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Introduction to Sociology
Exam 1 Review Guide
Key Terms and Concepts
You should be able to define, explain, and, where appropriate, give examples, of the following terms and concepts.
- Agency
- Structure
- Sociological Imagination
- Functionalism
- Conflict Theory
- Double Consciousness
- Macrosociology
- Microsociology
- Symbolic Interactionism
- Correlation
- Causation
- Spurious Correlation
- Validity
- Reliability
- Generalizability
- Quantitative Methods
- Qualitative Methods
- Variable
- Dependent Variable
- Independent Variable
- Experiment
- Survey
- Sample
- Interview
- Social Desirability Bias
- Participant Observation
- Hierarchy of Tastes
- Culture
- Ethnocentrism
- Cultural Relativism
- Material Culture
- Non-Material Culture
- Hegemony
- Socialization
- Self
- I
- Me
- Generalized Other
- Status
- Ascribed Status
- Achieved Status
- Role
- Role Conflict
- Role Strain
- Gender Roles
- Dramaturgical Theory
- Face
- Facework
- Backstage Behavior
- Frontstage Behavior
- Social Network
- Social Capital
- Primary Group
- Secondary Group
- Organization
- Institutional Isomorphism
- Organizational Culture
- Organizational Structure
- Social Order
- Collective Conscience
- Social Control
- Mechanical Solidarity
- Organic Solidarity
- Social Deviance
- Social Construct
- Implicit Bias
- Stigma
Central Theories
For each of the following theories, you should be able to identify the main views and the main theorist or theorists
associated with the theory.
- Functionalism
- Conflict Theory
- Symbolic Interactionism
- Dramaturgical Theory
- The Strength of Weak Ties
- The Normative Theory of Suicide
- Labeling Theory
Podcast Questions
For each podcast, you should be able to identify:
- The main idea
- How the podcast relates to course topics/concepts
- Key examples from the podcast that highlight links to course topics/content
Socialization
What does the socialization process look like? What kinds of socialization do people typically encounter? What are the most important agents of socialization? How does socialization reinforce stereotypes and inequalities? How can socializing agents work to resist stereotypes and inequalities?
Social Interaction
How does dramaturgical theory explain social interaction? How do people use facework to manage impressions? How is frontstage behavior different from backstage behavior? Why is impression management such an important part of social interaction? What can dramaturgical theory tell us about dating and relationships? How are the internet and social media changing norms of social interaction?
Groups, Networks, and Organizations
How do social networks contribute to social inequalities? What is the strength of weak ties? How do in-group and out-group members differ in their access to social capital? How do size and structure and function matter in social groups? How does institutional isomorphism affect the culture and structure of organizations?
Social Deviance
Why do societies try to exert social control over their members? What strategies can societies use to maintain the social order, and what can research tell us about the effectiveness of those strategies? How and why do incarceration rates vary across social contexts? What does it mean to say that deviance is a social construct? How can we tell that deviance is a social construct? How does implicit bias contribute to inequalities in policing and social control? How do sociologists explain deviant behavior?
