Download CNA/HHA Course Exam #1: Questions and Answers on Healthcare System and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Exam #1- CNA/HHA Course Questions &
Answers
The healthcare system - ANSWERSRefers to all the different kinds of providers, facilities and payers involved in delivering medical care Providers - ANSWERSAre people or organizations that provide health care, including doctors, nurses, clinics and agencies Facilities - ANSWERSPlaces where care is delivered or administered (Hospitals, long term care facilities) Payers - ANSWERSPeople or org. paying for the treatment (Medicare, Insurance companies) Long term Care Facilities (LTCF) - ANSWERSFor people who need 24-hour supervised nursing care. This type of car is given to people who need a high level of care for ongoing conditions. Length of stay in LTCF - ANSWERSMay be short, such as a few days or months or longer than six months. Some residents may have a terminal illness, others may recover and return to their homes. Most cases in LTCF are __________. - ANSWERSChronic. (Meaning they last a long period of time, even a lifetime. ) Chronic Conditions include: - ANSWERSPhysical disabilities, heart disease, stroke, dementia. People who live in LTCF are called ____________. - ANSWERSResidents Home Health Care - ANSWERSTakes place in a home of a patient. This care is given to older people who are ill but who are able to and wish to remain at home.
People who receive home care are often called ________. - ANSWERSClients Assisted Living Facilities - ANSWERSProvide some help with daily care (showers,meals, dressing, meds.) These people do not need skilled 24 hr care and they are relatively independent. This allows more independent living in a home like environment. Acute Care - ANSWERSGiven in hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers. It is for people who have an immediate illness. Acute care is 24 hr skilled care for temporary but serious illnesses or inquirers. Skilled Care - ANSWERSNecessary medical care given by a skilled nurses or therapist. Available 24 hrs a day. It is ordered by a doctor and involves a treatment plan. Subacute care - ANSWERSCan be given in a hospital or long term care facility. Given to people who have had an acute injury or illness or problem resulting from a disease. These patients need treatment that requires more care and observation than some long term care facilities can give and less care than acute illness's requires. Traditional insurance plans have risen greatly in cost, so many employers and employees now belong to __________________. - ANSWERSHealth Maintenance Organizations (HMO's) HMO'S - ANSWERSRequire that you use a particular doctor or group of doctors except in an emergency. Preferred provider organizations (PPO's) - ANSWERSAnother healthcare option used to reduce costs. A PPO is a network of providers that contract to provide health services to a group of people. (Any doc. of choice) HMO'S and PPO's effect the _________________. - ANSWERSThe amount and quality of health care provided. These cost control strategies are called: Managed Care ** Long term care facilities (LTCF's) provide all personal care called?: - ANSWERSActivities of daily living "ADL's" (Bathing, skin care, eating, wound care, therapy, care of catheters, management of chronic diseases) Almost 91% of residents in LTCF's are : - ANSWERSOver age of 65 Female Caucasian The groups of residents with the longest stay in LTCF's are: - ANSWERSThe developmentally disabled (under 65(
Members of the Health Care Team include the following; - ANSWERSRN, LPN, MD, Therapist (PT), Occupational terapist (OT), Speech lang. pathologist (SLP), Registered Dietitian (RD), Med social worker (MSW), Activities director, Resident/Res Family Nursing Assistant (NA) or CNA - ANSWERSPerforms delegated tasks such as vital signs, routine personal care. They act as the eyes and ears of residents. Occupational Therapist (OT) - ANSWERSHelps residents learn to compensate for disabilities Helps residents perform ADL's (Activities of daily living) by involving equipment called "Assistive" or "Adaptive devices" Medical Social Worker (MSW) - ANSWERSHelps find residents needs and helps them get support services. Charting - ANSWERSImportant task performed by CNA. Involves writing down important info about the resident CNA's must be: - ANSWERSCompassionate, empathy, sympathy, tactful, conscientious, dependable, tolerant Compassionate - ANSWERSBeing caring, concerned, considerate, empathetic and understanding. Empathy - ANSWERSMeans entering into the feelings of others Sympathy - ANSWERSMeans sharing in the feelings of others. Tactful - ANSWERSTact is the ability to understand what is proper and appropriate when dealing with others. Conscientious - ANSWERSAlways try to do their best. Sense of right and wrong. Chain of command - ANSWERSThe line of authority and helps to make sure that your patient gets proper health care & Also protects you and your employer from liability. Scope of Practice - ANSWERSThe things you are allowed to do and how to do them correctly. Care Plan - ANSWERSLists the steps and tasks the care team, must perform. Should include input from resident, families and healthcare professionals. Factors considered when formulating care plan - ANSWERS-Residents health and physical condition
-Diagnosis & treatment -Residents goals & expectations To communicate with other care team members, nurses use the _______________. - ANSWERSNursing process (Includes 5 steps) Step 1- - ANSWERSAssessment Getting info about resident from diff. sources including medical history, physical assessment Step 2- - ANSWERSDiagnosis Step 3- - ANSWERSPlanning Step 4- - ANSWERSImplementation Putting plan into action Step 5- - ANSWERSEvaluation To see if goals are being met "Five rights of delegation" - ANSWERSRight task Right circumstance Right Person Right direction/Communication Right supervision, evaluation _____ and _____ guide our behavior. - ANSWERSEthics and laws Ethics - ANSWERSKnowledge of right and wrong Laws - ANSWERSUsually based on ethics. Governments establish laws to help people live peacefully together and to ensure order & safety. What does ethics & laws do for people in the healthcare? - ANSWERSProtect people receiving care and guide people giving care Many associations, org., and companies have created their own "_______" for their members or employees to follow - ANSWERS"Code of ethics" Due to reports of poor care and abuse in long term care facilities, the US government passed the "__________" - ANSWERSOmnibus budget reconciliation Act (OBRA) OBRA - ANSWERSSet minimum standards for NA training (at least 75 hrs) and pass competency evaluation. Requires that states keep a current list of NA in state registry
Active neglect - ANSWERSPurposely harming a Person by failing to provide needed care Passive neglect - ANSWERSUnintentionally harming a person physically, mentally or emotionally by failing to provide needed care Negligence - ANSWERSMeans actions or the failure to act or provide the proper care for a resident, that in result caused unintended Injury Malpractice - ANSWERSOccurs when a person is injured due to professional misconduct through carelessness Abuse - ANSWERSPurposely causing physical, mental or emotional pain to someone Physical abuse - ANSWERSCauses harm to persons body Psychological abuse - ANSWERSEmotionally harming a person Assault - ANSWERSThreatening to touch a person without their permission Battery - ANSWERSA person is actually touched without his/her permission Involuntary seclusion - ANSWERSSeparating a person from others against their will NA's must follow the _____ when reporting abuse. - ANSWERSChain of command Mandated reporters - ANSWERSPeople who are legally required to report suspected or observed neglect because they have regular contact with them If a NA is accused of a using a resident, what will happen? - ANSWERSThe facility will investigate according to its policies. If they determine it has occurred a report must be made to the nurse aid training competency evaluation program. The NATCEP will investigate and decide what to do. If NATCEP places the nursing assistant on the abuse registry,_________. - ANSWERSThe NA will not be allowed to work in a cerified nursing facility Ombudsman - ANSWERSAssigned by law as the legal advocate for residents To respect _______ means to keep private things private - ANSWERSConfidentiality Health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA) - ANSWERSHelps keep health info private and secure. Under this law, a persons health info MUST be kept private. It is called "protected health info. (PHI)"
If you do not follow HIPAA Laws, what can happen? - ANSWERSFines Prison The patient self determination act (PSDA) - ANSWERSTo give adults during admission info about their rights relating to advance directives. Advance directives - ANSWERSLegal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they can't make those decisions for themselves. Can also give the power to someone else Living will - ANSWERSStates the medical care a person wants in case they become unable to make those decisions themselves Durable power or attorney for health care - ANSWERSSigned, dated and witnessed paper that appointments someone else to make the medical decisions for a person in the even they can no longer make them People communicate in many ways, what are they? - ANSWERSWords Signs Signals Drawing Pictures Nonverbal communication - ANSWERSSay we communicate without using words (shrugging solders, shaking head) (Body Lang.) Cultural diversity - ANSWERSHas to do with the different groups of people with varied backgrounds and experiences living together in the world. Positive responses to cultural diversity include acceptance and knowledge Bias - ANSWERSPrejudice Communication can be blocked in many ways - ANSWERSPatient doesn't hear correctly or understand Resident is difficult to understand Message uses words receiver doesn't understand Using slang Avoid using cliches Asking why makes resident defensive
c - ANSWERSWith C - ANSWERSCelsius degree C/o - ANSWERSComplains of CHF - ANSWERSCongestive heart failure CPR - ANSWERSCardiopulmonary resuscitation DNR - ANSWERSDo not resuscitate DX - ANSWERSDiagnosis F - ANSWERSFahrenheit degree FBS - ANSWERSFasting blood pressure Ft - ANSWERSFoot FWB - ANSWERSFull weight bearing GI - ANSWERSGastrointestinal hr. - ANSWERSHour Hs - ANSWERSHours sleep I&Q - ANSWERSIntake and output NKDA - ANSWERSNo known drug allergies NPO - ANSWERSNothing by mouth NWB - ANSWERSNo weight bearing (no weight on legs) OOB - ANSWERSOut of bed P - ANSWERSPulse p - ANSWERSAfter P.c - ANSWERSAfter meals Po - ANSWERSBy mouth
PRN - ANSWERSAs necessary PWB - ANSWERSPartial weight bearing Q - ANSWERSevery R - ANSWERSRespirations ROM - ANSWERSRange of motion s - ANSWERSwithout SOB - ANSWERSShortness of breath stat - ANSWERSat once tid - ANSWERSthree times a day TPR - ANSWERSTemp.,pulse,respiration VS,vs - ANSWERSvital signs w/c - ANSWERSwheelchair Following an oral report, document: - ANSWERSWhen, why, about what, and to whom an oral report was given ________ is the key to care planning. - ANSWERSDocumenting accurately Information found in medical chart includes the following: - ANSWERS-Admission sheet, medical history, docs orders, progress notes, test results, graphic sheet, nurses notes, flow sheet(adls) When documenting patients information: - ANSWERS-Be as brief as possible -facts not opinions -write your notes immediately after care was given -if you make a mistake, draw one line through it. Military time - ANSWERSMidnight is 00 -minutes and seconds are written the same. say if it is three o clock. the time would be written as 1500 hours Minimum data set - ANSWERSAn assessment tool to give facilities structure. The MDS manual offers a detailed guide to help nurses complete assessments accurately.
_________ is a natural emotion that has many causes such as disease, fear, pain and loneliness. - ANSWERSAnger Infection control - ANSWERSthe term for measures practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of diseases. Microorganism - ANSWERSA living thing or organism that is so small it can only be seen through a microscope also known as a "microbe" Infections - ANSWERSoccur when harmful microorganisms, called pathogens invade the body and multiply. ________ are always present in the environment. They are on almost everything we touch. - ANSWERSMicroorganisms There are two types of infections called : - ANSWERSSystemic infection localized infection Systemic infection - ANSWERSis in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body. causes general symptoms(fever, chills, mental confusion) Localized infection - ANSWERSConfined to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) - ANSWERSInfections that patients acquire within healthcare settings from treatment for other conditions Medical asepsis - ANSWERSProcess of removing pathogens, or the state of being free of pathogens. It refers to the clean conditions you want to create in your facility and is used in all healthcare settings. Surgical asepsis - ANSWERSState of being free of all microorganisms, not just pathogens. "Sterile technique" Chain of infection` - ANSWERSIs a way of describing how disease is transmitted from one living being to another Link 1 (Causative agent) - ANSWERSa pathogen or microorganism that causes disease Link 2 (A reservoir) - ANSWERSA place where the pathogens lives and grows. Link 3 (Portal of exit) - ANSWERSAny body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave (nose, mouth, eyes, cut)
Link 4 (mode of transmission) - ANSWERSHow the pathogen travels from one person to the next. Direct contact indirect condtact Link 5 (Portal of entry) - ANSWERSAny body opening on a uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter. Mucous membranes - ANSWERSThe membranes that line body cavities (mouth eyes nose rectum genitals) Susceptible host - ANSWERSUninfected person who could get sick Transmission - ANSWERSPassage or transfer Infectioius - ANSWERSContagious The _________ are at a higher risk for infection. - ANSWERSElderly Due to weakened immune system as a result of aging. Because the elderly are hospitalized more often than younger people, this : - ANSWERSMakes them more likely to get healthcare associated infections. Infection is more dangerous for the __________ bc even a simple cold can turn into a life threatening illness. - ANSWERSElderly There are two tiers of precautions within the infection control system: ____________ and ____________. - ANSWERSStandard precautions & transmission based (isolation) Standard precautions - ANSWERSMeans to treat all blood, body fluids, non intact skin, mucous membranes, as if they were infected with an infectious disease. Under standar precautions, body fluids include: - ANSWERSSaliva, sputum (mucus coughed up), urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus, would drainage Antimicrobial agent - ANSWERSdestroys or resists pathogens Personal Protective equipment (PPE) - ANSWERSIncludes: gloves, gowns, masks, goggles, face shields When applying PPE, what is the order you apply it. - ANSWERS1. Apply gown
- Mask 3.Goggles 4.Gloves
The most common types of hepatitis are - ANSWERSABC Hep. A - ANSWERSresult of fecal oral contamination Hep.B - ANSWERSThrough blood or needles , sex hEP c - ANSWERSblood, possibly sex. Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) - ANSWERSFed. government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job. Made the Blood borne pathogens standarD Blood borne pathogens standard - ANSWERSThis law requires that healthcare facilities protect employees from blood borne health hazards. Turberculosis - ANSWERSor TB. Is an airborne disease carried on a small mucous droplet suspended in the air. Can be transmitted by coughing, sneezing, breathing Infects the lungs There are two types of TB- - ANSWERSLatent TB (TB infection) Active TB (TB Disease) Latent TB - ANSWERSCarries the disease but doesn't show symptoms and can't infect others Active TB - ANSWERSShows symptoms and can spread to others Multidrug resistant TB - ANSWERSCan be caused when someone with Active TB doesn't take all the prescribed meds Phlegm - ANSWERSThick mucus from the respiratory passage Multidrug resistant organisms - ANSWERSMicroorganisms, mainly bacteria, that is resistant to antimicrobial agents. Common MDROs are - MRSA (found in gyms) MRSA is almost always spread though: - ANSWERSDirect physical contact, not though air Elderly people have more safety concerns due to : - ANSWERSDementia, confusion, illness, disability and diminished senses
Paralysis - ANSWERSthe loss of ability to move all or part of the body, often includes loss of feeling in the affected area. The majority of accidents that occur in a facility are ______. - ANSWERSFalls What are one of the most common types of fractures caused by falls? - ANSWERSHip fractures (very dangerous for elderly, can cause health problems, even death) Disorientation - ANSWERSConfusion about person, place or time Burns can be caused by: - ANSWERSDry heat wet heat chemicals Who are at the greatest risk for burns? - ANSWERSSmall children, adults, or people with loss of sensation due to paralysis Scalds - ANSWERSBurns caused by hot liquids What should you always due before performing care to a patient? - ANSWERSIdentify the patient Cuts or abrasions typically occur in the _____ at a facility or in the ____ at home. - ANSWERSBathroom kitchen Abrasion - ANSWERSInjury which rubs off surface of the skin What are nursing assistants not aloud to do involving oxygen? - ANSWERSNever stop, adjust or administer oxygen Oxygen itself does not burn, it merely supports _______. - ANSWERSCombustion Combustion - ANSWERSThe process of burning OSHA requires that all hazardous chemicals must have a ______________. - ANSWERSMaterial safety data sheet Restraint - ANSWERSPhysical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior. Physical Restraints - ANSWERSPostural supports, protective devices Chemical Restraints - ANSWERSMedications used to control a persons behavior
In case of a fire, use RACE - ANSWERSR-Remove residents from danger A-Activate 911 C-Contain fire if possible E-Extinguish Name medical emergencies : - ANSWERSHeart attacks, strokes, diabetic emergencies, chocking, automobile accidents, gunshot wounds Conscious - ANSWERSBeing mentally alert and having awareness of surroundings, sensations and thoughts Implied consent - ANSWERSWhen someone who is unable to give consent for treatment due to being unconscious or a parent not being near for a child Once the emergency is over, ________. - ANSWERSComplete an incident report First aid - ANSWERSEmergency care given immediately to an injured person CPR - ANSWERSCardiopulmonary resuscitation - refers to medical procedures used when a persons heart or lunches have stopped working A person can die within ____ of the heart or lungs stopping. Brain damage can occur within ____ minutes. - ANSWERS 6 AED - ANSWERSAutomated external defibrillator - checks a persons heart rhythm and makes a shock Obstructed airway - ANSWERSWhen something is blocking the tube through which air enters the lungs Abdominal thrusts - ANSWERSMethod of attempting to remove an o next from the airway of someone who is choking. These thrusts work to remove the blockage upwards, out of the throat Shock - ANSWERSOccurs when Otha's and tissues in the body do not recover an adequate blood supply. Bleeding, heart attack severe infection and falling blood pressure can lead to shock, shock can become worst it person is scared Signs of shock - ANSWERSPale or blue skin, increased pulse, respiration rates, low blood pressure, entreme thirst When a person is in shock, what do u do - ANSWERSLie them on their back and elevate their feet, unless they have head or abdominal injuries, breathing difficulties, or fractured bones or back
Heart attack - ANSWERSMyocardial infarction (MI) occurs when the heart muscle itself does not receive oxygen because blood vessels are blocked Pain of heart attack is a crushing, pressing squeezing piercing pain in the chest that can go down the left arm What do some states allow NA's to do if someone is having a heart attack? - ANSWERSGive heart medication Three types of burns? - ANSWERSFirst degree Second degree Third degree First degree burn - ANSWERSInvolves just the outer layer of skin- skin can be red painful or swollen Second degree burn - ANSWERSExtend from the putter layer of skin to the next deeper layer of skin. Skin is red swollen and blisters occur Third degree burns - ANSWERSAll three layers of the skin are involved. May enters to the bone. Skin is shiny and appears hard Fainting - ANSWERSAlso called syncope. Results from decreased blood flow to the brain, causing loss of consciousness Epistaxis - ANSWERSNose bleed Can occur when air is dry or injury Insulin reaction - ANSWERSHypoglycemia Can result from either too much insulin or too little food Lump of sugar, candy or orange juice should be consumed right away Hunger weakness rapid pulse Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANSWERSHyperglycemia, diabetic coma Caused from too little insulin Fruity breath, abdominal pain, deep breathing Main goal of care giver during a seizure is what? - ANSWERSMake sure resident is safe
