Study Questions on Iliad 4–6
1. The wounding of Menelaus by Pandarus raises questions about fate. Could the single combat
have ended the war? If not, how do you describe the mechanism behind Pandarus’ actions? In
other words, how should we imagine the interference of the divine actually working? Note the
description of Pandarus’ death in book five: what narrative role does his treachery play there?
2. Book five focuses upon the military exploits of Diomedes; the other heroes fade into the
background. This type of narrative is called an aristeia. Several heroes receive them throughout
the Iliad. How does it affect your impression of Diomedes relative to the others? Note that (with
Athena’s help) he even wounds Aphrodite! What do you make of that? Schwarzenegger
moment: which do you think is his most gruesome kill?
3. Later in book five we have gods fighting gods. Is it remarkable to you that they behave this
way? Why are they fighting?
4. As book five is notable for its carnage, so is book six for its portrayal of domestic life. Why do
you think it portrays Trojans? Is it remarkable that a book by Greeks for a Greek audience would
portray the enemy so sympathetically?
5. What the heck is going on with Glaucus and Diomedes in book six? Why don’t they fight?
6. Consider the relationship between Hector and Paris: how are the brothers different? How does
Paris defend himself against his brother’s reproach?
7. Compare Helen and Andromache. What does each represent?
8. The scene between Hector and Andromache is a real tear-jerker. What does Andromache want
from her husband? How does she try to get her way? Is her request logical? What does Hector
give as his reasons for refusing? Is his request any more logical? What do you make of their
relationship overall?