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Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 1 Review Questions and Answers, Exams of Anatomy

A comprehensive review of essential concepts in human anatomy and physiology, covering various levels of structural organization, directional terms, body cavities, organ systems, and homeostasis. it includes numerous questions and answers, making it an excellent resource for students to test their understanding of fundamental anatomical and physiological principles. The detailed explanations enhance learning and retention.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/10/2025

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Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology - Chapter 1 Review
Anatomy ✔✔Is the study of the structure and and shape of the body and its parts.
Physiology ✔✔Study of how the body works or functions. How do they work?
Name the levels of structural organization ✔✔Chemical level-atoms to molecules.
Cellular level-organelles, molecules form cells.
Tissue level-similar cells form tissue.
Organ-tissues form organs.
Organ system level-organs that work together.
Organismal level-sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive.
Median plane (Saggital) ✔✔Saggital plane - center of body anterior view, head to toe
Direction-Medial ✔✔Close to midline of body, going to inside
Direction-Lateral ✔✔Away from midline, to the outside
Midline ✔✔Separates left and right side of body of anterior view
Distal ✔✔Further from the point of attachment, further from trunk
Proximal ✔✔Nearer to the point of attachment, close to trunk
Superior ✔✔Above another body part, cranial or cephalad
Inferior ✔✔below another body part
Intermediate ✔✔In between, in between ribs for example
Superficial ✔✔External, close to the body's surface
Deep ✔✔Internal, further from body's surface
Sagittal ✔✔Section lengthwise cut into right and left
Frontal (coronal) ✔✔Section lengthwise cut into anterior and posterior
(dorsal) Posterior ✔✔Back view of the body,
Anterior ✔✔Front view of body
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Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology - Chapter 1 Review Anatomy ✔✔Is the study of the structure and and shape of the body and its parts. Physiology ✔✔Study of how the body works or functions. How do they work? Name the levels of structural organization ✔✔Chemical level-atoms to molecules. Cellular level-organelles, molecules form cells. Tissue level-similar cells form tissue. Organ-tissues form organs. Organ system level-organs that work together. Organismal level-sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive. Median plane (Saggital) ✔✔Saggital plane - center of body anterior view, head to toe Direction-Medial ✔✔Close to midline of body, going to inside Direction-Lateral ✔✔Away from midline, to the outside Midline ✔✔Separates left and right side of body of anterior view Distal ✔✔Further from the point of attachment, further from trunk Proximal ✔✔Nearer to the point of attachment, close to trunk Superior ✔✔Above another body part, cranial or cephalad Inferior ✔✔below another body part Intermediate ✔✔In between, in between ribs for example Superficial ✔✔External, close to the body's surface Deep ✔✔Internal, further from body's surface Sagittal ✔✔Section lengthwise cut into right and left Frontal (coronal) ✔✔Section lengthwise cut into anterior and posterior (dorsal) Posterior ✔✔Back view of the body, Anterior ✔✔Front view of body

Transverse plane ✔✔Plane dividing upper and lower part of the body What does the Dorsal body cavity contain? ✔✔Contains cranial cavity and spinal cavity What does the Cranial Cavity contain? ✔✔Houses the brain What does the Spinal Cavity contain? ✔✔Houses the spinal cord What does the Thoracic Cavity contain? ✔✔Houses lungs, heart, mediastinum Where is the Diaphragm? ✔✔Separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities What does the Abdominal Cavity contain? ✔✔Stomach, liver, intestines What does the Pelvic Cavity contain? ✔✔Reproductive organs, bladder, rectum What is the Abdominal-Pelvic cavity? ✔✔Includes abdominal and pelvic cavities What are the Quadrants of abdominopelvic cavity? ✔✔4 main - upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left 9 regions What does the Ventral body cavity contain? ✔✔Contains thoracic cavity, diaphragm, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity What is the Integumentary system? ✔✔External covering, skin Waterproofs, cushions and protects deeper tissue Regulates body temperature Excretes salts and urea Temperature, pressure and pain receptors Name parts of axial skeleton ✔✔Skull, ribs, sternum, vertebra Name parts of appendicular skeleton ✔✔Shoulders, pelvic girdle, arms, legs What is the Skeletal System? ✔✔Bones, cartilage, ligaments and joints Provides framework Stones minerals Functions to produce blood cells (hematopoiesis) Protects organs (ie skull) 206 bones What is the Muscular System? ✔✔Functions to provide movement

Smooth - movement of internal organs (digestive, urinary, cardiovascular) What causes responsiveness? ✔✔Nervous system The ability to change and react to stimuli What causes digestion? ✔✔Digestive system breaking down foods into nutrients the body can use In an amoeba the cell itself is the digestive factory What causes metabolism? ✔✔Endocrine system Broad term for chemical reactions that occur within body cells Breaking down complex structures into something smaller the body can use Metabolism depends upon digestion, respiratory and cardiovascular Regulated by the endocrine system What causes excretion? ✔✔Digestive system Process of removing excreta(waste) provided by: Skin-sweat Digestion-feces Respiratory-carbon dioxide Urinary-urea/urine What causes growth? ✔✔Endocrine system Hormones play a major role in directing growth For growth to occur, cell constructing must occur at a faster rate than cell destroying ones What is a nutrient? ✔✔Carbs,fats,proteins 60 - 80%o of our body weight is ✔✔Water What is ideal Temperature? ✔✔98F (37C), too hot, too cold can lead to death Homeostasis ✔✔Homeo=same, Stasis=standing still All organs contribute to maintain balance in the body Actual definition indicates a dynamic state of equilibrium Balance-conditions change and body is always trying to create homeostatic (balance) Name survival needs ✔✔Nutrients Oxygen Water Appropriate temperature and pressure Atmospheric pressure What is hematopoiesis? ✔✔It is the formation of blood cell

Mediastinum ✔✔Subdivisions of the thoracic body cavity. Abdominal ✔✔Anterior body trunk below the ribs Acromial ✔✔Point of the shoulder Antebrachial ✔✔Forearm ( anterior) Antecubital ✔✔Anterior surface of the elbow Axillary ✔✔Armpit Brachial ✔✔Arm (posterior) Buccal ✔✔cheek area carpal ✔✔wrist cervical ✔✔Neck region Coxal ✔✔Hip Crural ✔✔leg deltoid ✔✔Curve of shoulder formed by muscle Digital ✔✔Fingers and/or toes Femoral ✔✔Thigh Fibular ✔✔lateral part of the leg Frontal ✔✔Forehead Inguinal ✔✔Groin muscles where thighs meet mental ✔✔chin nasal ✔✔nose area oral ✔✔Mouth

Umbilical region ✔✔the center most region deep to and surrounding the navel Epigastric region ✔✔Located superior to the umbilical region Hypogastric region ✔✔inferior to the umbilical region Inguinal region ✔✔Lie lateral (left and right Illiac) to the hypogastric region Lumbar regions ✔✔Area lateral to the umbilical region Hypochondriac regions ✔✔Areas lateral to the Epigastric region Oral and digestive cavities ✔✔Contains mouth, Teeth, tongue, Anus Nasal Cavity ✔✔Located within and posterior to the nose Orbital Cavity ✔✔Cavities that house the eyeball Middle ear cavities ✔✔The medial interior deep to the ear