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5 Pillars of Islam
The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic acts in Islam, considered obligatory by Sunni Muslims.1. Allah alone is God (Shahada)2. Prayer 5 times per day (Salat)3. Alms for the weak and the poor (Zakat)4. Fasting during Ramadan (Saum)5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) TERM 2
Ahimsa
DEFINITION 2 Ahimsa is a term meaning to do no harm (literally: the avoidance of violence - himsa). TERM 3
Arius
DEFINITION 3 Bishop who said that Jesus was a created being. Involves in 4th century controversy of Nicene Creed. Arius (, AD 250 or 256- 336) was a Christian presbyter in Alexandria, Egypt of Libyan origins. TERM 4
Al-Andalus
DEFINITION 4 Muslim Spain. Prince Abd-Al-Rahman fled to Morroco with family and established Al-Andalus. An avenue, or pathway for Arabic learning. TERM 5
Asceticism
DEFINITION 5 Asceticism describes a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various sorts of worldly pleasures often with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals.
Ashoka
Greatest Indian Emperor. TERM 7
Athanasius
DEFINITION 7 Opponent of Arius. Champion of Nicene Orthodoxy. Letter in 367, wrote first 27 books of Christianity. TERM 8
Buddhism
DEFINITION 8 Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha (Pli/Sanskrit "the awakened one"). No fixed hierarchies, no priests. Discontent with caste system. TERM 9
Byzantine Empire
DEFINITION 9 After the fall of Rome. The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. TERM 10
Caesaropapism
DEFINITION 10 Caesaropapism form of rule combining the power of secular government with, or making it superior to, the spiritual authority of the Church; especially concerning the connection of the Church with government.
Dharma
(Hinduism) Duty in life based on caste, in which you were born. TERM 17
Eight Fold Path
DEFINITION 17 The Noble Eightfold Path, is one of the principal teachings of the Buddha, who described it as the way leading to the cessation of suffering (dukkha) and the achievement of self- awakening.-Right Views, right resolve-Right speech, right conduct-Right likelihood, right effort-Right mindfulness, right concentration TERM 18
Elite Conversion
DEFINITION 18 "Elite" being the main motivation for conversion, economical as well. TERM 19
Four Noble Truths
DEFINITION 19 The Four Noble Truths are an important principle in Buddhism, classically taught by the Buddha in the Dharmacakra Pravartana Stra.-All life is suffering-Desires cause suffering-Suffering can be avoided by not desiring- Suffering is stopped by meditation and 8 fold path TERM 20
Four
Sights
DEFINITION 20 The four sights were specific observations made by Prince Siddhrtha, which led to a realization. Before this, he had been confined to his palace by his father, who feared that he would become an ascetic if he came into contact with sufferings of life according to a prediction. However, on his first venture out of the palace with his charioteer Channa, he observed four sights; an old man, a sick man, a corpse and an ascetic (monk). These observations affected him deeply and made him realize the sufferings of all beings, and compelled him to begin his spiritual journey which led into his enlightenment.
Gnostics/Gnosticism
Gnosis (knowledge), diverse group, believed that anything physical was evil. Ev (the one) TERM 22
Hadiths
DEFINITION 22 Source of Islamic law. Traditions about sayings and action of Muhammad. The term Hadth (plural: hadith, hadiths, or ahadith) is used to denote a saying, act or tacit approval either validly or invalidly ascribed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. TERM 23
Henotheism
DEFINITION 23 Henotheism is the belief and worship of a single god while accepting the existence or possible existence of other deities who may also be worthy of praise. TERM 24
Ibn Battuta
DEFINITION 24 Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta, or simply Ibn Battuta, also known as Shams ad-Din (February 25, 1304-1368 or 1369), was a Moroccan Berber Islamic traveller known for his fascinating travels published in the Rihla (literally, "The Journey Travels Silk Road and trade routes writing about different practices of Islam. TERM 25
Jainism
DEFINITION 25 Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non- violence towards all living beings. 800 B.C. People began to look more at Vedas. Began to inlcorporate more dravidian ideas. Decendents of Hinduism. No harm to living things not many poeple practiced.
Marcion
Born in 100 AD wrote 11 books in 140 AD. Was exiled because he rejected Judaism. Hated Jews. Came up with god the stranger, thought that old testament is mean and vindictive. Founds marcionites TERM 32
Mecca
DEFINITION 32 oasis city. The sacred place where Muhammed got revelaions from Gabrielle TERM 33
Moksha
DEFINITION 33 Release of cycle of life, acheived through following the 8 fold path. TERM 34
Monasticism
DEFINITION 34 Monasticism is a religious way of life characterized by the practice of renouncing worldly pursuits to fully devote one's self to spiritual work. TERM 35
Monolatry
DEFINITION 35 Monolatrism or monolatry = single, and (latreia) = worship) is the recognition of the existence of many gods, but with the consistent worship of only one deity.
Monotheism
Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one and only one god. TERM 37
Muhammed
DEFINITION 37 Muhammad ( or ; , ' ; 26 April 570- 8 June 632; Monday, 12th Rabi' al-Awwal, Year 11 A.H.; also transliterated Mohammed or ), sometimes called Muhammad ibn Abdullah, was the founder of the religion of Islam, and is considered by Muslims to be a messenger and prophet of God, the last law-bearer in a series of Islamic prophets, and, by most Muslims, the last prophet of God as taught by the Quran. Adopted by his uncle, marries at 25 Cadeja, all sons die daughters live TERM 38
Nicene Creed
DEFINITION 38 4th Century, ordered by Constantine, for all bishops to come together and create what christianity really is. (only one god, jesus christ is his son)The Nicene Creed is the creed or profession of faith (Greek: ) that is most widely used in Christian liturgy. TERM 39
Pali Canon
DEFINITION 39 The Pali Canon is the standard collection of scriptures in the Theravada Buddhist tradition, as preserved in the Pli language. TERM 40
Polytheism
DEFINITION 40 Multiple dietied though not always in equal fashion. Polytheism is the belief of multiple deities also usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses, along with their own mythologies and rituals.
Silk Roads
The Silk Road or Silk Route refers to a network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa. TERM 47
Sunni
DEFINITION 47 Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam. Leadership (imam) chosen by consensus. Majority of current islamic pop (85%) TERM 48
Syncretism
DEFINITION 48 Syncretism is the combining of different beliefs, often while melding practices of various schools of thought. Cultural accommodations of culturevalues. TERM 49
Torah
DEFINITION 49 The book of the Jewish faith, written predominantly in Biblical Hebrew with a few instances of Biblical Aramaic, is the entirety of Judaism's founding legal and ethical religious texts. TERM 50
Tribal Religion
DEFINITION 50 Folk religion consists of ethnic or regional religious customs under the umbrella of an organized religion, but outside of official doctrine and practices. By birth, Hinduism, Judaism
Universal religion
Everyone follows teachings, conversion, afterlife accessable to everyone. Message for all humanity, means of universal salvation.Christianity, TERM 52
Umma
DEFINITION 52 The just and moral society of Islam. Community of all believers, replacing tgribal, ethnic, or racial identities. TERM 53
Vedas
DEFINITION 53 Widely recognized sacred texts. Compiled by priests, transmitted orally for centuries, reduced to writing in sanskrit in 600 BCEThe Vedas are a large body of texts originating in ancient India. TERM 54
Caesaropapism---Caliph
DEFINITION 54 Caesaropapism is the rule combining the power of secular government with, or making it superior to, the spiritual authority of the Church. especially concerning the connection of the Church with government. Started during Byzantine Empire. Means Successor. Creates teachings of Muhammad. (Abu Bakr, and Uthman) The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah These are linked together because the termsin both cases means ruler, but they both also involve the ruler being over the church, and religious affairs. TERM 55
Nicene Creed---Hadiths
DEFINITION 55 Nicene Creed was created in the 4th Century, ordered by Constantine, for all bishops to come together anddetermine what christianity really is. (only one god, jesus christ is his son)The Nicene Creed is the creed or profession of faith (Greek: ) that is most widely used in Christian liturgy. Hadiths are the source of Islamic law. Traditions about sayings and action of Muhammad. Both the Nicene Creed and the Hadiths were beliefs and ways of living; Nicene CreedforChristian people, and Hadiths for Islamic people.
Tribal Religion---Universal Religion
Folk religion consists of ethnic or regional religious customs under the umbrella of an organized religion, but outside of official doctrine and practices. By birth, Hinduism, Judaism Everyone follows teachings, conversion, afterlife accessable to everyone. Message for all humanity, means of universal salvation.Christianity, These two terms are opposite each other. Tribal religions are specifically for certian groups of people, but Universal Religions are for everyone. Tribal Religions have members from birth, Universal Religions have members from conversion.
