Download Exam 1 | BI 0075 - Ecology and Society and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
environment
All surroundings with which we interact TERM 2
Biotic
DEFINITION 2 Living things o Animals, plants, forests, fungi, etc. TERM 3
Abiotic
DEFINITION 3 Non-living things o Continents, oceans, clouds, soil, rocks Buildings, human-created living centers TERM 4
Five kingdoms of life
DEFINITION 4
- Plants 2. Animals 3. Fungi 4. Bacteria 5. Protists (Single- celled organisms) TERM 5
Ecocentric
DEFINITION 5 Environment as a system of interacting components that is very complex and is beyond living portions of the environment
Biocentric
Ethical perspective on the environment (endangered species; vegans) TERM 7
Anthropocentric
DEFINITION 7 Categorize most people on planet Earth What can the environment do for me, or my relatives, or my social life? TERM 8
Principles of Sustainability
DEFINITION 8
- A sustainable society does not use natural resources or produce wastes faster than they are regenerated or assimilated by the environment 2 Society and the environment are interconnected, complex systems
- Sustainable societies make decisions based on equity and fairness
- Societies must have incentives and punishments to foster sustainable solutions TERM 9
The IPAT Equation
DEFINITION 9 Human impact on the environment = Population X Affluence X Technology I = P x A x T TERM 10
The Ecological Footprint
DEFINITION 10 The resources and environmental services used to produce your food, clothing, shelter, and other goods and services
Ecological
economics
civilizations cannot overcome environmental limitations o Uses principles of ecology and systems science o Natural systems are models for sustainability TERM 17
Tragedy of the commons
DEFINITION 17 commonly held resources will become overused and degraded TERM 18
Customary law
DEFINITION 18 law arising from long-standing practices or customs held by most cultures TERM 19
Conventional law
DEFINITION 19 conventions or treaties o Montreal Protocol (1987): 160 nations agreed to reduce ozone-depleting chemicals o Kyoto Protocol: reduces greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change TERM 20
What are systems?
DEFINITION 20 o Storage and flows o Properties and behaviors o Relationships between parts of a system
Spontaneous Flow
o From high concentration to low o Energy dissipated o Examples Osmosis; diffusion TERM 22
Non-Spontaneous Flows
DEFINITION 22 o From low concentration to high o Requires energy input to accomplish o Examples Blood flow; TERM 23
Homeostasis
DEFINITION 23 o Homeo means self o Stasis is the property of being stationary, constant, relatively unchangeable o Homeostasis means self-stationary o Classic example is a thermostat TERM 24
System properties
DEFINITION 24 Homeostasis Complexity Stability Time Lags TERM 25
Approaches to Science Inquiry
DEFINITION 25 Reductionist Approach General Systems Theory
Laws of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics o There is no change in the quantity of energy in any energy conversion Second Law of Thermodynamics o In all conversion processes energy decreases in its ability to do work Entropy (disorder) increases, often as waste heat Third Law of Thermodynamics o You can never escape! o (The first or second laws can never be changed) TERM 32
Autotrophs
DEFINITION 32 o Obtain energy from inorganic sources Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis o Input source of energy for living components of systems TERM 33
Heterotrophs
DEFINITION 33 Heterotrophs o Must consume organic material to obtain energy Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Detritivores TERM 34
Energy return on investment
DEFINITION 34 Gross energy________ Energy used to obtain energy TERM 35
Primary Production
DEFINITION 35 The amount of chemical energy fixed by autotrophs per area per time
Gross primary production vs. net primary
production
o GPP = total energy fixed o NPP = GPP energy used for maintenance and respiration losses Global map of net primary productivity (NPP) Graph of net primary productivity for major ecosystem types
