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Carbohydrates: An Introduction to Their Role as Preferred Energy Source in the Human Body, Summaries of Nutrition

University of Texas - Rio Grande ValleyNutrition

An in-depth exploration of carbohydrates, their role as the preferred energy source for many body functions, and their sources. Topics include monosaccharides, disaccharides, starch, fiber, and their relationship to health. Learn about the major sugars, the chemist's view of carbohydrates, and the importance of polysaccharides and monosaccharides in nutrition.

What you will learn

  • What are the major sources of carbohydrates and their health benefits?
  • What is the role of starch and fiber in the human body?
  • What are monosaccharides and disaccharides?

Typology: Summaries

2019/2020

Uploaded on 12/10/2022

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Garbohydrates
INTROPNOTIONN TO GAARBOOHYDRRATES Containstwoglucose
units
preferredenergy
sourceformanyof
body'sfunction producedwhenstarchbreaks
downduringdigestion
Humanbraindependsexclusively onit asenergysource Lactore Intolerance occursin
Carbohydraterichfoodsrecommendedforgood
health inabilityto
digest
lactoserome
ppl
after
infancy
Grainsvegetableslegumesfruitsand
milkoffer
ample
carbohydrate TABLE 31The MajorSugars
THEE
CHEMMISTVIEW
OFCARBOHYDRATES
INTRODUCTION
Dietary CARBOHYDRATES
sugarsstarchand
fiber
sugars
Monosaccharideswingle
sugars
Disaccharides 1
double
sugars
Starchand
fiber
polysaccharides POLYSACCHARIDES
Chains
of monosaccharideunits composed
almost
entirelyofglucose
1in
some
casesalsoother
monosaccharides
MONOSACCHARIDES Starchglycogenand
fibers
Glucose Majorpolysaccharidesinnutrition
mostcells
relyon
glucose
for
fuel Glycogenrtoredintheliver
and
muscles
Brainand
nervous
system
relyonitalmostexclusively starchobtained
from
plants
Obtainedfromcarbohydrates Fibersstructuralpartofplants
Bodymaintains glucose
blood
levelswithinlimit
that
allow Foundin allplant
derived
foods
for cellnourishment
Fructose
sweetestofsugars
naturallyoccurringinfruitshoneyandpart
of
table
sugar
alongwithglucose
the
most
commonmonosaccharides in
nature
Galactose
Primarily occursas
partoflactosemilk
sugar
Freedfromlactose
duringdigestion
DISACCHARIDES
Pairoflinked
ringle
sugars
sucrose lactoseandmaltose FIBERS
Alldisaccharides have
glucosearoneof
the
single
sugars Consistofpolysaccharides
combined
with asecond Digestiveenzymes cannotbreakbonds
furore somecanbe
digested
bybacteria
Whitesugar solublefibersreadilydissolve inwater
Enzymesbreak
down
intoglucose
andfructosecomponent formgetseasilydigestedbybacteriainlarge
intestine
Lactose Associated
with
lower
riskofchronic
diseases
Composed
of
glucose
and
galactose Inrowblefibersdo
not
dissolveinwater
principlecarbohydrateinmilk Aiddigestivesystem
by
easing
elimination
Maltose
plant
sugar

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Garbo

hydrates

INTROPNOTIONN

TO

GAARBOOHYDRRATES Contains

twoglucose

units

preferred energy

source

formanyof

body's function produced whenstarch breaksdown

during

digestion

Human braindepends exclusively onit as energy

source Lactore Intolerance

occurs in

Carbohydrate rich foods recommended forgoodhealth

inabilityto digest

lactose rome ppl afterinfancy

Grains vegetables legumes fruitsand milk

offer ample

carbohydrate

TABLE 3 1 The

Major

Sugars

THEE

CHEMMIST VIEWOF

CARBOHYDRATES

INTRODUCTION

Dietary CARBOHYDRATES

sugars

starch and

fiber

sugars

Monosaccharides winglesugars

Disaccharides

double sugars

Starch andfiber

polysaccharides POLYSACCHARIDES

Chains of

monosaccharide

units composed

almostentirely ofglucose

1in

somecasesalsoother

monosaccharides

MONOSACCHARIDES

Starch

glycogen and fibers

Glucose

Major

polysaccharides innutrition

mostcells relyon glucose for fuel Glycogenrtored intheliverand

muscles

Brain

and

nervoussystem

rely

onit almost

exclusively starch

obtained from plants

Obtained from

carbohydrates Fibers structural

part ofplants

Bodymaintains glucose

blood levels withinlimitthat allow Found in all plant

derivedfoods

for cell nourishment

Fructose

sweetest ofsugars

naturally occurring in

fruits

honeyand

partof table sugar

along with glucose the mostcommon

monosaccharides in

nature

Galactose

Primarily occurs as part of

lactose milk sugar

Freed

from

lactose duringdigestion

DISACCHARIDES

Pair

of linked ringlesugars

sucrose lactose

and

maltose

FIBERS

All

disaccharides haveglucose ar oneofthe single

sugars

Consist

of

polysaccharides

combined with a

second Digestiveenzymes cannot

break

bonds

furore somecanbedigestedby

bacteria

White sugar

soluble

fibersreadily

dissolve inwater

Enzymes breakdown into

glucoseand

fructose component form gets

easily

digested

by

bacteria in

large

intestine

Lactose Associated with lower riskof

chronic diseases

Composed ofglucoseand galactose Inrowble fibersdo not

dissolve inwater

principle carbohydrate in milk

Aiddigestive system by easing

elimination

Maltose

plant sugar