Download Exam four | KIN 272 - Anatomy and Physiology II and more Quizzes Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Main respiratory system functions
gas exchange between air and blood move air to respiratory surfaces protection of respiratory surfaces provide sound for communication olfactory sense TERM 2
Respiratory
mucosa
DEFINITION 2 Goblet cells that secrete mucus and WBCs that eat small particles trapped in mucus. TERM 3
The bronchial tree
DEFINITION 3 Trachea divides into two primary bronchi, further divides into secondary then tertiary bronchi. Terminal bronchioles next, then respiratory bronchioles connect to alveoli. Trachea mostly cartilage, bronchioles mostly smooth muscle to control air flow TERM 4
Alveoli
DEFINITION 4 Made of SSE, function in gas exchange. Have Type I cells that protect, and are phagocytic. Type II cells are wider, secrete surfactant TERM 5
Surfactant
DEFINITION 5 sticky lining, keeps alveoli open at all times
Pleural Membrane components
Pleural cavity - one around each lung with a two-walled sac Parietal pleura - innermost, over the lung itself Visceral pleura - adheres to thoracic cavity, never touches lung Pleural fluid in between pleura decreases friction TERM 7
Boyle's law
DEFINITION 7 Pressure has an inverse relationship with volume. P = 1/v TERM 8
Air flow into lungs
DEFINITION 8 Pressure in the room needs to be greater than that of the lungs TERM 9
Ventilation
DEFINITION 9 Moving air in and out TERM 10
Steps of ventilation
DEFINITION 10 Contract the diaphragm, volume in the thoracic cavity with increase, pressure will decrease Relax the diaphragm, decrease volume in thoracic cavity and increase pressure. Air leaves
Tidal Volume
typical breath, alters with anything that stimulates sympathetic nervous system TERM 17
Total Lung Volume
DEFINITION 17 Functional capacity + residual volume TERM 18
Functional Capacity
DEFINITION 18 inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume TERM 19
Residual volume
DEFINITION 19 volume left after a deep breath TERM 20
Inspiratory reserve
volume
DEFINITION 20 amount one can inhale past TV
Expiratory reserve
volume
amount one can exhale past TV TERM 22
Dalton's law of partial
pressure
DEFINITION 22 In a total amount, each gas contributes independently to the total pressure of all the gases mixed together TERM 23
Atmosphere
DEFINITION 23 78.6% Nitrogen 20.9% Oxygen 0.46% Hydrogen 0.04% Carbon Dioxide Percents never change, what varies is the atmospheric pressure TERM 24
Respiration based on pressure of
gases
DEFINITION 24 PO2 of air is 160 mmHg, of alveoli is 104 mmHg, of veins 40 mmHg. Happens thru diffusion, concentration gradient!Diffusion at an altitude has less of a pressure difference, harder and slower to diffuse TERM 25
How is O2 transported in the body?
DEFINITION 25 98% bound to Hb 2% dissolved in plasma
Functions of the urinary system
disposal of metabolic wastes and ions regulation of blood volume production of enzyme renin production of erythropoietin conversion of vit D to an active form TERM 32
Filtration and Absorption in the kidney
DEFINITION 32 Filtration happens in the beginning of the capillary, it is hydrostatic pressure pushing water out Absorption happens at the end of the capillary, it is oncotic pressure pulling water in
