Download Pharmacology Exam Questions: Hypertension, Adrenergic Drugs, and Cholinergic Drugs and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
pharmacology exam
The nurse is conducting a community education program. When explaining different medication regimens to treat hypertension, it would be accurate to state that African Americans probably respond best to which combination of medications? A ACE inhibitors and diuretics B Diuretics and calcium channel blockers C Diuretics and beta blockers D ACE inhibitors and beta blockers - B Diuretics and calcium channel blockers Which statement, if made by your patient, signifies that additional patient teaching regarding antihypertensive treatment is required? A "I will check my blood pressure every day and take my medication when it is over 140/90." B "I will include rest periods during the day to help me tolerate the fatigue my medicine may cause." C "I will change my position slowly to prevent feeling dizzy." D "I will not mow my lawn until I see how this medication makes me feel." - A "I will check my blood pressure every day and take my medication when it is over 140/90." Carvedilol (Coreg) is classified as a A beta blocker. B alpha1 blocker. C Dual-action alpha1 and beta receptor blocker. D Calcium channel blocker. - C. Dual-action alpha1 and beta receptor blocker....
When administering nitroprusside (Nipride) intravenously, the nurse would monitor for which sign of toxicity? A Fever B Hypotension C Extreme fatigue D Hyperglycemia - B Hypotension Epinephrine, as an adrenergic (sympathomimetic) drug, produces which therapeutic effect? a. Urinary retention b.Bronchial constriction c.Increased heart rate and contractility d. Decreased intestinal motility - c.Increased heart rate and contractility The physician has ordered dopamine to treat the patient's hypovolemic shock secondary to severe blood loss. For the medication to be effective, the physician must also order A. fluid replacement. B. beta-stimulating drugs. C. antibodies. D.fluid restriction. - A. fluid replacment Your patient is to receive dopamine 5 mcg/kg/min. He weighs 176 lb. You have dopamine 400 mg in 500 mL D5W. You will infuse this at which rate?
B. phentolamine (Regitine) C. nitroprusside (Nipride) D. naloxone (Narcan) - B.phentolamine (Regitine) A patient using Afrin nasal spray complains of worsening cold symptoms and tells the nurse, "I don't understand why this is not working. I am using it almost every 3 hours!" The nurse's response is based on knowledge that A. Afrin nasal spray is not an effective nasal decongestant. B. the medication needs to be used every 30 minutes for maximum effectiveness. C. the patient is suffering from rebound congestion related to excessive use of the Afrin nasal spray. D. adrenergic decongestants should only be used prophylactically, not to treat acute congestion. - C. the patient is suffering from rebound congestion related to excessive use of the Afrin nasal spray. our patient is receiving dobutamine as a continuous infusion. Titration of this medication is based upon which factors? (Select all that apply.) A tHeart rate B Blood pressure C Urine output D Liver enzymes E Respiratory rate - A,B,C nonselective beta blockers may be used to treat hypertension and A.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
B. heart failure. C.heart block. D. supraventricular dysrhythmias. - D. supraventricular dysrhythmias. An example of a cardioselective beta blocker includes A. propranolol (Inderal). B. labetalol (Normodyne). C. atenolol (Tenormin). D. sotalol (Betapace). - C. atenolol (Tenormin). When teaching a patient about beta blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin) and metoprolol (Lopressor), it is important to inform the patient that A. these medications may be taken with antacids to minimize gastrointestinal distress. B. hot baths and showers will help enhance the therapeutic effects and are encouraged. C. alcohol intake is encouraged for its vasodilating effects. D. abrupt medication withdrawal may lead to a rebound hypertensive crisis. - D. abrupt medication withdrawal may lead to a rebound hypertensive crisis. ropranolol (Inderal) is an effective A. selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. B. nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. C. beta1-adrenergic antagonist.
Patient teaching for a patient being discharged on a beta blocker includes which statement? A. "If you take your pulse and it is less than 60, hold your medicine and call your health care provider for instructions." B."If you become dizzy, do not take your medication for 2 days and then restart on the third day." C."This medication may make you fatigued; increasing caffeine in your diet may help alleviate this problem." D. "Increase intake of green leafy vegetables to prevent bleeding problems that can be caused by this medication." - A. "If you take your pulse and it is less than 60, hold your medicine and call your health care provider for instructions." The nurse is admitting a patient with a history of angina and hypertension who is currently experiencing moderate heart failure. The patient's current medication regimen includes digoxin (Lanoxin), furosemide (Lasix), and quinapril (Accupril). Which medication would be most beneficial for the health care provider to add to this patient's treatment plan? A. carvedilol (Coreg) B. propranolol (Inderal) C. esmolol (Brevibloc) D. sotalol (Betapace) - A. carvedilol (Coreg) Beta blockers are used to treat which disorders? (Select all that apply.) A. Hypertension B. COPD C. Angina pectoris D. Cardiac dysrhythmias E. Raynaud's disease - A,C,D
Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) drugs have which therapeutic effect? A. Urinary retention B. Increased gastrointestinal motility C. Mydriasis D. Vasoconstriction Incorrect - B. Increased gastrointestinal motility Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) drugs are indicated for which situation? A. Treating a postoperative patient who has bradycardia B. Lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma C. Inhibiting muscular activity in the bladder D. Preventing salivation and sweating - B. Lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma During postoperative teaching, the nurse explains that the patient is receiving bethanechol (Urecholine) to treat A. postoperative hypotension. B. urinary atony. C. respiratory atelectasis. D. postoperative ischemic colitis. - B. urinary atony Which is an adverse effect of bethanechol (Urecholine)? A. Constipation B. Hypertension
D. Urinary retention - C. Alzheimer's disease he nurse is providing education to a patient on the primary uses of cholinergic drugs. Which uses would the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A To stimulate peristalsis B To elevate heart rate C To decrease intraocular pressure D To stimulate bladder emptying E To dilate pulmonary airways - A,C,D An adult patient presents with symptomatic bradycardia. The nurse prepares to administer which dose of atropine intravenously? A 0.3 mg B 0.5 mg C 1.25 mg D 2 mg - B 0.5 mg An adult patient presents to the emergency room with insecticide poisoning. The nurse prepares to administer which dose of atropine intravenously? A 0.3 mg B 0.5 mg C 2 mg
D 4 mg - C 2 mg The nurse monitors a patient prescribed dicyclomine (Bentyl) for which therapeutic effect? A Decrease in gastrointestinal motility B Decrease in urinary frequency C Increase in heart rate D Increase in blood pressure - A Decrease in gastrointestinal motility What would be a priority nursing diagnosis for a patient receiving anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) drugs? A Risk for injury related to excessive central nervous system stimulation B Impaired gas exchange related to thickened respiratory secretions C Urinary retention related to loss of bladder tone D Deficient knowledge related to pharmacologic regimen - B Impaired gas exchange related to thickened respiratory secretions Which would be the most appropriate application time for a patient prescribed a scopolamine patch for motion sickness? A At bedtime B Every 4 hours as needed C 4 to 5 hours before travel D At the first sign of motion sickness - C 4 to 5 hours before travel After administering oxybutynin (Ditropan) to a patient with spina bifida, the nurse is assessing the patient for therapeutic effects. What is the nurse assessing for in the patient?
B morphine C Colace D potassium - D potassium Which would be a priority assessment prior to administering eplerenone (Inspra)? A Serum electrolytes B Level of consciousness D Patient's knowledge level D Thiocyanate levels - A Serum electrolytes The nurse would plan to administer which calcium channel blocker to a patient with cerebral artery spasms following a subarachnoid hemorrhage? A amlodipine (Norvasc) C nimodipine (Nimotop) D verapamil (Calan) - C nimodipine (Nimotop) Correct The nurse would question an order for a calcium channel blocker in a patient with which condition? A Angina pectoris B Increased intracranial pressure C Hypotension D Dysrhythmia - C Hypotension
Which statement would be most appropriate during discharge teaching for a patient receiving transdermal clonidine (Catapres)? A "Your blood pressure should be checked by a physician at least once a year." B "The patch should be applied to a nonhairy site, and abrupt withdrawal should be avoided." C "Excessive exercise or prolonged standing is not a problem with clonidine as it can be with other antihypertensive drugs." D "If you are having difficulty with the common side effect of excessive drooling, notify your physician so your dosage can be adjusted." - B "The patch should be applied to a nonhairy site, and abrupt withdrawal should be avoided." A patient prescribed prazosin (Minipress) does not have a history of hypertension. The nurse would assess for what disorder for which this medication is also used? A Pulmonary emboli B Obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia C Seizure disorder D Subarachnoid hemorrhage - B Obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers both work to decrease blood pressure by A preventing the formation of angiotensin II. B enhancing sodium and water resorption. C increasing the breakdown of bradykinin. D preventing aldosterone secretion. - D preventing aldosterone secretion. Which is a priority nursing diagnosis for a patient taking an antihypertensive medication?
B "I should keep my nitroglycerin in a cool, dry place." C "I should change positions slowly to avoid getting dizzy from the nitroglycerin's effect on my blood pressure." D "I can take up to four tablets at 5-minute intervals for chest pain." - D "I can take up to four tablets at 5-minute intervals for chest pain." Adenosine is used to treat which condition? A. Atrial fibrillation B. Atrial flutter C. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) D. Second-degree atrioventricular block - C. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) Correct Sodium channel blockers are considered which class of antidyshythmic drugs? Class I Class II Class III Class IV - Class I The patient has been prescribed ibutilide (Corvert), a class III antiarrhythmic drug. The nurse is aware that this drug has been prescribed for which reason? A.Treatment of PSVT B.Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter
C. Conversion of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias D. Treatment of dysrhythmias in patients with acute renal failure - B.Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter Before administering a dose of an antidysrhythmic drug to an assigned patient, which assessments would be of highest priority? A. Urine output and specific gravity B. Temperature and pulse rate C. Apical pulse and blood pressure D. Peripheral pulses and level of consciousness - C. Apical pulse and blood pressure Calcium channel blockers have which pharmacodynamic effect? A.Positive inotropic effect B. Coronary vasodilation C. Positive chronotropic effect D. Shortened refractory period - B. Coronary vasodilation The most severe adverse effects of amiodarone are evidenced in which body system? A. Renal B. Hepatic C. Pulmonary D. Hematologic - C. Pulmonary For which potential adverse effects would the nurse monitor patients prescribed amiodarone? (Select all that apply.)
C Apply the nitroglycerin patch for 16 hours each and remove for 8 hours at night. D Use the nitroglycerin patch for acute episodes of angina only. - C Apply the nitroglycerin patch for 16 hours each and remove for 8 hours at night. What is included in the priority assessment before administering isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur)? A Serum electrolytes B Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine C Blood pressure D Level of consciousness - C Blood pressure The patient asks how nitroglycerin should be stored while traveling. What is the nurse's best response? A "You can protect it from heat by placing the bottle in an ice chest." B "It's best to keep it in its original container away from heat and light." C "You can put a few tablets in a resealable bag and carry in your pocket." D "It's best to lock them in the glove compartment of your car to keep them away from heat and light." - B "It's best to keep it in its original container away from heat and light." Patient teaching regarding sublingual nitroglycerin should include which statement? A "You can take up to five doses every 3 minutes for chest pain." B "Chew the tablet for the quickest effect." C "Keep the tablets locked in a safe place until you need them."
D "Sit or lie down after you take a nitroglycerin tablet to prevent dizziness." - D "Sit or lie down after you take a nitroglycerin tablet to prevent dizziness." Which statement indicates that the patient understands discharge teaching about nitroglycerin? A "I will need to refill my prescription once a year in order to maintain potency." B "I will need to keep the nitroglycerin stored in the bottle it comes in." C "I will take a nitroglycerin tablet every 15 minutes until my chest pain is gone." D "I should take a nitroglycerin tablet 2 hours before I want to engage in activity that will cause chest pain." - B "I will need to keep the nitroglycerin stored in the bottle it comes in." A patient who is taking sublingual nitroglycerin is complaining of flushing and headaches. What is the nurse's best response? A "This is a normal response to your chest pain." B "Stop taking the nitroglycerin because you are probably allergic to it." C "These are the most common side effects of nitroglycerin. They should subside with continued use of nitroglycerin." D "These symptoms are not related to your sublingual nitroglycerin. You should notify your doctor for diagnostic testing." - C "These are the most common side effects of nitroglycerin. They should subside with continued use of nitroglycerin." When applying nitroglycerin ointment, the nurse should perform which action? B Use the fingers to spread the ointment evenly over a 3-inch area. B Apply the ointment to a nonhairy part of the upper torso. C Massage the ointment into the skin.
