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Lab 4: Epithelia and Glands - IUSM 2016, Lecture notes of Human Biology

Kentucky State University (KSU)Human Biology

A lab manual from Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) for a course on Epithelia and Glands. It includes slides and instructions for identifying various types of epithelia and glands, such as simple squamous, simple columnar, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, transitional, and mucous and serous acini. The document also covers topics like microvilli, stereocilia, cilia, merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretion.

What you will learn

  • How can you distinguish between simple squamous and simple columnar epithelium?
  • What are the different types of epithelia covered in this lab manual?
  • What is the difference between stratified cuboidal and stratified columnar epithelium?
  • What are the differences between merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretion?
  • What is the role of microvilli, stereocilia, and cilia in epithelia?

Typology: Lecture notes

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Epithelia and Glands
Lab 4 –Epithelia and Glands
IUSM –2016
I. Introduction
II.Learning Objectives
III. Keywords
IV. Slides
A. Epithelia
1. Simple
a. Simple squamous
b. Simple cuboidal
c. Simple columnar
d. Pseudostratified columnar
2. Stratified
a. Stratified squamous
b. Stratified cuboidal
c. Stratified columnar
d. Transitional
B. Exocrine Glands
1. Simple (unbranched duct)
a. Tubular
b. Branched tubular
c. Coiled tubular
d. Branched acinar
2. Compound (branched ducts)
a. Tubular
b. Acinar
c. Tubulo-acinar
V. Summary
SEM of ciliated columnar epithelium of the uterine tube
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Partial preview of the text

Download Lab 4: Epithelia and Glands - IUSM 2016 and more Lecture notes Human Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Epithelia and Glands

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar SEM of ciliated columnar epithelium of the uterine tube

Epithelium

1. Greek: epi – “upon”, thele – “teat, nipple”

2. Avascular tissue that covers body surfaces, lines

body cavities, and forms glands (endocrine and

exocrine).

3. Composed of sheets of closely aggregated cells, of

one or more layers thick, sitting upon a basement

membrane.

4. Creates a barrier between “external” environment

and underlying connective tissue.

5. Polarized with a free surface ( apical surface ),

generally facing the external environment or lumen,

and a bound surface ( basal surface ), facing the

basement membrane.

6. Epithelial tissues are categorized by the number of

cell-layers and the shape of their cells.

7. Exocrine glands are categorized by the arrangement

of their duct portion (branched or not) and the

shape of their secretory portions.

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Learning Objectives (cont.)

  1. Distinguish the basic differences between the parenchyma and stroma of a gland.
  2. Understand that exocrine glands can be classified according to four features: the secretory portion’s shape (alveolar/acinar vs. tubular), the duct system (simple vs. compound), the nature of the secretion (serous vs. mucous), and the mode of cell secretion (merocrine, apocrine, holocrine).
  3. Continue to appreciate how structure relates to function.

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Keywords

Acinar

Apocrine

Branched tubular

Brush border

Cilia

Coiled tubular

Compound gland

Epithelia

Glands

Glycocalyx

Goblet cells

Holocrine

Intercellular junctions

Keratin

Keratinized

Merocrine

Microvilli

Mucous

Myoepithelial cell

Non-keratinized

PCCE

Pseudostratified columnar

Serous

Simple columnar

Simple cuboidal

Simple epithelia

Simple gland

Simple squamous

Stratified cuboidal

Stratified epithelia

Striated border

Terminal web

Transitional

Tubular

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Slide 78: Eye, H&E Slide Overview

look at the interior

surface of the

cornea to see an

example of simple

squamous

epithelium

cornea

iris

lens

retina

optic

nerve

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Slide 78: Eye, H&E

example of

(nonkeratinized)

stratified

squamous

epithelium

(air)

look here

for simple

squamous

epithelium

thick pink

line is the

basement

membrane

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened (squamous) cells; specialized types

include endothelium (lines the interior of vessels and heart chambers) and mesothelium (lines the exterior of

certain organs and body cavities)

Slide 14: Kidney, Masson Trichrome

look in the cortex (outer region of an organ) to

find renal corpuscles with Bowman’s capsule

lined by simple squamous epithelium

cortex

(outer)

medulla

(inner)

calyx

look here for

transitional

epithelium

Slide Overview

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Slide 14: Kidney, Masson Trichrome

the center of the slide shows a glomerulus (capillary network) of a nephron, which compose the parenchyma

(functional tissue) of the kidney (~ 1 million nephrons / kidney)

using a trichrome stain,

blue shows collagen of the

basement membrane of

the simple squamous

epithelium tissue that

forms the outer layer of

Bowman’s capsule

the basement membrane

is composed of two layers:

the basal lamina

(with type IV collagen)

and the reticular lamina

(with type III collagen)

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Slide 14: Kidney, Masson Trichrome

distinguishing the type of epithelium (and apical modifications) will be important later on when discussing the

kidney in order to distinguish the different tubules (e.g., collecting duct vs. proximal convoluted tubule)

simple cuboidal

epithelium

simple squamous

epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

lines small ducts as seen here

the nuclei of the cuboidal

epithelial cells are round and

generally located in the center of

the cell

this is still a simple epithelium

because all of the cells are

directly attached to the basement

membrane (thin blue line)

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Slide 14: Kidney, Masson Trichrome

simple cuboidal

epithelium

(duct in longitudinal section)

simple cuboidal

epithelium

(duct in cross section)

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Slide 105: Gallbladder, H&E

the gallbladder

has very tall

simple

columnar

epithelium

notice the

column-shaped

nuclei located

toward the basal

aspect of the cells

lumen

basement

membrane

underlying

connective tissue

a mucosa (or mucous membrane ), as seen here, is a layer of an organ

composed of an epithelium and the underlying loose connective tissue

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Slide 4: Duodenum, BF PAS

the purple/pink border is glycocalyx (glycolipids/glycoproteins) coating the microvilli on the apical

surface of the epithelium, giving a brush or striated border appearance; notice that in light microscopy

individual microvilli cannot be seen – they are only seen as a collective border – while individual cilia or

stereocilia can be seen (none are seen here but will be seen later)

simple

columnar

epithelium

a goblet cell is a

specialized type of

epithelial gland cell;

why does it stain

purple with PAS

stain?

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Slide 19: Oviduct, Masson Trichrome

cilia vs. microvilli : cilia are larger, cytoplasmic processes containing microtubules, while microvilli are

short, cytoplasmic projections containing actin filaments; while it may be possible to distinguish individual

cilia in light microscopy, this is not possible with microvilli

cilia

on the apical

surface of the

simple columnar

epithelium

the folds of the tissue

can make it difficult to

tell if the epithelium is

simple or stratified;

always look at the least

folded (thinnest) area

when categorizing the

tissue type

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

Slide 2: Trachea and Thyroid, Trichrome Slide Overview

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia

  1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar
  2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands
  3. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar
  4. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar

the thyroid gland is found

adjacent to the trachea; it

is easily identified by the

presence of numerous

colloid-filled follicles

(at arrow tip)

tracheal rings of

hyaline cartilage

lumen of the trachea is

lined by pseudostratified

ciliated columnar

epithelium (PCCE) ,

sometimes referred to

simply as respiratory

epithelium

lumen