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Introduction to Psychology: Key Terms and Concepts, Quizzes of Psychology

Lansing Community CollegePsychology

This description defines and explains key terms and concepts in psychology, including critical thinking, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, eclecticism, biological psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, culture, individualist culture, collectivist culture, psychiatrist, psychologist, goals of psychology, research methods, naturalistic observation, case studies, surveys, correlational studies, experiments, hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, confounding variable, random selection, random assignments, representative sample, correlation coefficient, measures of central tendency, neurons, glial cells, myelin, multiple sclerosis, dendrites, synapse, direction of information transmission within a neuron, action potential, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, endorphins, peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, somatic branch, autonomic branch, sympathetic branch, parasympathetic branch, medulla, cerebellum, thal

Typology: Quizzes

2012/2013

Uploaded on 09/26/2013

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TERM 1
Psychology
DEFINITION 1
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
TERM 2
Critical
Thinking
DEFINITION 2
Involves using well-supported evidence to make judgements
about claims made by others.
TERM 3
Structuralists
DEFINITION 3
Were interested in breaking consciousness down into its
parts. Wanted to know what consciousness is composed of.
TERM 4
How did Structuralist approach
consciousness?
DEFINITION 4
Introspection
TERM 5
Introspection
DEFINITION 5
Involves exposing a person to a stimulus and having them
describe their experience of that stimulus.
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Download Introduction to Psychology: Key Terms and Concepts and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

TERM 2

Critical

Thinking

DEFINITION 2

Involves using well-supported evidence to make judgements

about claims made by others.

TERM 3

Structuralists

DEFINITION 3

Were interested in breaking consciousness down into its

parts. Wanted to know what consciousness is composed of.

TERM 4

How did Structuralist approach

consciousness?

DEFINITION 4

Introspection

TERM 5

Introspection

DEFINITION 5

Involves exposing a person to a stimulus and having them

describe their experience of that stimulus.

Who founded the structuralist approach?

Wilhelm Wundt

TERM 7

Functionalist

DEFINITION 7

Were interested in identifying how consciousness serves to

help us adapt to our environment.

TERM 8

Freud and Psychoanalytic psychology suggest

about the importance of consciousness?

DEFINITION 8

That it's not the conscious that is important it's the

unconscious.

TERM 9

Behaviorists

DEFINITION 9

Focus on overt, observable behaviors that can be measured.

TERM 10

Who is one of the founders of Behavioral

Approach?

DEFINITION 10

John B. Watson

Social Psychologist

Interested in how people influence others and how they are

influenced by others.

TERM 17

Culture

DEFINITION 17

accumulation of values, rules of behavior, forms of

expression, religious beliefs, and occupational choices for a

group of people who share a common language and

environment.

TERM 18

Individualist culture

DEFINITION 18

a culture in which individual accomplishments are valued

over group accomplishments.

TERM 19

Collectivist Culture

DEFINITION 19

A culture in which group accomplishments are valued over

individual accomplishments.

TERM 20

Psychiatrist

DEFINITION 20

hold medical degrees and can prescribe medication

Psychologist

has completed a Ph. D in one of the areas of psychology

TERM 22

What are the 4 goals of

Psychology?

DEFINITION 22

Describe BehaviorPredict BehaviorExplain

BehaviorControl/Change Behavior

TERM 23

5 Major Tyeps of Research

Methods?

DEFINITION 23

Naturalistic ObservationCase StudiesSurveysCorrelational

StudiesExperiments

TERM 24

Naturalistic Obeservation

DEFINITION 24

Involves observing subjects in their natural environment

without interfering. It is often used when studying the

interactions of children or animals in their natural

environment.

TERM 25

Case Studies

DEFINITION 25

Are intensive studies of one subject. They are used when a

situation is rare or unusual. (multiple personalities)

Control Group

Either receives no treatment or receives a placebo.

TERM 32

Placebo

DEFINITION 32

Something that appears to be a treatment but has not active

ingredients

TERM 33

Hypothesis

DEFINITION 33

Is a statement describing what the researcher expects to fin

in a study. It is an educated guess.

TERM 34

Placebo Effect

DEFINITION 34

It is improvement that is created by a participant's

expectations that a treatment will work.

TERM 35

Independent Variable

DEFINITION 35

Variable that is manipulated. considered to be the cause.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured to determine whether it was

affected by the manipulation of the independent variable. It

is considered to be the effect.

TERM 37

Confounding Variable

DEFINITION 37

A variable is any factor other than the independent variable

that may affect the dependent variable.

TERM 38

Random Selection

DEFINITION 38

Involves selecting subjects for a study in a random manor.

Involves selecting in participants in such a way that all

members of the population being studied have an equal

chance of being studied.

TERM 39

Random

Assignments

DEFINITION 39

Involves using a random method such as flipping a coin in

order to assign subjects to the experimental and control

groups.

TERM 40

Representative Sample

DEFINITION 40

It is a sample of subjects that contains members of the

population for which you would like to draw conclusions.

3 measures of central

Tendency

Mean, median and mode

TERM 47

Neurons

DEFINITION 47

Are cells in the central nervous system that transmit

information

TERM 48

Glial Cells

DEFINITION 48

Provide structural support for neurons. they help repair

neural damage after injuries and they help clean up debris

following injury and produce myelin

TERM 49

Myelin

DEFINITION 49

Fatty substance that surrounds some axons. It insulate the

axons and increases the speed of conduction of an action

potential down the axon.

TERM 50

Multiple sclerosis

DEFINITION 50

Is a disease in which a person's body destroys its own myelin

Dendrites

receives signals from other neurons

TERM 52

Synapse

DEFINITION 52

is a gap between one neuron and neighboring neuron

TERM 53

Direction of information transmission within a

neuron

DEFINITION 53

starts at the dendrites, moves to the cell body, down the

axon to the axon terminal.

TERM 54

Action potential

DEFINITION 54

is a neural impulse that travels down the axon

TERM 55

Alzheimer's disease is associated with a

deficiency in what Neurotransmitter?

DEFINITION 55

Acetylcholine

Somatic

Branch

involved in interacting with the environment. It detects

sensory information from the environment and sends it to the

brain. it also carries messages from the brain through the

spinal cord to allow voluntary movement within the

environment.

TERM 62

Automatic

Branch

DEFINITION 62

Has the sympathetic branch and the parasympathetic

branch.

TERM 63

Sympathetic

Branch

DEFINITION 63

is responsible for the fight or flight response. it gets the body

ready to take action. It's activation results in an increase in

breathing and heart rate, increased blood flow to the large

muscles, etc.

TERM 64

Parasympathetic

Branch

DEFINITION 64

Associated with a relaxed state

TERM 65

Three main divisions of the brain?

DEFINITION 65

Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain

Medulla

Responsible for respiration (breathing) and heartbeat.

TERM 67

Reticular Activation System

DEFINITION 67

Responsible for level of alertness associated with sleep,

wakefulness, attention, consciousness.

TERM 68

Cerebellum

DEFINITION 68

Associated with physical coordination, balance, fine motor

movements.

TERM 69

Thalamus

DEFINITION 69

serves as a relay station for incoming sensory information.

Information from most of the senses passes through the

thalamus before being sent to the appropriate area of the

cortex for further processing

TERM 70

Hippocampus

DEFINITION 70

The area of the brain that is responsible for forming new

memories

Corpus Callosum

A thick band of axons that connect the left and right

hemispheres of the brain. It allows communication between

the two hemispheres.

TERM 77

Split brain surgery

DEFINITION 77

severing the corpus callosum for the purpose of preventing

the spread of seizures

TERM 78

Left side of the brain takes in...?

DEFINITION 78

Sensory information from the right side of the body and is

responsible for the movement of the right side of the body.

TERM 79

Right Side of the Brain takes in...?

DEFINITION 79

sensory information from the left side of the body and is

responsible for the movement of the left side of the body.

TERM 80

Contralaterality

DEFINITION 80

when left side is responsible for the movement for the right

side and the right side is responsible for the movement for

the left side.