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Enzyme Action Worksheet with Answers, Exercises of Biochemistry

Bentley UniversityBiochemistry

Enzyme action, enzyme application practice questions with solutions

Typology: Exercises

2020/2021

Uploaded on 04/20/2021

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2.5 Enzymes+
Enzyme+Action+
Define&the&following&terms&
Enzyme:( …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...(
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Substrate:( …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...(
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A globular protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation
energy (i.e. a biological catalyst)
A compound that binds to an enzyme’s active site and is converted into a product
(the substrate is complementary in shape and chemical properties to the active site)
Enzyme and substrate collide in an appropriate orientation
(substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site)
Enzyme and substrate form a complex, leading to catalysis
(enzyme-substrate interaction shows specificity)
Substrate is converted into a product
(enzyme may stress the bonds within the substrate to catalyse this process)
Enzyme and product dissociate
(enzyme is not consumed by the reaction and may be re-used)
Temperature - increases the kinetic energy of particles, leading to more frequent collisions
Substrate concentration - increases frequency of collisions with enzyme
Enzyme concentration - increases frequency of collision with substrate
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2.5 Enzymes

Enzyme Action Define the following terms Enzyme: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Substrate: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Outline the steps in enzymatic binding and catalytic activity with the aid of the following diagram

  1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
  2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
  3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
  4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Identify factors that can affect an enzyme’s molecular motion and collision with a substrate ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... A globular protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy (i.e. a biological catalyst) A compound that binds to an enzyme’s active site and is converted into a product (the substrate is complementary in shape and chemical properties to the active site) Enzyme and substrate collide in an appropriate orientation (substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site) Enzyme and substrate form a complex, leading to catalysis (enzyme-substrate interaction shows specificity) Substrate is converted into a product (enzyme may stress the bonds within the substrate to catalyse this process) Enzyme and product dissociate (enzyme is not consumed by the reaction and may be re-used) Temperature - increases the kinetic energy of particles, leading to more frequent collisions Substrate concentration - increases frequency of collisions with enzyme Enzyme concentration - increases frequency of collision with substrate

Distinguish between the ‘lock and key’ and ‘induced fit’ models of enzyme specificity Lock and Key Model: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Induced Fit Model: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Explain the effect of different factors on enzyme activity Temperature: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... pH: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Substrate Concentration: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Enzyme Activity Enzyme Activity Enzyme Activity Temperature pH Substrate Concentration Substrate and active site are complementary in both shape and chemical properties Means that enzymes are specific for the reaction they catalyse Active site is not a perfect fit, but undergoes a conformational change in shape to accommodate substrate This stresses bonds in the substrate (promoting catalysis) and gives rise to broad specificity At low temperatures there is insufficient activation energy for reaction to proceed At higher and lower pH levels, activity will decrease (leading to a bell-shaped curve) This is because pH affects the charge and solubility of the enzyme The change in the enzyme’s chemical properties causes it to denature (lose tertiary structure) Enzymes have an optimal pH at which the rate of reaction is highest As temperatures increase, the rate of reaction increases (higher kinetic energy = more collisions) At a certain optimum temperature, the rate of reaction will plateau (i.e. peak efficiency) Above this temperature, the enzyme will begin to denature and rate of reaction will decrease Enzyme activity increases as substrate concentration increases This is because there are more substrate particles, leading to a higher rate of successful collisions At a certain point, the rate of enzyme activity will plateau This is because all enzyme active sites are occupied (the solution is saturated)