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Study Questions with Answers for Exam.
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Introduction to Biomechanics –
1. Define Biomechanics. Biomechanics – the mechanical principles involved in the study of living things. Preferred textbook definition – science concerned with internal and external forces and the effect these forces produce. 2. List 5 professional groups who benefit from a knowledge of Biomechanics - P.E teachers - Physiotherapists - Sports trainer / coaches - Podiatrist - Fitness instructors 3. Define and explain Quantitative Analysis in biomechanics Uses a numerical analysis of the movement. - Uses numbers to describe - Is most applicable to clinicians, coaches and teachers 4. Define and explain Qualitative Analysis in biomechanics Using descriptive language to explain what that movement was like. - Non-numerical description - General and / or detailed - Is most applicable to researchers and coaches 5. Explain the difference (using examples) between Kinematics and Kinetics in Biomechanics. Kinematics is the study of the description of motion – refers to understanding how something is moving. Examples include: - How far? - How fast? - Is it speeding up or slowing down? - What range is it moving through?
Kinetics is the study of the action of forces that tell us why the object is moving the way that it is.
6. List the SI units for each of the following quantities: length, mass, time & temperature. Length – metre (m) Mass – kilograms (kg) Time – seconds (s) Temperature – degrees Kelvin (K) 7. Define Linear Motion and provide two examples. Linear Motion (also referred to as Translation ) – motion in a straight or curved line. - Example includes moving your body from one spot to another in a straight line. Pure Linear Motion – all parts of body move same distance, in same direction, simultaneously. 8. How many types of Linear Motion are there? - Rectilinear – moving in a straight line - Curvilinear – moving in a curved line 9. Define Angular Motion and provide two examples. Angular Motion (also referred to as Rotation) – body moves in circular path about axis of rotation so all body parts move through same angle, in same direction, simultaneously. 10. Define General Motion and provide two examples. General Motion – like most human movements, we use a complex combination of both linear and angular motion. 11. Which type of motion (Linear, Angular or general) is most common in human movement? General Motion 12. Describe the anatomical position. Anatomical Reference Position - standing erect, arms by side, palms facing forward, feet slightly apart. 13. Why is a standard anatomical position used in biomechanics? Helps to describe position and keeps a standardised model to research and work from.
Weight Force is force due to gravity
Vector Algebra –
18. Explain the difference between Scalar and Vector quantities and provide examples for each. Scaler quantity is defined as magnitude only (how big something is) and is measured in: - Mass, volume, time, speed and/or energy Vector quantity is defined by both magnitude and direction and is measured in: - Displacement, velocity, force, momentum, torque, weight 19. Why are arrows useful for representing vector quantities? To represent the direction in which the vector is moving. 20. When two or more vectors of the same quantity are added together, what can be calculated? The resultant vector 21. Describe the process of adding vectors to find the resultant vector. The ‘tip to tail method’ used: - Adding vectors – join tail of next vector to tip of previous vector - Drawing resultant – resultant vector always points from tail of first vector to head of last 22. Is the order of adding vectors together important when calculating the resultant? The order of adding vectors makes no difference to the resultant. 23. What is Vector Resolution? Vector resolution is determining the perpendicular components of a vector quantity relative to a plane or structure. 24. Pythagoras’ theorem states what? The square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Sin = Opposite / Hypotenuse Cos = Adjacent / Hypotenuse Tan = Opposite / Adjacent