Download Key Figures of the American Industrial Revolution and Labor Movement and more Quizzes United States History in PDF only on Docsity!
John D. Rockefeller
founder of Standard Oil Company. He used vertical and horizontal integration to make his company succeed, and became a tycoon in the oil industry. TERM 2
Andrew Carnegie
DEFINITION 2 a steel tycoon, whose manager, Henry Clay Frick, caused the Homestead Strike by refusing cooperate with a labor union's collective bargaining TERM 3
J. Pierpont Morgan
DEFINITION 3 a major investment banker who grew rich through investing in companies like Standard Oil. TERM 4
August Spies
DEFINITION 4 an anarchist labor activist who was executed for the bombing at Haymarket Square. TERM 5
Samuel Gompers
DEFINITION 5 the founder of the American Federation of Labor, the labor union that found success by taking different approaches than the Knights of Labor had
Eugene Victor Debs
the leader of the American Railway Union, who called for a boycott of George Pullman's railway cars in protest of wage cuts. He was eventually arrested for ignoring a court injunction TERM 7
Oscar Neebe
DEFINITION 7 a socialist labor activist. He was one of the eight activists convicted for the bombing at Haymarket Square TERM 8
Jay Gould
DEFINITION 8 a "robber baron" of the railroad and speculation industries, who eventually befriended Boss Tweed and became involved in the Tammany ring. TERM 9
William & Ella Gibson
Russell
DEFINITION 9 a middle class couple who moved to a suburb in New Jersey in the late 1880's to live among a "'pleasant, cultured people whose society we could enjoy' and a cure for Russell's rheumatism." William owned a metal brokerage in New York and rode a train into town when he worked; Ella raised her children and spent time at clubs and charities. TERM 10
Mary Antin
DEFINITION 10 a Russian Jewish immigrant who migrated to the US at age
- She later wrote a memoir known as "The Promised Land" describing her experience
What was the "white city" and what did it
represent?
The White City was an exposition at the 1983 World's Fair celebrating the 400th anniversary of Europe's discovery of America which demonstrated the possibility of planning and building a city that benefitted both people and the environment. It represented the American mentality of anything being possible, and the goals that people ought to strain towards. TERM 17
Nativism
DEFINITION 17 the presumption that the culture and interests of peoplenative to the United States are superior to those of immigrants. TERM 18
the Great Migration
DEFINITION 18 The Great Migration the name for the massive urbanization that occurred near the turn of the 20th century. Americans moved away from rural country towns into big cities, especially African-Americans trying to escape the discrimination in the South. TERM 19
fusionist
DEFINITION 19 a person of one party who joined another party because theirs was ineffectual. Many people in the Populist party joined the Democratic party, for example. TERM 20
African-American voting
disfranchisement
DEFINITION 20 poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses were used to disenfranchise African-American voters because they were often too poor to pay poll taxes and too illiterate to pass the literacy tests, so these acted as racial barriers to keep the majority of them from voting.
What did "Plessy v. Ferguson" decision of the
Supreme Court say about southern society?
It showed that the south was refusing to really accept racial equality, even though they had to legally. They chose segregation so that white people would still not have to treat black people equally. TERM 22
Robert Smalls
DEFINITION 22 a freedman who became a politician in South Carolina. He helped establish the Republican party of South Carolina and the first public school in America. TERM 23
Hiram Revels
DEFINITION 23 the senator from Mississippi during the Reconstruction. He was the first African-American senator. TERM 24
Jim Crow
DEFINITION 24 the stage name of Thomas Rice, a white performer who dressed up as an old, lame, foolish black slave with an exaggerated accent. The segregation laws of the 1890's were named after this persona because they were intended to humiliate and suppress black equality. TERM 25
Rebecca Latimer Felton
DEFINITION 25 technically the first female senator. She was appointed, not elected, and she only served one day. She was also horribly racist.
ghost dance
A ghost dance was an Indian ritual. It was considered dangerous by white Christians, who were willing to kill Indians they found practicing a ghost dance. That happened at the Wounded Knee Massacre. TERM 32
Open Door
Policy
DEFINITION 32 allowed all European countries and the US enjoy open trade with China. Thus China's door was open, and the major powers of the west could walk in. TERM 33
The Dawes Allotment Act
DEFINITION 33 allowed the US government to split up Indian land for individual allotment. The government passed it because it would allow them to take the Indians' communal land. TERM 34
Why did the United States take over the
building of the Panama Canal?
DEFINITION 34 Panama asked the US for help in achieving their freedom from Colombia. The US helped them, but demanded the strip where the Panama Canal would be built be given to them. TERM 35
How does Patricia Limerick explain the
emergence of a western myth?
DEFINITION 35 She said that myths grew out of people only sharing the good of the west, rather than the bad.
Chief Joseph
a Nez Perce Indian chief who refused to cooperate with US terms of where his people should live. He finally surrendered near Canada when his people had no blankets or food and were freezing to death. TERM 37
Red Cloud
DEFINITION 37 a Sioux chief who led the war that ended at the Treaty of Fort Laramie. TERM 38
Geronimo
DEFINITION 38 an Indian chief who led the Apaches against US forces. He and his 36 followers finally had to surrender to the 5,000 US troops that fought against them. TERM 39
George Dewey
DEFINITION 39 admiral of the US Navy who fought at the Battle of Manila Bay in the Philippines. TERM 40
Emilio Aguinaldo
DEFINITION 40 a Filippino general who led the rebellions against Spain and America in the Philippines.
The Grange
an organization/political party for farmers' rights that developed after the Civil War. TERM 47
Muckraker
DEFINITION 47 a journalist investigating the corruption and abuse that took place in the corporate world. Their work was increasingly published in magazines, which contributed to the spread of progressivism. TERM 48
Hull House
DEFINITION 48 a settlement house managed by Jane Addams in Chicago that provided for the needs of poor communities. It offered people who couldn't normally afford it things like healthcare and recreation. TERM 49
Why were the IWW "Wobblies" considered
radical?
DEFINITION 49 The Wobblies were considered radical because they "used sit-down strikes, sit-ins, and mass rallies." They were also comprised of a lot of different kinds of workers, like miners, lumberjacks, farmers, and factory hands. TERM 50
Progressivism & the 16th-20th
amendments
DEFINITION 50 The 16th amendment implemented an income tax, the 17th changed the way senators were elected, the 18th instituted prohibition, and the 19th allowed women suffrage. All these were changes progressives worked for during the early 20th century.
Margaret Sanger
a feminist who spent her life advocating birth control. She eventually fled the country because birth control was illegal. TERM 52
Frances Perkins
DEFINITION 52 the first woman appointed to the US Cabinet, and served as secretary of labor under president Roosevelt. TERM 53
Gifford Pinchot
DEFINITION 53 a friend of Theodore Roosevelt who served him as the head of the Division of Forestry and assisted in TR's conservation efforts. TERM 54
John Muir
DEFINITION 54 another friend of TR who championed public responsibility for the nation's scenic and other natural resources. TERM 55
Walter Rauschenbusch
DEFINITION 55 one of the earliest Social Gospelers, which taught social justice at the expense of theology.
Pullman Strike
The Pullman Strike was a nationwide conflict between labor unions and railroads that occurred in the United States in 1894. The conflict began in the town of Pullman, Illinois, on May 11 when nearly 4,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company began a wildcat strike in response to recent reductions in wages, bringing traffic west of Chicago to a halt. TERM 62
Great Uprising
DEFINITION 62 the working class was under a lot of strain from poor working conditions and low pay. Two depressions within 20 years of each other made matters worse, especially for skilled workers whose jobs had been replaced by machines. Workers began fighting against their unjust treatment, and in 1877 what is known as the Great Uprising took place. Railroad workers struck against yet another wage cut and were stifled by federal troops. This angered other railroad workers across the country, so they began to strike as well. State militias were called in, and the strike and accompanying violence spread until more than 100 people were killed. TERM 63
Haymarket Incident
DEFINITION 63 The Haymarket Incident occurred during the reign of the Knights of Labor Union, when an organized strike led to a skirmish in which four workers were killed. During the resulting riot, a bomb was set off in protest to the killings and eleven more people were killed. The policemen who had killed the workers were not punished, but even though there was no evidence of their guilt, four people were executed for the bombingof Haybarket Square. TERM 64
Vertical and Horizontal Integration
DEFINITION 64 Vertical integration isthe consolidation of various elements in a line of production within one company. Horizontal integration is a business tactic that involves consolidation of other similar businesses in the industry. TERM 65
Fort Laramie
DEFINITION 65 The Treaty of Fort Laramie (also called the Sioux Treaty of 1868) was an agreement between the United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brul bands of Lakota people, Yanktonai Dakota, and Arapaho Nation signed in 1868 at Fort Laramie in the Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing to the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills, and further land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana.
Battle of Little Bighorn
The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as Custer's Last Stand and, by the Indians involved, as the Battle of the Greasy Grass, was an armed engagement between combined forces of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho people against the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army. TERM 67
Sand Creek Massacre
DEFINITION 67 The Sand Creek Massacre was an atrocity in the Indian Wars of the United States that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 700- man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a village of friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70-163 Indians, about two-thirds of whom were women and children.
