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NURS 7310- EBP + research quiz Questions With Complete Solutions what is evidence based practice? practice based on the best available evidence, patient preferences, and clinical judgement it is a life long problem solving approach to clinical practice what are the 3 main things that make up evidence based practice? best available evidence clinical expertise patient/fam preferences what 3 things lead us to a clinical decision? best available evidence clinical expertise patient/fam preferences/values aka EBP! what are the steps of EBP?
- cultivate a spirity of inquiry within an EBP culture/environment
- ask clinical questions in PICOT format
- search for/collect the most relevant best evidence
- critically appraise the evidence
- integrate the best evidence with your clinical expertise AND patient/fam preferences/values in making a practice decision or change
- evaluate outcomes of the practice decision or change based on evidence
- disseminate the outcomes of the EBP decision or change what does PICOT stand for? Patient population Intervention Comparison/ comparison group Outcomes Time / time frame what is evidence? the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid what kind of evidence must we have when making decisions regarding patient care? STRONG evidence what is level 1 evidence (highest level of evidence hierarchy)? meta-analysis systematic review of RCT's current practice guidelines
manufacturer's recommendations traditional literature reviews when looking at the evidence hierarchy, which levels are higher and which are lower/weaker? 1-4 considered higher 5-7 considered lower why is the evidence hierarchy important? very important to critically appraise the research we're finding, and we can do that by determining where it falls on the evidence hierarchy when faced with a clinical problem, we search the literature which can lead us to 2 different things. what are they? either a research problem (which would require you to generate new knowledge, and start from scratch) or EBP guidelines (which is established data we can apply to our question/problem) what is research? systematic inquiry that relies on disciplined methods to answer questions or solve problems what does research lead to? NEW knowledge and/or solutions to problems or questions what is research design?
the blueprint for how the study will be carried out and organized important to know the design as you assess the evidence what is a research problem? an area of concern when there is a gap in knowledge that requires a solution what is a research question? an interrogatory statement describing the variables and population of the study what is a problem statement? formally identifies what problem is being addressed in the study what is a purpose statement? indicates the aim of the study what all should be included in a research question? population being studied clearly identified variables how the variables will be tested what is quantitative research? investigation of phenomena that need PRECISE MEASUREMENT, often with RIGOROUS + CONTROLLED DESIGN, and statistical analysis of DATA
when it's undesirable or unethical to manipulate of impose treatment on a group (the diabetes example--- we wouldnt want to give a group of people diabetes for the purpose of this study, so we just use a group of ppl who already have it and do a descriptive study) what is an independent variable? whats being changed what is the dependent variable? the outcome in the following example, identify the independent and dependent variables "does a nutrition intervention lead to increased vegetable consumption in university professors?" independent variable- nutrition intervention dependent variable- vegetable consumption what 2 groups exist within research design? intervention grou & control group what is an intervention group? the group that gets the intervention done to them what is a control group?
they do not get any intervention what is a correlational study? describes a RELATIONSHIP (or correlation) between variables does NOT establish cause and effect what is a quasi experimental design? similar to experimental study but there is NO randomization considered a weaker design because of this what is randomization? a sampling method where you randomly assign people to groups why is it preferable to have randomization in a study? cuts down on bias in your research. what is the strongest study for determining cause and effect? randomized control trial what is a randomized control trial? the gold standard for evaluating the effects of a treatment or intervention what are the 3 aspects of a randomized control trial?
- experimental group that receives the treatment or intervention
- control group that receives standard care (which is different
ex. an ethnographic study of swedish nurses to explore nurses workday events to better understand what influences their decision to keep working in ethnographic studies, is "culture" considered broad or more specific? it can be either! can be broad like an entire syrian refugee community, or more focused like the culture of a specific ICU unit in a hospital what is a systematic review? carefully and transparently integrates research evidence about a specific research question using methodical procedures that are spelled out in advance the methods are CLEARLY identified aka theyre easily reproducable and verifiable in a systematic review, what can you expect from the method section? the method section should describe what they went through should totally spell it out: what key words were used? what databases did they search? what articles are going to be included? what sets a systematic review apart from a literature review?
a systematic review involves rigorous development of and adherance to a protocol with explicit rules for gathering data from original research and in a systematic review, data from the included studies can be combined to answer a question what is meta-analysis? a type of systematic review!! incorporates QUANTITATIVE methods to compare the results from multiple studies generates an overall summary statistic that represents the effect of the intervention across all the studies why is meta analysis helpful? you're able to combine results to give a stronger idea for how an intervention is helpful what is meta synthesis? a rigorous process of analyzing findings across QUALITATIVE studies why is meta synthesis helpful? helps researchers to find a greater or deeper meaning through interpreting the qualitative data
quantitative qualitative or quantitative: which design focuses on lived experiences and usually has fewer participants? qualitative
