS G EN. L AWS ch. 265, § 13B1/2 (2009). Indecent Assault and Battery on Child Under Fourteen --
- Penalty MASS G EN. L AWS ch. 265, § 13J (2009). Assault and Battery upon Child Causing Bodily Injury;
- MASS G EN. L AWS ch. 265, § 13L (2009). Reckless Endangerment of Children...................................
MICHIGAN................................................................................................................................................
- MICH. COMP LAWS § 750.136b (2009). Definitions; child abuse
- child to emergency service provider; applicability of subsection (1); definitions MICH. COMP LAWS § 750.135 (2009). Children; exposing with intent to injure or abandon; surrender of
MINNESOTA
- MINN S TAT. § 609.11 (2008). Minimum sentences of imprisonment...................................................
- MINN S TAT. § 609.223 (2008). Assault in the third degree
- MINN S TAT. § 609.377 (2008). Malicious punishment of a child
- MINN S TAT. § 609.378 (2008). Neglect or endangerment of child
MISSISSIPPI..............................................................................................................................................
- MISS CODE A NN § 97-3-95 (2008). Sexual battery..............................................................................
- abuse and/or battery of a child............................................................................................................... MISS CODE A NN § 97-5-39 (2008). Contributing to the neglect or delinquency of a child; felonious
- MISS CODE A NN § 97-5-40 (2008). Condoning child abuse
MISSOURI.................................................................................................................................................
- MO. REV. S TAT. § 556.061 (2009). Code definitions.............................................................................
- MO. REV. S TAT. § 558.011 (2009). Sentence of imprisonment, terms -- conditional release
- MO. REV. S TAT. § 568.045 (2009). Endangering the welfare of a child in the first degree, penalties
- MO. REV. S TAT. § 568.060 (2009). Abuse of a child, penalty
MONTANA................................................................................................................................................
- MONT. C ODE A NN § 45-5-212 (2007). Assault on minor
NEBRASKA
- eligibility for probation.......................................................................................................................... N EB REV. S TAT. § 28-105 (2009). Felonies; classification of penalties; sentences; where served;
- N EB REV. S TAT. § 28-707 (2009). Child abuse; privileges not available; penalties
- N EB REV. S TAT. § 28-319.01 (2009). Sexual assault of a child; first degree; penalty
- N EB REV. S TAT. § 28-320.01 (2009). Sexual assault of a child; second or third degree; penalties
NEVADA
- N EV. REV. S TAT. § 193.130 (2009). Categories and punishment of felonies.........................................
- N EV. REV. S TAT. § 200.400 (2009). Definition; penalty........................................................................
- N EV. REV. S TAT. § 200.508 (2009). Abuse, neglect or endangerment of child: Penalties; definitions..
NEW HAMPSHIRE...................................................................................................................................
- N.H. REV. S TAT. A NN § 631:1 (2009). First Degree Assault
- N.H. REV. S TAT. A NN § 631:2 (2009). Second Degree Assault............................................................
- N.H. REV. S TAT. A NN § 639:3 (2009). Endangering Welfare of Child or Incompetent
- N.H. REV. S TAT. A NN § 625:9(III) (2009). Classification of Crimes....................................................
- N.H. REV. S TAT. A NN § 651:2 (2009). Sentences and Limitations.......................................................
NEW JERSEY............................................................................................................................................ National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse
- N.J. REV. S TAT § 9:6-1 (2009). Abuse, abandonment, cruelty and neglect of child; what constitutes
- N.J. REV. S TAT § 9:6-8.9 (2009). "Abused child" defined....................................................................
NEW MEXICO
- N.M. S TAT. ANN § 30-6-1 (2008). Abandonment or abuse of a child
- fines; parole authority; meritorious deductions N.M. S TAT. ANN § 31-18-15 (2008). Sentencing authority; noncapital felonies; basic sentences and
NEW YORK...............................................................................................................................................
- N.Y. P ENAL L AW § 70.00 (2009). Sentence of imprisonment for felony...............................................
- N.Y. P ENAL L AW § 120.02 (2009). Reckless assault of a child
- N.Y. P ENAL L AW § 120.05 (2009). Assault in the second degree..........................................................
- N.Y. P ENAL L AW § 120.12 (2009). Aggravated assault upon a person less than eleven years old........
NORTH CAROLINA.................................................................................................................................
- punishments N.C. G EN. S TAT. § 14-33 (2009). Misdemeanor assaults, batteries, and affrays, simple and aggravated;
- misdemeanors N.C. G EN. S TAT. § 15A-1340.20 (2009). Procedure and incidents of sentence of imprisonment for
- N.C. G EN. S TAT. § 15A-1340.16 (2009). Aggravated and mitigated sentences.....................................
NORTH DAKOTA
- N.D. CENT. CODE § 12.1-17-01.1 (2009). Assault.................................................................................
- N.D. CENT. CODE § 12.1-17-02 (2009). Aggravated assault
- N.D. CENT. CODE § 12.1-32-09.1 (2009). Sentencing of violent offenders...........................................
- N.D. CENT. CODE § 12.1-32-01 (2009). Classification of offenses – Penalties
OHIO..........................................................................................................................................................
- O HIO REV. CODE A NN § 2903.11 (2009). Felonious assault.................................................................
- O HIO REV. CODE A NN § 2903.12 (2009). Aggravated assault
- O HIO REV. CODE A NN § 2903.15 (2009). Permitting child abuse.........................................................
- O HIO REV. CODE A NN § 2919.22 (2009). Endangering children
- O HIO REV. CODE A NN § 2929.12 (2009). Seriousness and recidivism factors
- O HIO REV. CODE A NN § 2929.14(A) (2009). Basic prison terms
OKLAHOMA.............................................................................................................................................
- O KLA. S TAT. tit. 21, § 644 (2009). Assault -- Assault and battery -- Domestic abuse...........................
- abuse--Good faith reliance on spiritual healing--Penalties O KLA. S TAT. tit. 21, § 852.1 (2009). Child endangerment--Knowingly permitting physical or sexual
OREGON
- O R REV. S TAT § 161.605 (2007). Maximum prison terms for felonies
- O R REV. S TAT § 163.165 (2007). Assault in the third degree
- O R REV. S TAT § 163.185 (2007). Assault in the first degree
PENNSYLVANIA
- 18 P A. CONS S TAT. A NN § 106 (2009). Classes of offenses.................................................................
- 18 P A. CONS S TAT. A NN § 2701 (2009). Simple assault......................................................................
- 18 P A. CONS S TAT. A NN § 4304 (2009). Endangering welfare of children
RHODE ISLAND.......................................................................................................................................
- causing serious bodily injury R.I. G EN. LAWS § 11-5-14.2 (2009). Battery by an adult upon child ten (10) years of age or younger
SOUTH CAROLINA
- S.C. CODE A NN. § 16-1-60 (2008). Violent crimes defined...................................................................
- S.C. CODE A NN. § 16-3-85 (2008). Homicide by child abuse; definitions; penalty; sentencing
- penalty; definition; corporal punishment and traffic accident exceptions S.C. CODE A NN. § 16-3-95 (2008). Infliction or allowing infliction of great bodily injury upon a child;
- crime S.C. CODE A NN. § 16-3-1083 (2008). Death or injury of child in utero due to commission of violent
- S.C. CODE A NN. § 63-5-80 (2008). Cruelty to children.........................................................................
SOUTH DAKOTA.....................................................................................................................................
- S.D. CODIFIED LAWS § 22-6-1 (2009). Felonies -- Classification -- Penalties.......................................
- S.D. CODIFIED LAWS § 22-18-1.1 (2009). Aggravated assault -- Penalty.............................................. National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse
- S.D. CODIFIED LAWS § 26-10-1 (2009). Abuse of or cruelty to minor as felony -- Defense to charge..
TENNESSEE..............................................................................................................................................
- TENN. CODE A NN § 39-13-102 (2009). Aggravated assault..................................................................
- TENN. CODE A NN § 39-15-401 (2009). Child abuse and child neglect or endangerment
- endangerment......................................................................................................................................... TENN. CODE A NN § 39-15-402 (2009). Aggravated child abuse and aggravated child neglect or
- TENN. CODE A NN § 40-35-114 (2009). Enhancement factors
- misdemeanors TENN. CODE A NN § 40-35-111 (2009). Authorized terms of imprisonment and fines for felonies and
TEXAS
- TEX. P ENAL C ODE A NN § 12.34 (2009). Third Degree Felony Punishment
- TEX. P ENAL C ODE A NN § 22.04 (2009). Injury to a Child, Elderly Individual, or Disabled Individual
UTAH.........................................................................................................................................................
- U TAH CODE A NN § 76-3-203 (2009). Felony conviction -- Indeterminate term of imprisonment
- U TAH CODE A NN § 76-3-204 (2009). Misdemeanor conviction -- Term of imprisonment
- U TAH CODE A NN § 76-5-109 (2009). Child abuse -- Child abandonment............................................
VERMONT
- V T. S TAT. A NN tit. 13 § 1304 (2009). Cruelty to children under ten by one over sixteen
VIRGINIA..................................................................................................................................................
- V A. CODE A NN § 18.2-10 (2009). Punishment for conviction of felony; penalty................................
- V A. CODE A NN § 18.2-371.1 (2009). Abuse and neglect of children; penalty; abandoned infant
WASHINGTON.........................................................................................................................................
- W ASH REV. CODE § 9A.36.120 (2009). Assault of a child in the first degree
- Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.36.130 (2009). Assault of a child in the second degree....................................
- W ASH REV. CODE § 9A.36.140 (2009). Assault of a child in the third degree
- W ASH REV. CODE § 9.94A.540 (2009). Mandatory minimum terms
WEST VIRGINIA
- injury; criminal penalties. W. V A. CODE § 61-8D-3 (2009). Child abuse resulting in injury; child abuse or neglect creating risk of
WISCONSIN..............................................................................................................................................
- W ISC. S TAT. § 948.03 (2008). Physical abuse of a child.......................................................................
- W ISC. S TAT. § 973.01 (2008). Bifurcated sentence of imprisonment and extended supervision...........
WYOMING................................................................................................................................................
- W YO S TAT. ANN § 6-2-503 (2009). Child abuse; penalty.
American Samoa
- A M. S AMOA C ODE A NN § 46.1906 (2007) Classification of offenses.
- A M. S AMOA C ODE A NN § 46.1907 (2007) Classification of offenses outside this title.........................
- A M. S AMOA C ODE A NN § 46.3810 (2007) Endangering the welfare of a child.
- A M. S AMOA C ODE A NN § 46.3811 (2007) Abuse of a child.
- domestic or family violence................................................................................................................... A M. S AMOA C ODE A NN § 47.0404 (2007) Enhance of penalty for second or subsequent crime involving
Guam
- G UAM CODE A NN tit 9, § 80.31 (2008). Prison Terms for First Offenders...........................................
- G UAM CODE A NN tit 9, § 80.32 (2008). Extended Terms Allowed.
- G UAM CODE A NN tit 9, § 80.42 (2008). Extended Term by Petition of Department of Corrections.
Puerto Rico
- P.R. LAWS A NN. tit. 33, § 3284 (2006) Determination of penalties.......................................................
- P.R. LAWS A NN. tit.33, § 4032 (2006). Aggravated battery
Virgin Islands
- V.I. CODE A NN. tit. 14, § 298 (2008) Aggravated assault and battery...................................................
- V.I. CODE A NN. tit. 14, § 505 (2008). Child abuse
- V.I. CODE A NN. tit. 14, § 506 (2008). Aggravated child abuse and neglect

National District Attorneys Association

National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse

ALA. CODE § 13A-6-131 (2009). Domestic violence in the second degree

(a) A person commits the crime of domestic violence in the second degree if the person

commits the crime of assault in the second degree pursuant to Section 13A-6-21, and the

victim is a current or former spouse, parent, child, any person with whom the defendant

has a child in common, a present or former household member, or a person who has or

had a dating or engagement relationship with the defendant. Domestic violence in the

second degree is a Class B felony, except the defendant shall serve a minimum term of

imprisonment of six months without consideration of probation, parole, good time

credits, or any reduction in time for any second or subsequent conviction under this

subsection.

(b) The minimum term of imprisonment imposed under subsection (a) shall be double

without consideration of probation, parole, good time credits, or any reduction in time if a

defendant willfully violates a protection order issued by a court of competent jurisdiction

and in the process of violating the order commits domestic violence in the second degree.

ALA. CODE § 13A-6-132 (2009). Domestic violence in the third degree

(a) A person commits domestic violence in the third degree if the person commits the

crime of assault in the third degree pursuant to Section 13A-6-22; the crime of menacing

pursuant to Section 13A-6-23; the crime of reckless endangerment pursuant to Section

13A-6-24; the crime of criminal coercion pursuant to Section 13A-6-25; or the crime of

harassment pursuant to subsection (a) of Section 13A-11-8; and the victim is a current or

former spouse, parent, child, any person with whom the defendant has a child in

common, a present or former household member, or a person who has or had a dating or

engagement relationship with the defendant. Domestic violence in the third degree is a

Class A misdemeanor, except the defendant shall serve a minimum term of imprisonment

of 48 hours in a city or county jail or detention facility without consideration of reduction

in time for any second or subsequent conviction under this subsection.

(b) The minimum term of imprisonment imposed under subsection (a) shall be double

without consideration of reduction in time if a defendant willfully violates a protection

order issued by a court of competent jurisdiction and in the process of violating the order

commits domestic violence in the third degree.

ALA. CODE § 26-15-3 (2009). Penalties

A responsible person, as defined in Section 26-15-2, who shall torture, willfully abuse,

cruelly beat or otherwise willfully maltreat any child under the age of 18 years shall, on

conviction, be guilty of a Class C felony.

National District Attorneys Association

National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse

ALA. CODE § 26-15-3.1 (2009). Aggravated child abuse

(a) A responsible person, as defined in Section 26-15-2, commits the crime of aggravated

child abuse if he or she does any of the following:

(1) He or she violates the provisions of Section 26-15-3 by acts taking place on more

than one occasion.

(2) He or she violates Section 26-15-3 and in so doing also violates a court order

concerning the parties or injunction.

(3) He or she violates the provisions of Section 26-15-3 which causes serious physical

injury, as defined in Section 13A-1-2, to the child.

(b) The crime of aggravated child abuse is a Class B felony.

ALASKA

ALASKA S TAT. § 11.41.220 (2009). Assault in the third degree

(a) A person commits the crime of assault in the third degree if that person

(1) recklessly

(A) places another person in fear of imminent serious physical injury by means of a

dangerous instrument;

(B) causes physical injury to another person by means of a dangerous instrument; or

(C) while being 18 years of age or older

(i) causes physical injury to a child under 10 years of age and the injury would

cause a reasonable caregiver to seek medical attention from a health care professional in

the form of diagnosis or treatment;

(ii) causes physical injury to a child under 10 years of age on more than one

occasion;

(2) with intent to place another person in fear of death or serious physical injury to the

person or the person's family member makes repeated threats to cause death or serious

physical injury to another person;

(3) while being 18 years of age or older, knowingly causes physical injury to a child

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ALASKA S TAT. § 11.41.280 (2009). Assault of an unborn child in the first

degree

(a) A person commits the crime of assault of an unborn child in the first degree if

(1) that person recklessly causes serious physical injury to an unborn child by means of

a dangerous instrument;

(2) with intent to cause serious physical injury to an unborn child or to another person,

that person causes serious physical injury to an unborn child;

(3) that person knowingly engages in conduct that results in serious physical injury to

an unborn child under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of

human life; for purposes of this paragraph, a pregnant woman's decision to remain in a

relationship in which domestic violence, as defined in AS 18.66.990, has occurred does

not constitute conduct manifesting an extreme indifference to the value of human life; or

(4) that person recklessly causes serious physical injury to an unborn child by repeated

assaults using a dangerous instrument, even if each assault individually does not cause

serious physical injury.

(b) Assault of an unborn child in the first degree is a class A felony.

ALASKA S TAT. § 11.41.282 (2009). Assault of an unborn child in the

second degree

(a) A person commits the crime of assault of an unborn child in the second degree if

(1) with intent to cause physical injury to an unborn child or to another person, that

person causes serious physical injury to an unborn child;

(2) that person recklessly causes serious physical injury to an unborn child; or

(3) that person recklessly causes serious physical injury to an unborn child by repeated

assaults, even if each assault individually does not cause serious physical injury.

(b) Assault of an unborn child in the second degree is a class B felony.

ALASKA S TAT. § 12.55.155 (2009). Factors in aggravation and mitigation

(a) Except as provided in (e) of this section, if a defendant is convicted of an offense and

is subject to sentencing under AS 12.55.125(c), (d), (e), or (i) and

(1) the low end of the presumptive range is four years or less, the court may impose any

sentence below the presumptive range for factors in mitigation or may increase the active

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term of imprisonment up to the maximum term of imprisonment for factors in

aggravation;

(2) the low end of the presumptive range is more than four years, the court may impose

a sentence below the presumptive range as long as the active term of imprisonment is not

less than 50 percent of the low end of the presumptive range for factors in mitigation or

may increase the active term of imprisonment up to the maximum term of imprisonment

for factors in aggravation.

(b) Sentences under this section that are outside of the presumptive ranges set out in AS

12.55.125 shall be based on the totality of the aggravating and mitigating factors set out

in (c) and (d) of this section.

(c) The following factors shall be considered by the sentencing court if proven in

accordance with this section, and may allow imposition of a sentence above the

presumptive range set out in AS 12.55.125:

(1) a person, other than an accomplice, sustained physical injury as a direct result of the

defendant's conduct;

(2) the defendant's conduct during the commission of the offense manifested deliberate

cruelty to another person;

(3) the defendant was the leader of a group of three or more persons who participated in

the offense;

(4) the defendant employed a dangerous instrument in furtherance of the offense;

(5) the defendant knew or reasonably should have known that the victim of the offense

was particularly vulnerable or incapable of resistance due to advanced age, disability, ill

health, homelessness, or extreme youth or was for any other reason substantially

incapable of exercising normal physical or mental powers of resistance;

(6) the defendant's conduct created a risk of imminent physical injury to three or more

persons, other than accomplices;

(7) a prior felony conviction considered for the purpose of invoking a presumptive

range under this chapter was of a more serious class of offense than the present offense;

(8) the defendant's prior criminal history includes conduct involving aggravated

assaultive behavior or repeated instances of assaultive behavior; in this paragraph,

"aggravated assaultive behavior" means assault that is a felony under AS 11.41, or a

similar provision in another jurisdiction;

(9) the defendant knew that the offense involved more than one victim;

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(20) the defendant was on furlough under AS 33.30 or on parole or probation for

another felony charge or conviction that would be considered a prior felony conviction

under AS 12.55.145(a)(1)(B);

(21) the defendant has a criminal history of repeated instances of conduct violative of

criminal laws, whether punishable as felonies or misdemeanors, similar in nature to the

offense for which the defendant is being sentenced under this section;

(22) the defendant knowingly directed the conduct constituting the offense at a victim

because of that person's race, sex, color, creed, physical or mental disability, ancestry, or

national origin;

(23) the defendant is convicted of an offense specified in AS 11.71 and

(A) the offense involved the delivery of a controlled substance under circumstances

manifesting an intent to distribute the substance as part of a commercial enterprise; or

(B) at the time of the conduct resulting in the conviction, the defendant was caring for

or assisting in the care of a child under 10 years of age;

(24) the defendant is convicted of an offense specified in AS 11.71 and the offense

involved the transportation of controlled substances into the state;

(25) the defendant is convicted of an offense specified in AS 11.71 and the offense

involved large quantities of a controlled substance;

(26) the defendant is convicted of an offense specified in AS 11.71 and the offense

involved the distribution of a controlled substance that had been adulterated with a toxic

substance;

(27) the defendant, being 18 years of age or older,

(A) is legally accountable under AS 11.16.110(2) for the conduct of a person who, at

the time the offense was committed, was under 18 years of age and at least three years

younger than the defendant; or

(B) is aided or abetted in planning or committing the offense by a person who, at the

time the offense was committed, was under 18 years of age and at least three years

younger than the defendant;

(28) the victim of the offense is a person who provided testimony or evidence related to

a prior offense committed by the defendant;

(29) the defendant committed the offense for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in

association with a criminal street gang;

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(30) the defendant is convicted of an offense specified in AS 11.41.410 -- 11.41.455,

and the defendant knowingly supplied alcohol or a controlled substance to the victim in

furtherance of the offense with the intent to make the victim incapacitated; in this

paragraph, "incapacitated" has the meaning given in AS 11.41.470;

(31) the defendant's prior criminal history includes convictions for five or more crimes

in this or another jurisdiction that are class A misdemeanors under the law of this state, or

having elements similar to a class A misdemeanor; two or more convictions arising out of

a single continuous episode are considered a single conviction; however, an offense is not

a part of a continuous episode if committed while attempting to escape or resist arrest or

if it is an assault upon a uniformed or otherwise clearly identified peace officer; notice

and denial of convictions are governed by AS 12.55.145(b), (c), and (d);

(32) the offense is a violation of AS 11.41 or AS 11.46.400 and the offense occurred

on school grounds, on a school bus, at a school-sponsored event, or in the administrative

offices of a school district if students are educated at that office; in this paragraph,

(A) "school bus" has the meaning given in AS 11.71.900;

(B) "school district" has the meaning given in AS 47.07.063;

(C) "school grounds" has the meaning given in AS 11.71.900;

(33) the offense was a felony specified in AS 11.41.410 -- 11.41.455, the defendant

had been previously diagnosed as having or having tested positive for HIV or AIDS, and

the offense either (A) involved penetration, or (B) exposed the victim to a risk or a fear

that the offense could result in the transmission of HIV or AIDS; in this paragraph,

"HIV" and "AIDS" have the meanings given in AS 18.15.310;

(34) the defendant committed the offense on, or to affect persons or property on, the

premises of a recognized shelter or facility providing services to victims of domestic

violence or sexual assault.

(d) The following factors shall be considered by the sentencing court if proven in

accordance with this section, and may allow imposition of a sentence below the

presumptive range set out in AS 12.55.125:

(1) the offense was principally accomplished by another person, and the defendant

manifested extreme caution or sincere concern for the safety or well-being of the victim;

(2) the defendant, although an accomplice, played only a minor role in the commission

of the offense;

(3) the defendant committed the offense under some degree of duress, coercion, threat,

or compulsion insufficient to constitute a complete defense, but that significantly affected

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instances of assaultive behavior;

(17) except in the case of an offense defined by AS 11.41 or AS 11.46.400, the

defendant has been convicted of a class B or C felony, and, at the time of sentencing, has

successfully completed a court-ordered treatment program as defined in AS 28.35.

that was begun after the offense was committed;

(18) except in the case of an offense defined under AS 11.41 or AS 11.46.400 or a

defendant who has previously been convicted of a felony, the defendant committed the

offense while suffering from a mental disease or defect as defined in AS 12.47.130 that

was insufficient to constitute a complete defense but that significantly affected the

defendant's conduct;

(19) the defendant is convicted of an offense under AS 11.71, and the defendant sought

medical assistance for another person who was experiencing a drug overdose

contemporaneously with the commission of the offense.

(e) If a factor in aggravation is a necessary element of the present offense, or requires the

imposition of a sentence within the presumptive range under AS 12.55.125(c)(2), that

factor may not be used to impose a sentence above the high end of the presumptive range.

If a factor in mitigation is raised at trial as a defense reducing the offense charged to a

lesser included offense, that factor may not be used to impose a sentence below the low

end of the presumptive range.

(f) If the state seeks to establish a factor in aggravation at sentencing

(1) under (c)(7), (8), (12), (15), (18)(B), (19), (20), (21), or (31) of this section, or if the

defendant seeks to establish a factor in mitigation at sentencing, written notice must be

served on the opposing party and filed with the court not later than 10 days before the

date set for imposition of sentence; the factors in aggravation listed in this paragraph and

factors in mitigation must be established by clear and convincing evidence before the

court sitting without a jury; all findings must be set out with specificity;

(2) other than one listed in (1) of this subsection, the factor shall be presented to a trial

jury under procedures set by the court, unless the defendant waives trail by jury,

stipulates to the existence of the factor, or consents to have the factor proven under

procedures set out in (1) of this subsection; a factor in aggravation presented to a jury is

established if proved beyond a reasonable doubt; written notice of the intent to establish a

factor in aggravation must be served on the defendant and filed with the court

(A) 20 days before trial, or at another time specified by the court;

(B) within 48 hours, or at a time specified by the court, if the court instructs the jury

about the option to return a verdict for a lesser included offense; or

(C) five days before entering a plea that results in a finding of guilt, or at another time

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specified by the court.

(g) Voluntary alcohol or other drug intoxication or chronic alcoholism or other drug

addiction may not be considered an aggravating or mitigating factor.

(h) In this section, "serious provocation" has the meaning given in AS 11.41.115(f).

ALASKA S TAT. § 12.55.125 (2009). Sentences of imprisonment for

felonies

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(a) A person commits the crime of domestic violence in the second degree if the person

commits the crime of assault in the second degree pursuant to Section 13A-6-21, and the

victim is a current or former spouse, parent, child, any person with whom the defendant

has a child in common, a present or former household member, or a person who has or

had a dating or engagement relationship with the defendant. Domestic violence in the

second degree is a Class B felony, except the defendant shall serve a minimum term of

imprisonment of six months without consideration of probation, parole, good time

credits, or any reduction in time for any second or subsequent conviction under this

subsection.

(b) The minimum term of imprisonment imposed under subsection (a) shall be double

without consideration of probation, parole, good time credits, or any reduction in time if a

defendant willfully violates a protection order issued by a court of competent jurisdiction

and in the process of violating the order commits domestic violence in the second degree.

(a) A person commits domestic violence in the third degree if the person commits the

crime of assault in the third degree pursuant to Section 13A-6-22; the crime of menacing

pursuant to Section 13A-6-23; the crime of reckless endangerment pursuant to Section

13A-6-24; the crime of criminal coercion pursuant to Section 13A-6-25; or the crime of

harassment pursuant to subsection (a) of Section 13A-11-8; and the victim is a current or

former spouse, parent, child, any person with whom the defendant has a child in

common, a present or former household member, or a person who has or had a dating or

engagement relationship with the defendant. Domestic violence in the third degree is a

Class A misdemeanor, except the defendant shall serve a minimum term of imprisonment

of 48 hours in a city or county jail or detention facility without consideration of reduction

in time for any second or subsequent conviction under this subsection.

(b) The minimum term of imprisonment imposed under subsection (a) shall be double

without consideration of reduction in time if a defendant willfully violates a protection

order issued by a court of competent jurisdiction and in the process of violating the order

commits domestic violence in the third degree.

A responsible person, as defined in Section 26-15-2, who shall torture, willfully abuse,

cruelly beat or otherwise willfully maltreat any child under the age of 18 years shall, on

conviction, be guilty of a Class C felony.

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(a) A responsible person, as defined in Section 26-15-2, commits the crime of aggravated

child abuse if he or she does any of the following:

(1) He or she violates the provisions of Section 26-15-3 by acts taking place on more

than one occasion.

(2) He or she violates Section 26-15-3 and in so doing also violates a court order

concerning the parties or injunction.

(3) He or she violates the provisions of Section 26-15-3 which causes serious physical

injury, as defined in Section 13A-1-2, to the child.

(b) The crime of aggravated child abuse is a Class B felony.

(a) A person commits the crime of assault in the third degree if that person

(1) recklessly

(A) places another person in fear of imminent serious physical injury by means of a

dangerous instrument;

(B) causes physical injury to another person by means of a dangerous instrument; or

(C) while being 18 years of age or older

(i) causes physical injury to a child under 10 years of age and the injury would

cause a reasonable caregiver to seek medical attention from a health care professional in

the form of diagnosis or treatment;

(ii) causes physical injury to a child under 10 years of age on more than one

occasion;

(2) with intent to place another person in fear of death or serious physical injury to the

person or the person's family member makes repeated threats to cause death or serious

physical injury to another person;

(3) while being 18 years of age or older, knowingly causes physical injury to a child

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(a) A person commits the crime of assault of an unborn child in the first degree if

(1) that person recklessly causes serious physical injury to an unborn child by means of

a dangerous instrument;

(2) with intent to cause serious physical injury to an unborn child or to another person,

that person causes serious physical injury to an unborn child;

(3) that person knowingly engages in conduct that results in serious physical injury to

an unborn child under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of

human life; for purposes of this paragraph, a pregnant woman's decision to remain in a

relationship in which domestic violence, as defined in AS 18.66.990, has occurred does

not constitute conduct manifesting an extreme indifference to the value of human life; or