Download African and Asian Civilizations: Early Interactions and Influences and more Quizzes Cultural History of Europe in PDF only on Docsity!
Afrasan and Khoisan
The first two African civilizations located in Niger Congo and Sudanic because of water. Non Africans traveled there to exploit and write documents on their life. TERM 2
Egypt
DEFINITION 2 Conquered by Westerners who said it belonged to the Mediterranean worldCrossroads of where Africa met with Asia and Mediterranean world. TERM 3
Jihad
DEFINITION 3 Muslim travelers went to Africa to start African history. First foreigners to travel to AfricaMuslims converted Egyptians to Islam which unified the Northern part of Africa-better communication-more scientific knowledge-brotherhood idea TERM 4
Sub-Saharan Africa
DEFINITION 4 Muslims couldn't pass through desert because of unfamiliar diseases. TERM 5
South Africa
DEFINITION 5 Europeans traveled by boat and thought it was barbaricLanguage: belongs to Bantu (linguistic subfamily)no written characters= no documents/ no history
Prophet Muhammed
Islam who received an Enlightenment that all tribes could unify together under One God. This made the region more of a political system-prophet=head state-religious chief and political chiefNo separation of church and state in Islam originally.Prophet founded religious community ruled by his deputies-created the "Holy War" TERM 7
Shi'is
DEFINITION 7 Partisans of Ali- thought that only male relatives of Muhammed could take over as ProphetWait for return of Ali because Prophets never die20% of IslamsIran, Iraq, Lebanon TERM 8
Sunnis
DEFINITION 8 Believe in the "chosen leader"80% of IslamTurkey and the rest of Arab world TERM 9
Crusades
DEFINITION 9 Began to attack in Europe fighting for Jerusalem territory as terrorists1453- gunpowder was brought from China to defeat ChristiansWeather change in Central Asia that caused plague virus to be brought to China. -virus spreads to Christians that flee to Italy where plague spreads throughout Europe TERM 10
The Indic
DEFINITION 10 Hindu ideology and Buddhism in Asia
Confucianism
One man that ruled 24 Chinese dynasties over 4000 years."Value of the middle way" or "middle kingdom"- middle of heaven and earth-Encouraged everyone to perform with mediocrity and to not challenge authority-Individuals filled assigned roles in hierarchal society-Followed Confucius ideas from 221BC-1368AD TERM 17
Daoism
DEFINITION 17 Harmony with nature, "the way".Doesn't think about politics TERM 18
Marco Polo
DEFINITION 18 First European to visit China from Venice TERM 19
Japan
DEFINITION 19 Subjects of Chinese influences-learned Confucius ideas for 200 years then decided to make up a new system TERM 20
Kyoto
DEFINITION 20 The new Japanese system also known as Heian Era-began to recruit samurais (soldiers) that rented land to farmers to grow rice and raise money for them-Feudal system was established
World Trade before 1500s
High increase in demand for spice from Middle East-have to buy from ME before Europe can buy from China/JapanMiddle East served as middle man, network of world commerce between East and West. -ME commanded world trade, esp price of commoditiesEurope thought to skip middle man to reduce the price- this increased Indias product TERM 22
Traveling
DEFINITION 22 New trade routes developed experience of deep sea travel- by boat and wind power-new developments of tacking for sails-sailor= criminals trying to escape TERM 23
Silk Road
DEFINITION 23 Trade under Muslim control-had an outdated timar/ tiyul system= they only taxed on daily necessities and horse feed for cavalrycaused them to run out of money TERM 24
Trade in Islamic World
DEFINITION 24 Muslim emperor needed more money and more jobs- wanted to save the middle man-turned the middle man into farmers to sell cash crops to Europeans such as tobacco, opium, cotton.Coffee and sugar exported by America for cheaper TERM 25
Capitulations
DEFINITION 25 This is what the Ottomans granted to the French.-Can only do business in Muslim territory without violating Muslim and getting punished.
Malacca Strait
1511- Portuguese enter spice islands and take over the strait-thought to build a fort1641- Dutch defeat Portuguese in strait-changes Protestant power-Portuguese are forced out of Philippines TERM 32
Ferdinand Magellan
DEFINITION 32 1519- Portuguese explorer that landed in Philippines and conquered the land but said he was just Spanish TERM 33
Lopez de Legaspi
DEFINITION 33 1571- colonized the islandsHispanization- changed to Catholic believers and forced Latin America to be Spanish TERM 34
Zheng He Expedition
DEFINITION 34 Ming DynastyEmperor of Ming gave Zheng He (Muslim follower) 100s of ships to help their Chinese neighbor who lacked food and had pirates.Plans didn't work and China closed all doors to foreigners. -isolation policy TERM 35
Europeans in China
DEFINITION 35 1517- Portuguese arrives in China who had an isolation policy-waited 40 years to enter China
Macau
1557- where Portuguese could get their good from China until 1999 TERM 37
Jesuits
DEFINITION 37 Catholic missionaries arrive but couldn't get in ChinaThey entered Beijing because they had a small clock= taught Chinese new ways TERM 38
Europeans in NE Asia
DEFINITION 38 1542- Portuguese arrive in Japan which causes them to panic and go into isolation in 15871600- Dutch established factory in Hirado, Japan- a district for only Dutch trade-want to mass produce silk at Hirado from Japan= first industrialization in Japan100 years of Dutch only trade in JapanDutch threatened entire Japanese system when samuris partnered withDutch factory owners to learn western ways TERM 39
Southern Africa 1818
DEFINITION 39 Dutch took over Zulu land for farming-Zulu kingdom creates Swazi and Lesotho kingdom to fight Dutch TERM 40
Sokoto Caliphate
DEFINITION 40 powerful Muslim state in Western Africa in 1804
Islamic slave trade
Had to make trade profitable so they started the slave market on Zanzibar island-clove plantations-center of slaves and ivoryused slaves to kill elephants for ivory decorations for Europeans-used tribal weapons until the rifle was brought by EuropeansSold ivory for cheaper to get rifles and land TERM 47
British East India Co
DEFINITION 47 British arrived to India and found Portuguese posts so decided to move inland-found Maratha Confederation (hindu) TERM 48
Nawabs
DEFINITION 48 Past Hindu elites now under Muslim control that lead Maratha-paid taxes to Muslims TERM 49
Seepoys
DEFINITION 49 British trained India troop-British made a deal to take care of them and use land-created by Robert Clive TERM 50
Robert Clive
DEFINITION 50 Studied what was wrong with India to take advantage of them-decided to utilize discontent between Hindu and Muslims to have Hindu side with BritishThis secured land in India to make cotton plantations and open factoriesSaid if you work for British, you can move up the social caste
British raj (reign)
Indians started making a salary= economic development- people started owning private property-brought western ways/ new technology-administrative andsocial reform TERM 52
Rebellion of 1857-
DEFINITION 52 Hindu and Muslims work together to boycott Clive because they don't want to keep upgrading military equipment-want to stay with musket TERM 53
Political Reform and Industrial Impact on India
DEFINITION 53 1858= end of EICBritish claims India to send army and suppress them=colonization of India1877=Queen Victoria is Empress of India-brought capitalist model to India, no social class TERM 54
India civil service
DEFINITION 54 Exam open to everyone in London-only 5 Indis passed in 100 years TERM 55
Industrialization of India
DEFINITION 55 cholera outbreak, Brits helped India to get clean water and food
