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ESS 101 Midterm Exam Questions with answers
Typology: Exams
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Match the magma type with the appropriate tectonic setting where it likely forms: Iceland - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔basalt Match the magma type with the appropriate tectonic setting where it likely forms: Sierra Nevada Batholith - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔granite Match the magma type with the appropriate tectonic setting where it likely forms: Phillipine Islands - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔andesite The Columbia Plateau is composed of rock rich in - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔basalt The melting temperature of granitic magma (wet melt) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔increases as pressure is reduced (as it rises) A partial melt of the asthenosphere will not rise toward the surface because - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the above question is incorrect because an asthenospheric melt will rise towards the surface
How do we know that Earth was created from the debris of a previous star system? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Dense elements exist that could only have been formed through a Supernova event Steps of the Nebular Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Supernova and formation of primordial dust cloud
What's the inner and outer core of the earth made of? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Iron-Nickel Core Inner core in which phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔solid Outer core in which phase? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔liquid What's the mantle made of? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fe-Mg Silicate What's the crust made of? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fe-Mg-Al Silicate Differentiated earth order (starting from center) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Iron-Nickel Core
crust and uppermost mantle, the earth's average density, and based on the understanding that the densest materials would form the center of the planet, we can infer that the density of the lower mantle and the earth's core should be around 10gm/cm> Describe the magnetic field evidence supporting differentiated earth - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- background: when electrons flow around an iron-nickel spike, a weak magnetic force is generated
Why does basaltic magma, as it rise, become more and more liquid? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- basalt originally at 10-15$ melt when hits a low convecting hot post in the asthenosphere
Example of Ocean-ocean lithosphere convergence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Japan, Phillipines Ex of ocean-continent lithosphere convergence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Andes Mountains and Cascade Mountains Ex of continent-continent lithosphere collision - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Himalaya Mountains and European Alps What are the mechanisms that drive subduction of ocean lithosphere?
Mountain range: accretion of ocean floor scraped off by top plate Forearc basin: b/w volcano and coastal mountains Example of volcanic arc - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔cascades Ex of accretionary mountain range - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Olympic mts, Coastal mts Ex of forearc basin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Puget Lowland Ex of backarc basin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Columbia Plateau The type of rock that forms in a subduction zone - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔andesite What does ocean-ocean convergence form? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Island arcs like Japan What is the source of rising magma (what components are partially melting) in ocean-ocean convergence? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔basalt marine sediments
Continental crust partially melting GRANITE--> produced from the partial melt of continental crust Uplift of ocean crust takes place --> marine sediments
Magnetite crystals have inclines that correspond with direction of magnetic field By measuring the inclination of the magnetite crystals will tell the paleolatitude of the ocean floor--> possible to date various continents How was the European Alps formed? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Collision of the African plate with the Eurasian plate How were the Appalachian Mountains - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Collision of the African and European Plates with the North American Plate Where do transform boundaries form? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔along mid-ocean rift zones--> varying spreading rates cause rigid ocean crust to fracture at various points Ex of land transform faults - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔San Andreas fault zone What can you say about the evolution of primates relevant to Africa and South America? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Both have monkeys--> plates separated later than all others
Characteristics of all minerals - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- have a specific chemical composition
Good analogy for the Principle of Inclusion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔If you have a chocolate chip cookie, what was there first the chip or the cookie? the CHIP -- you can't have large plagiocase crystals forming before the tiny ones inside of them Where can minerals form? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. during crystallization of a magmatic melt (basalt, andesite)
Best way to diagnose metallic minerals? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Streak test Hematite streak color? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Reddish-Brown Dominant elements comprising earth rocks? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Silicon and oxygen Olivine - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- first silicate mineral to crystallize from a magmatic melt
Amphibole - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- two cleavage planes