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Prokaryotes
A cell whose genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear envelope TERM 2
Binary Fission
DEFINITION 2 Prokaryotic cell reproduction by division into two daughter cells TERM 3
Eukaryotes
DEFINITION 3 A cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane enclosed nucleus TERM 4
Mitosis
DEFINITION 4 A eukaryotic cell replication process in which the chromosomes are duplicated, usually followed by division of the cytoplasm of the cell TERM 5
Capsule
DEFINITION 5 An outer, viscous covering on some bacteria composed of apolysaccharde or polypeptide
Phagocytosis
The ingestion of particles by eukaryotic cells TERM 7
Flagella
DEFINITION 7 A thin appendage from the surface of a cell; used for cellular locomotion TERM 8
Fimbriae
DEFINITION 8 An appendage on a bacterial cell used for attachment TERM 9
Pili
DEFINITION 9 An appendage on a bacterial cell used for conjugation and gliding mobillity TERM 10
Cell
Wall
DEFINITION 10 The outer covering of most bacterial, fungal, algal, and plant cells
Nucleoid
The region in a bacterial cell containing the chromosome TERM 17
Plasmids
DEFINITION 17 A small circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosome TERM 18
Ribosomes
DEFINITION 18 the site of protein synthesis in a cell, composed of RNA and protein TERM 19
Endospores
DEFINITION 19 A resting structure formed inside some bacteria TERM 20
Organelles
DEFINITION 20 A membrane enclosed structure within eukaryotic cells
Endosymbiotic Theory
A model for the evolution of eukaryotes which states that organelles arose from prokaryotic cells living inside a host prokaryote TERM 22
Metabolism
DEFINITION 22 The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell TERM 23
Catabolism
DEFINITION 23 All decomposition reactions in a living organism; the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones TERM 24
Anabolism
DEFINITION 24 All synthesis reactions in a living organism; the building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones TERM 25
Enzyme
DEFINITION 25 A molecule that catalyzes biochemical reactions in a living organism, usually a protein
Anaerobe
An organism that does not require molecular oxygen (O2) for growth TERM 32
Krebs Cycle
DEFINITION 32 A pathway that converts two carbon compounds to CO transferring electrons to NAD and other carriers TERM 33
Electron Transport System
DEFINITION 33 A series of compounds that transfer electrons from one compound to another, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation TERM 34
Photosynthesis
DEFINITION 34 The conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy; the light fueled synthesis of carbohydrate from carbon dioxide (CO2) TERM 35
Dichotomous Key
DEFINITION 35 An identification scheme based on successive paired questions; answering one question leads to another pair of questions, until an organism is identified
Photoautotroph
An organism that uses light as its energy source and carbon dioxide (CO2) as its carbon source TERM 37
Photoheterotroph
DEFINITION 37 An organism that uses light as its energy source and an organic carbon source TERM 38
Chemoautotroph
DEFINITION 38 An organism that uses an inorganic chemical as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source TERM 39
Chemoheterotroph
DEFINITION 39 An organism that uses organic molecules as a source of carbon and energy
