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What is a
network?
A system that permits networked applications running on different hosts to work together. TERM 2
Hosts
DEFINITION 2 any device connected to a network TERM 3
Protocols - open vs. proprietary
DEFINITION 3 Open Software Standards as software that adheres to the following criterion the software utilizes, 1) internationally acceptedstandard protocols, and 2)standardApplication Programming Interfaces (APIs) that are published. If a software solution meets the above criterion, we will say it conforms to Open Software Standards.Intelecommunications, a proprietary protocol is acommunications protocolowned by a single organization or individual. TERM 4
Networked applications
DEFINITION 4 applications that require networks to workalarm systemcable TERM 5
HTTP request
DEFINITION 5 Hypertext Transfer Protocolyour PC is the client host and the webserver is the server host
HTTP request-response cycle
Client/Server processing.The client sense a request message to the server, the server sends back a response message TERM 7
Network Speed
DEFINITION 7 measured in BITs per second (bps)kbps - kilobitsMbps - megabitsGbps - gigabits per secondTbps - terabits TERM 8
frames vs.
packets
DEFINITION 8 Packets at the data link layer are called frames, and packets at the internet layer are called packets TERM 9
Switched Networks
DEFINITION 9 In packet switching the source host fragments the application messages into many smaller pieces called packets. TERM 10
Multiplexed
DEFINITION 10 In telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing is a method by which multiple analogue message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium. packets of multiple conversations can be multiplexed on long distance circuits.packet switching saves money by multiplexing multiple conversations over expensive circuits
packet switching vs circuit
switching
Packet-switched networks move data in separate, small blocks -- packets -- based on the destination address in each packet. When received, packets are reassembled in the proper sequence to make up the message. Circuit-switched networks require dedicated point-to-point connections during calls.Circuit-switched networks and packet-switched networks have traditionally occupied different spaces within corporations. Circuit-switched networks were used for phone calls and packet-switched networks handled data. But because of the reach of phone lines and the efficiency and low cost of data networks, the two technologies have shared chores for years. TERM 17
home network
DEFINITION 17 A home network or home area network is a type of local area network that develops from the need to facilitate communication and interoperability among digital devices present inside or within the close vicinity of a home. TERM 18
why standards?
DEFINITION 18 standard = protocolthey are rules of operation that govern the exchange of messages between 2 hardware or software processes TERM 19
3 parts of standard
DEFINITION 19 ordering - turn taking, order of messages in a complex transaction who must initiate communication semantics - the meaning of the message syntax - how a message is organized TERM 20
reliable standards
DEFINITION 20 TCP - RELIABLE it corrects errorsapplication layer is for application standards. how apps work togetherphysical and data link layers govern transmission through single networksthe internet and transport layer together govern transmission through an internet.
layered TCP/IP
OSI
Application - 7Presentation - 6Session - 5Transport - 4 Internet - 3Data Link - 2Physical - 1 TERM 22
ethernet unreliable?
DEFINITION 22 unreliable and connection-less. no acknowledgements are made TERM 23
TCP/IP unreliable?
DEFINITION 23 No, RELIABLE sends acknowledgements. and is connection- oriented TERM 24
Which layer has the most standards?
DEFINITION 24 the application layer TERM 25
Vertical communication
DEFINITION 25 the application, transport, internet, and data link layer process do the same thingCreate a message in all but the originating layer (in this case, application), by encapsulation. Then pass the message down to the next lower layer.
Propagation
the traveling of a signal down a transmission medium TERM 32
analog signaling
DEFINITION 32 the transmitted signal is analogous to the data input TERM 33
binary signaling
DEFINITION 33 there are 2 states that represent 1 and 0 respectively.special case of digital signaling with more than 2 states can send multiple bit per clock cycle TERM 34
noise
DEFINITION 34 random electromagnetic energy TERM 35
EMI
DEFINITION 35 electromagnetic interferenceunwanted energy coming from electrical motors
terminal crosstalk
crosstalk interference at the ends of the UTP cord TERM 37
Cat 5e & Cat
6A
DEFINITION 37 5e - 1Gbps - 100m6 -10Gbps- 55m6A - 10Gbps - 100m
