Name: ______________________________________

Eagle I.D. (last 4 digits)_________________________

Biol. 2108: Principles of Biology II

Spring 2012; February 9, 2012

Exam 1, D. Gleason

Peccaries (javalenas) are large, pig-like animals that

inhabit the American Southwest. In a study of a population

of 100 individuals, 4 of the peccaries are short haired (a

recessive trait), and the other 96 are long haired. Assume

that at the time of initial sampling this population is in Hardy

Weinberg Equilibrium. Using this information, answer

questions 1-3.

1. What is the frequency of the dominant allele in the

population described above?

A. 0.96

B. 64.00

C. 0.8

D. 0.2

E. none of the above

2. How many of the peccaries are heterozygous for the

hair length trait?

A. 16

B. 32

C. 0.16

D. 96

E. None of the above

3. The same population was reexamined after 40

generations and it had increased to 500 individuals. 20 of

the 500 peccaries were found to have short hair. Which of

the following statements is (are) supported by the data?

A. The population is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

B. Natural selection is acting to favor the short-haired

peccaries

C. Evolution has occurred in this population during the 40

generations

D. In 100 generations, the long-haired peccaries will be

even less represented than they are now.

E. directional selection has taken place.

4. Nucleic acids by themselves do not carry any genetic

information. However, if these nucleic acids are joined

together in a certain sequence they form genes that code

for certain traits. This is an example of

A. a genetic mutation.

B. an emergent property.

C. cell division.

D. eukaryotic diversity.

E. meiosis.

5. Which of these is a consequence of uniformitarianism

A. Earth is round, not flat

B. Populations evolve

C. Populations reproduce faster than their food supply

D. A creator made Earth

E. Earth is very old

6. Peccaries eat cacti, but prefer those with few spines.

Cacti that get eaten are less likely to reproduce. In addition,

insect parasites lay their eggs at the bases of cactus spines

where they hatch out and bore into the pulp to feed. The

parasites prefer cacti with many spines and infested cacti

rarely survive. Which of the following graphs depicts the

result of these selective forces?

A. B.

7. If these selective forces continue to work on the cactus

population, which of the following statements will be true?

A. variation in number of spines will decrease

B. number of spines will decrease

C. disruptive selection takes place

D. the cactus population will crash

E. none of the above

8. Which of the following is/are true about all living things?

A. They have a cell nucleus surrounded by a membrane.

B. They reproduce sexually.

C. There are made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

oxygen, phosphorus and uranium.

D. They are made of cells or cell products.

E. c and d

9. "Improving the intelligence of an adult through education

will result in that adult's descendants being born with a

greater native intelligence." This statement is an example

A. Darwinism.

B. Lamarckism.

C. uniformitarianism.

D. gradualism

E. Malthusianism.

10. Downy woodpecker young from broods (families) of

fewer than 4 eggs and more than 5 eggs have higher

survival rates than young from broods of 4 or 5. This is an

example of

A. stabilizing selection

B. a bottleneck

C. individual variation

D. disruptive selection

E. gene flow

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Name: ______________________________________ Eagle I.D. (last 4 digits)_________________________ Biol. 2108: Principles of Biology II Spring 2012; February 9, 2012 Exam 1, D. Gleason Peccaries (javalenas) are large, pig-like animals that inhabit the American Southwest. In a study of a population of 100 individuals, 4 of the peccaries are short haired (a recessive trait), and the other 96 are long haired. Assume that at the time of initial sampling this population is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. Using this information, answer questions 1-3.

What is the frequency of the dominant allele in the population described above? A. 0. B. 64. C. 0. D. 0. E. none of the above
How many of the peccaries are heterozygous for the hair length trait? A. 16 B. 32 C. 0. D. 96 E. None of the above
The same population was reexamined after 40 generations and it had increased to 500 individuals. 20 of the 500 peccaries were found to have short hair. Which of the following statements is (are) supported by the data? A. The population is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium B. Natural selection is acting to favor the short-haired peccaries C. Evolution has occurred in this population during the 40 generations D. In 100 generations, the long-haired peccaries will be even less represented than they are now. E. directional selection has taken place.
Nucleic acids by themselves do not carry any genetic information. However, if these nucleic acids are joined together in a certain sequence they form genes that code for certain traits. This is an example of A. a genetic mutation. B. an emergent property. C. cell division. D. eukaryotic diversity. E. meiosis.
Which of these is a consequence of uniformitarianism A. Earth is round, not flat B. Populations evolve C. Populations reproduce faster than their food supply D. A creator made Earth E. Earth is very old
1. Peccaries eat cacti, but prefer those with few spines. Cacti that get eaten are less likely to reproduce. In addition, insect parasites lay their eggs at the bases of cactus spines where they hatch out and bore into the pulp to feed. The parasites prefer cacti with many spines and infested cacti rarely survive. Which of the following graphs depicts the result of these selective forces? A. B. C.
2. If these selective forces continue to work on the cactus population, which of the following statements will be true? A. variation in number of spines will decrease B. number of spines will decrease C. disruptive selection takes place D. the cactus population will crash E. none of the above
3. Which of the following is/are true about all living things? A. They have a cell nucleus surrounded by a membrane. B. They reproduce sexually. C. There are made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen oxygen, phosphorus and uranium. D. They are made of cells or cell products. E. c and d
4. "Improving the intelligence of an adult through education will result in that adult's descendants being born with a greater native intelligence." This statement is an example of A. Darwinism. B. Lamarckism. C. uniformitarianism. D. gradualism E. Malthusianism.
5. Downy woodpecker young from broods (families) of fewer than 4 eggs and more than 5 eggs have higher survival rates than young from broods of 4 or 5. This is an example of A. stabilizing selection B. a bottleneck C. individual variation D. disruptive selection E. gene flow

Climate change causes a butterfly population to shrink from over 10,000 individuals to only 32. In subsequent generations, the butterfly population has a different allele frequency than it did before the range restriction. What has most likely occurred? A. a bottleneck B. founder effect C. gene flow D. A and B only E. A, B, and C
Which of the following people greatly influenced Charles Darwin’s thinking about natural selection? A. Hutton B. Mendel C. Aristotle D. Gleason
Fossil evidence indicates that horses have gradually increased in size over geologic time. This is an example of A. random selection B. directional selection C. stabilizing selection D. disruptive selection E. sexual selection
The unity and diversity of life is best explained by A. examining the five-kingdom system of classification. B. the cell theory. C. studying the interactions between organisms and their environments. D. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. E. variability observed in development of species.
Long ears is a recessive trait in hares. What is the genotype of a long-eared hare? A. Aa B. AA C. aa D. A E. a
Which of the following is/are true of species diversity on earth? A. Approximately 1.8 million species have been described B. 500 million species are present C. 10 million species have been described D. a and b
The fitness of an individual is best measured by A. how long it lives B. the number of offspring it produces that go on to reproduce C. the amount of stress it is able to endure D. the number of mates attracted to that individual E. a and b
Evolutionary change occurs at the level of A. populations B. individuals C. phenotypes D. all of the above E. A and C
1. The ease with which humans travel across the globe is likely to increase _____. A. natural selection B. gene flow C. mutation D. genetic drift E. All of the above
2. Imagine a species of bird in which females prefer to mate with brightly colored males. However, males with bright backs are more often preyed upon by hawks. Assuming that a wide variety of genetic variation exists in the species, which do you think is the most likely evolutionary outcome? A. Males will be selected to be brightly colored. B. Females will be selected to choose drab males. C. Males will be selected to have bright chests and dull backs. D. Females will not mate. E. The species will go extinct because the hawks catch all the males.
3. Darwin had initially expected the living plants of temperate South America to resemble those of temperate Europe, but he was surprised to find that they more closely resembled the plants of tropical South America. The biological explanation for this observation is most properly associated with the field of A. meteorology. B. embryology. C. vertebrate anatomy. D. bioengineering. E. biogeography.
4. In order for an organism to pass on a trait, that trait must be A. dominant B. environmental C. beneficial D. heritable E. more than one of the above
5. What role does population isolation play in evolution? A. it keeps organisms from breeding with close relatives B. it separates gene pools from one another and allows them to change gradually over time C. it causes organisms to mate more often D. it increases the size of populations E. it reduces the potential for genetic drift
6. 300 different species of cichlid fishes of all sizes, mouth shapes, and diets, are found in Lake Victoria in East Africa. All are thought to have evolved from a single ancestral species of cichlid fish that inhabited Lake Victoria many years ago. If the fish have evolved within the confines of the lake, which of the following is/are true statements? A. Changes in allele frequencies occurred over time. B. Reproductive isolation between fish subpopulations was required in order for speciation to occur C. This may be an example of sympatric speciation D. All of the above are true E. Two of the above are true

The wing of a bat is homologous to the ______ of a whale. A. Tail B. Blowhole C. Flipper D. Rib cage E. Baleen (structure in mouth that allows filtering of food)
Which of the events described below agrees with the idea of catastrophism? A. The gradual uplift of the Himalayas by the collision of the Australian crustal plate with the Eurasian crustal plate B. The formation of the Grand Canyon by the Colorado River over millions of years C. The gradual deposition of sediments many kilometers thick on the floors of seas and oceans D. The sudden demise of the dinosaurs, and various other groups, by the impact of a large extraterrestrial body with Earth E. The development of the Galapagos Islands from underwater seamounts over millions of years
Which of the following would be an example of macroevolution? A. evolution of antibiotic resistance in a strain of E. coli B. evolution of jawed fishes from jawless ancestors C. evolution of modern humans, Homo sapiens , from australopithecine (human-like) ancestors D. evolution of insecticide resistance in a species of insect pest treated through the years with DDT E. All of the above are examples of macroevolution.
According to the punctuated equilibria model, A. natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution. B. given enough time, most existing species will branch gradually into new species. C. most new species accumulate their unique features relatively rapidly as they come into existence, then change little for the rest of their duration as a species. D. most evolution occurs in sympatric populations. E. speciation is usually due to a single mutation.
Prezygotic barriers A. only occur in asexual organisms B. prevent fertilization from occurring between members of the same species with incompatible genes C. prevent donkeys and horses from mating D. prevent a hybrid zygote from developing into a viable fertile adult E. prevent fertilization of gametes from members of closely related species
Which of the following is the best example of gene flow? A. humans colonize a small, newly formed island B. an earthquake results in the formation of a canyon, splitting a population of toads apart C. all mutations in a population are neutral (i.e., have no effect) D. genes are shuffled by the recombination of alleles during sexual reproduction E. wind blows pollen from one population of plants to another and cross-fertilization occurs
1. What is the first thing that must happen in order for speciation to occur A. geographic separation of two populations must take place B. one of the populations must become polyploid C. gene flow between populations must be increased D. the populations must become reproductively isolated E. natural selection must take place
2. Intrasexual selection might result in A. pretty males and drab females B. males well-adapted to fighting with each other (i.e. antlers, strong necks) C. behavioral isolation D. large females and small males E. “good” genes present only in one sex Use the following options to answer the next four questions. For each description of reproductive isolation, select the option that best describes it. Options may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. gametic B. temporal C. behavioral D. habitat E. mechanical
3. two species of snails with shells that spiral in different directions; preventing genital opening alignment
4. two species of fruit fly that breed in different seasons
5. two species of sea horses with different courtship rituals
6. two species of garter snakes live in the same region, but one lives in water and the other lives on land
7. Which term describes a trait that increases an individual's ability to survive in a particular environment? A. adaptation B. heritability C. gene pool D. fitness E. phenotype

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Key

1. C

2. B

3. A

4. B

5. E

6. B

7. A

8. D

9. B

10. D

11. A

12. A

13. B

14. D

15. C

16. A

17. B

18. A

19. B

20. C

21. E

22. D

23. B

24. D

25. A

26. B

27. C

28. E

29. B

30. A

31. D

32. B

33. B

34. C

35. A

36. C

37. A

38. C

39. D

40. B

41. C

42. E

43. E

44. D

45. B

46. E

47. B

48. C

49. D

50. A