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Shoulder Joint Attachment to Axial Skeleton
By the clavical at the the Sternoclavicular Joint (SC) TERM 2
3 Bones of Shoulder Joint
DEFINITION 2 Scapula, Clavicle, and Humerus TERM 3
Scapular Landmarks
DEFINITION 3 Posterior: Subscapular Fossa, Spine of Scapula, Glenoid Cavity,Acromion Process Lateral: Coracoid Process, Lateral Border TERM 4
Humeral Landmarks
DEFINITION 4 Head, Greater/Lesser Tubercle, Deltoid Tuberosity TERM 5
Glenohumeral Joint
DEFINITION 5 Enarthrodial Joint (Ball-and-Socket)
Facia
Easiest way to knock a shoulder joint out. TERM 7
Gleno
Ligaments
DEFINITION 7 Have much laxity until extreme ranges of motion reached due to wide range of motion involved; stability sacraficed to gain mobility. TERM 8
Synovial
Membrane/Labrum/Bursa
DEFINITION 8 Fluid for Lubrication/ cartilage that cushions and increases surface area of humeral head=stability/layer of fat that prevents bone on bone contact. TERM 9
Scapulorhythm
DEFINITION 9 Upward Rotation assistant from Abduction 90-180 degrees; synergistic relationship. 2-1 for every 2 degrees of gleno you get 1 degree of scapula. TERM 10
Injuries of Gleno
DEFINITION 10 Due to anatomical design: laxity of ligaments, lack of strength/endurance, anterioinferior glenohumeral subluxations (falling down) and dislocations=most common
SJ Posterior Muscles
Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor TERM 17
Nerves
DEFINITION 17 Cervical and Brachial Plexus TERM 18
Glenohumeral Flexion
DEFINITION 18 Anterior Deltoid and Upper Pectoralis Major TERM 19
Gleno Extension
DEFINITION 19 Teres Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Lower Pectoralis Major TERM 20
Gleno ABduction
DEFINITION 20 Deltoid, Supraspinatus, and Upper Pec
Gleno ADduction
(Lat pull down) Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Lower Pec Major TERM 22
Gleno Internal Rotation
DEFINITION 22 (anteromedial attachment on humerus) Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Subscapularis, Pectoralis Major TERM 23
Gleno External Rotation
DEFINITION 23 (posterior on greater tubercle) Infraspinatus, Teres Minor TERM 24
Gleno Horizontal ABduction
DEFINITION 24 Posterior Deltoid, Middle Deltoid, Infraspinatus, and Teres Minor (Diagonal= Tricep Brachii Long Head) TERM 25
Gleno Horizontal ADduction
DEFINITION 25 Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Coracobrachialis (Diagonal= Bicep Brachii Short Head)
Elbow Motion
Motion b/w articular surfaces of humerus and ulna; ulna in trochlea groove gives elbow flexion TERM 32
Elbow Strongest
DEFINITION 32 At 0 degrees or full extension; gives maximum bone-on-bone contact; stability in flexion by radial collateral ligament and ulnar collateral ligament. TERM 33
UCL
DEFINITION 33 Ulnar Collateral Ligament-particulary crucial to high-velocity sporting activities (pitching) Tommy John-reconstruction using tendon grant. TERM 34
Radioulnar Joint
DEFINITION 34 Trochoid (pivot) joint- allows for pronation and supination; Syndesmosis= substantial rotary movement b/w the bones. TERM 35
Elbow Flexors
DEFINITION 35 (Bicep Curl) Bicep Brachii, Brachialis (intrinsic true flex), Brachioradalis,
Elbow Extension
(Push Up) Tricep Brachii, Anconeus (true extensor, intrinsic). TERM 37
Radioulnar Pronation
DEFINITION 37 Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus, Brachioradialis TERM 38
Radioulnar Supinators
DEFINITION 38 (Tighten a Screw) Bicep Brachii, Supinator, Brachioradials TERM 39
Tennis Elbow and Golfer's Elbow
DEFINITION 39 Involving Extensor Digitorum muscles near origin of lateral epicondyle; involving medial wrist flexor and pronator near origin of medial epicondyle TERM 40
Upper Body Aggregate
DEFINITION 40 Muslces working in pairs; agonist and antagonist muscles work in opposition of each other to perform motions
Kinetic Chain Concept
Bony segments linked together by series of joints; the links may be moved individually without affecting the other links(open) or if securely attached movement cannot occur without movement of other links (closed). TERM 47
Open Kinetic Chain
DEFINITION 47 If distal end of the extremity is NOT fixed to any surface; less predictable (shoulder shrugs, deltoid raise, bicep curls) (hip flexion, knee extension) TERM 48
Closed Kinetic Chain
DEFINITION 48 When distal end of extremity is fixed; strongly correlated to most physical activities; most predictive (push ups, dips, squats, dead lifts) TERM 49
Overload
Principle
DEFINITION 49 Muscle of muscle group increases in strength in direct proportion to the overload placed on it; becomes overtraining when you increase a part of FIT more than 5% a week. TERM 50
SAID
Principle
DEFINITION 50 Specific Adaptations Imposed Demands- the body's ability to adapt to various stresses and overloads it is subjected to; achieveing specific benefits need specific exercise programs (specificity)
Muscular Development
Start At Early Age; Fitness Test Show Where Improvement is Needed; Strength and Endurance needed For Daily Activities- Back Pain and other ailments could be avoided! TERM 52
Valsalva Maneuver
DEFINITION 52 holding breathe while bearing down to lift heavy weights; pushing against your epiglottis- can cause lightheadedness and fainting- want to inhale on eccentric and exhale on concentric TERM 53
Hip Joint
DEFINITION 53 Acetabular Femoral (Enarthrodial)- Stability based on 1) Bony Articulation(bone-on-bone contact) 2) Strong Ligaments=Less Laxity 3) Large Support Muscles (Function for Weight Bearing and Locomotion). TERM 54
Pelvic Girdle Bones
DEFINITION 54
- Illium-upper 2) Ishium-post/lower 3) Pubis-ant/lower 4) Sacrum TERM 55
Bony Landmarks
DEFINITION 55
- Patella- insertion for all 4 Quad muscles 2) Proximal Tibia or Fibula(Fib always Lateral)
Hip Flexion
Illiopsoas, Pectineus, Rectus Femoris, Sartorius (longest muscle) TERM 62
Hip ADduction
DEFINITION 62 Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Gracilis TERM 63
Hip Extension
DEFINITION 63 Gluteus Maximus, Bicep Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, External Rotators TERM 64
Hip ABduction
DEFINITION 64 Gluteus Medius, Gluetus Max, Gluteus Minimus,Tensor Fasciae Latae TERM 65
Iliac
Region
DEFINITION 65 Illacus, Psoas Major, Psoas Minor= Spinal Flexion, and Hip Flexion
Quads/Hamstring
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Lateralis/ Bicep Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus TERM 67
Nerves for Hip Joint
DEFINITION 67 Lumbosacral Plexus TERM 68
Knee Joint
DEFINITION 68 Largest Bone in Body- Very Complex- Hinge b/w Femur and Tibia TERM 69
Articulations
DEFINITION 69
- Femur 2. Patella 3. Tibia (Femoropatella-Slide Tibiopatella- Slide Tibiofemoral- Hinge) TERM 70
Fibula
DEFINITION 70 ALWAYS Lateral; Attachment for Knee Joint structure-no articulation in femur or patella.
ACL
Anterior Cruciate (crosses) Ligament: Most commonly injured, prevents anterior slipage, sits posterior to anterior. Injured by noncontact rotary forces TERM 77
PCL
DEFINITION 77 Posterior Cruciate Ligament: Not often injured, prevents posterior slipage, sits anterior to posterior. Injured by direct contact TERM 78
LCL
DEFINITION 78 Lateral (Fibular) Collateral (outside) Ligament: Infrequently injured TERM 79
MCL
DEFINITION 79 Medial (Tibial) Collateral Ligament: medial stability by preventing knee from ABducting; commonly injured in contact sports. TERM 80
Knee Can Perform Rotation
DEFINITION 80 When Knee is Flexed 30 degress: Internal and External Rotation
Screw Home
When knee approaches full extension tibia must externally rotate to achieve proper alignment of tibial and femoral condyles: During intial flexion to full extension knee "unlocks" by tibia rotating internally. TERM 82
Q Angle
DEFINITION 82 Central Line of Pull starts from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to center of patella. The line of pull from patella tendon runs from patella to center of tibial tuberosity; The intersection of 2 lines make the Q Angle. 15 degrees for males, 20 degrees for females. (Important to predetermine knee problems) TERM 83
Two-Joint Muscles
DEFINITION 83 (Biarticulate) Are able to extert greater force when lengthened than when shortened: Example= Sartorius becomes a better flexor at knee when pelvis is rotated posteriorly and stabilized by abdominal muscles (Football Kicker) TERM 84
Pes Anserinus
DEFINITION 84 Gracilis, Sartorius, and Semitendinosus joined together; attach around tibial tuberosity and assist with knee flexion and hip externally rotated. TERM 85
Knee Extension
DEFINITION 85 Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Lateralis
Hip External Rotation
Gluteus Max, Six Deep External Rotators
