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Chapter 4 – Histology (Tissues) Name: Key _________________________ Block: ____
Epithelial Tissues:
Cell
Arrangement Shape^ Description^ Function^ Location
Simple
Squamous
Flat
Irregular Shape
Oval Nuclei
Single Layer
Diffusion
Filtration
Air sacs of lungs (Alveoli)
Blood vessels of kidneys
Cuboidal
Cube-shaped cell
Round nuclei
Single Layer
Secretion
Absorption
Kidney tubules
Ovary surface
Columnar
Tall & thin cells
Oval nuclei
Single layer
Secretion
Absorption
Small intestine
Pseudostratified
Jumbled layers of nuclei
Often with goblet cells
and cilia
Secretion
Absorption
Respiratory passages
(nasal cavity, trachea, &
bronchi)
Stratified
Squamous
2 - 3 layers
Cuboidal at the base
Squamous at the surface
Outermost cells without
nuclei
Protection from
abrasion
Skin
Mouth
Cuboidal n/a – not covered in our book
Columnar n/a – not covered in our book
Transitional
Five or more layers of
different shaped cells
Dome-shaped at free
surface
As stretched, cells flatten
Stretches
Protects underlying
structures from
caustic effects of urine
Urinary bladder
How Secreted
Glands
Exocrine
Secrete products into
ducts
Several types:
o Unicellular - goblet cells in mucous membranes
o Simple tubular – sweat glands & stomach glands
o Simple acinar (or alveolar) – sebaceous glands
o Compound tubular – duodenal glands
o Compound acinar (or alveolar) - pancreas
Endocrine
Secrete directly into
blood & body fluids
Secretions are called hormones
Connective Tissues:
Type Description Function Location
Loose (Areolar)
Gel-like matrix Contains fibroblasts, collagen & elastic fibers Diffusion Cushions organs (fills spaces Beneath epithelial tissue
Adipose
Contains collagen & elastic fibers Nuclei pushed to the side Irregular shaped Fat (energy) storage Pads & protects parts of the body Acts as a thermal insulator Beneath skin Around joints Around internal organs
Cartilage
Hyaline
White Abundant collagen fibers Support Ends of bones Respiratory passages Tip of nose
Elastic
Matrix of elastic fibers Shape maintenance Flexibility Outer ear Parts of larynx
Fibrocartilage
Abundant collagen fibers Tough Shock-absorption Intervertebral disks Knees Pelvic girdles
Bone
Rigid Contains mineral salts & collagen Support Protection Forms muscle attachments Blood cell formation Throughout body: skeleton
Blood
Contains 3 components: red cells, white cells, and platelets in liquid plasma Transportation of: o Nutrients o Wastes o Gases Heart Blood vessels
Muscle Tissues:
Type Type of Control Description Function Location
Skeletal Voluntary Long, thin fibers with
many nuclei and striations Move bones Attached to bones
Smooth Involuntary Spindle shaped cells with
one centrally located nucleus, lacks striations Move substances through passageways (i.e. food, urine, etc.) Constriction of blood vessels Walls of visceral hollow organs Irises of eyes Walls of blood vessels
Cardiac Involuntary A network of striated
cells with one centrally located nucleus attached by intercalated disks Pump blood to lungs & body heart
Nervous Tissues:
Type Description Function Location
Nervous Consists of neurons &^ support cells
(neuroglia) Nerve Cells – consist of cell body, axons, & dendrites conduct electrical signals for coordination & control of many body activities brain spinal column nerves
