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1. It is not competitiveness, nor is it anger, involves actively doing something
unpleasant to someone. *
Arousal Hostile aggression Aggression Motivation
2. It takes place when the primary intention of the behavior is to harm the other player.
This type of aggression is accompanied by anger, and the underlying wish is to see
the victim suffer. *
Instrumental aggression Hostile aggression Sanctioned aggression Assertiveness
3. It involves the type of behavior that might appear aggressive, but which does not
result in harming an opponent. *
Instrumental aggression Hostile aggression Sanctioned aggression Assertiveness
4. It takes place when the behavior is clearly likely to cause harm, but its intention is to
achieve a different aim, such as to score a point or prevent the opposition from scoring
a goal. *
Assertiveness Hostile aggression Sanctioned aggression Instrumental aggression
5. He proposed that we are born with two opposing instincts, the life instinct and the
death instinct. *
Norman Triplet Sigmund Freud Abraham Harold Maslow Albert Bandura
6.He proposed that all human aggression, like other social behavior, is learnt by
imitation and reinforcement. Famously demonstrated that children copy adults
behaving aggressively in his ‘bobo doll experiment’ *
Albert Bandura Sigmund Freud Norman Triplet Abraham Harold Maslow
7. This approach, first suggested by Dollard et al (1939), sees the most important
factors in aggression as the characteristics of the situation. *
The frustration–aggression hypothesis Theories of aggression Social learning theory Instinct theories
8. When children were rewarded or witnessed the adult being rewarded for doing
something which is related to sports, their level of aggression ________. *
Decreases Nothing happens Both a and b Increases
13. There are a number of strategies that can be used to help reduce aggression in
athletes. This can be an effective tool in tackling athletic aggression and are most
easily understood in the context of social learning theory. *
Role modelling Contracting Punishment Catharsis
14. One way of tackling aggression in persistent offenders is by the use of
psychological contracts. Athletes signing a contract are committing themselves to
eliminate certain behaviors. *
Role modelling Catharsis Punishment Contracting
15. If children can learn aggressive behavior from watching aggressive adults, it
follows that if we expose children exclusively to appropriate, non-aggressive role
models, we can, to some extent at least, prevent them from developing an aggressive
repertoire of behavior. *
Role modelling BContracting Catharsis Punishment
16. It is defined by Moorhead and Griffin (1998) as ‘two or more persons who interact
with one another such that each person influences and is influenced by each *
Group Teams Social Cohesion
17. In the stage of group formation, the group members become oriented toward the
task they have come together for, and begin to achieve their goals. *
Performing stage Adjourning stage Forming stage Norming stage
18. Members compete for status in the group, and group members take on different
roles. *
Storming stage Adjourning stage Performing stage Forming stage
19. The group settles down, and group members develop attachments to each other
and to the group. *
Norming stage Forming stage Performing stage Adjourning stage
20. The group members get to know each other, and basic rules for the conduct of
group members are established. *
D.Adjourning stage Storming stage Norming stage Forming stage
21. A group is likely to be more united and committed to success than a group low in
cohesion. It is often said that a team is more than just the sum of the individual
25. It has been defined by Moorhead and Griffin (1998) as ‘the use of non coercive
influence to direct and coordinate the activities of group members to meet a goal. *
Group Leadership style Leadership Team members
26. A leader that makes decisions alone and expects unquestioning obedience from
the group. *
Authoritarian leader Laissez-faire leader Democratic leader Team leader
27. This type of leadership can cause difficulties when very rapid decision making is
required in an emergency, but in most cases this is the most successful style of
leadership. *
Laissez-faire leader Authoritarian leader Team leader Democratic leader
28. This type of leader leaves group members to get on with the task at hand without
interference. Such leaders may assist individuals, but do not attempt to organize or
motivate the group as a whole. *
Democratic leader Team leader Laissez-faire leader Authoritarian leader
29. A coach is likely to make a unilateral decision either when it will be fully accepted
by the team or when its acceptance is not of primary importance. For example, a
popular footballer playing his last professional game may tire early. In this case, the
coach/manager might wish to substitute a younger, fitter player. *
Group Acceptance Coach’s power Information Location Time pressure
30. When decisions have to be made very quickly, the coach often has to make them
without athlete participation. Less urgent decisions are more likely to involve
athletes. *
Time pressure Coach’s power Information Location Group Acceptance
31. The more complex the problem, the more likely it is that only the coach will
possess all the information necessary to make the decision; therefore, he is more
likely to do so without participation by athletes. *
Problem Complexity Group Acceptance Group integration Time pressure
32. Defined as ‘a general physiological and psychological activation varying on a
continuum from deep sleep to intense excitement’ (Gould & Krane, 1992). *
Motivation Arousal Stress Anxiety
37. He developed a theory of human motivation that aimed to explain all the types of
human need and rank them in the order people seek to satisfy them. The idea behind
the hierarchy of needs is that we ascend the hierarchy, satisfying each motive in
turn. *
Norman Triplet Sigmund Freud Abraham Harold Maslow Albert Bandura
38. From Maslow’s theory of needs, our first priority is to satisfy our ____ needs, such
as food and warmth, because we cannot live without these. *
Safety needs Cognitive needs Social needs Physiological needs
39. When our social needs are satisfied, this level in hierarchy of needs become
paramount. To satisfy them, we need to achieve, to become competent and to be
recognized as so. *
Esteem needs Aesthetic needs Safety needs Physiological needs
40. It is not unique to sport but can occur in any situation in which people respond to
pressure by overworking. Its symptoms are depersonalization (becoming emotionally
cut off from other people), impaired performance and satisfaction, and emotional
exhaustion (feeling weary and resigned). *
Choking Burn out Eating disorder
Sedentary lifestyle
41. Are those which require large muscular movement. For example, the major skill
involved in the high jump is an upward thrust by the leg muscles. *
Fine skill Gross skill Open skill Close skill
42. Are skills that are not affected by the environment. They are usually self-paced
and occur in fixed or predictable situations. *
Gross skill Fine skill Open skil Close skill
43. Are skills affected by the environment. They are mainly perceptual and usually
externally paced. They occur when performers have to make decisions and adapt
their skills to a changing or unpredictable environment. The performer is not in control
of what will happen next. *
Gross skill Close skill Open skill Discrete skill
44. Are those which require tiny muscular movements, such as are required for an
elite standard gymnastic performance. *
Fine skill Continuous skill Open skil Gross skill
Negative reinforcement, because a negative stimulus (extra credit on the next exam) is removed in response to the desired behavior (contribution to class discussion) Positive reinforcement, because Mr. Jones is reinforcing class participation by giving his students something they want (extra credit on the next exam) Neutral, because there is no positive or negative consequences result from the behavior
49. Suppose Andrew was punished because he had stolen his teammates lunch
money. His coach punished Andrew harshly as a result, but did not give any general
guidelines for how Andrew should treat his teammates in the future. Which of the
following choices is the most likely outcome due to this punishment? *
Andrew internalizes the punishment, and he behaves well for the rest of the day. Andrew fails to understand what is expected of him, and simply becomes fearful and resentful. Andrew seeks revenge against his teammates as a result of the punishment. Andrew suddenly realizes the value of empathy.
50. How does the influence of the family plays a big role in the sporting success of an
athlete? *
Athletes are likely to identify with a family member and follow in their footsteps, participating in their sport. The family will always support you at any aspects Social learning theory emphasizes the role of models in the family and sources of reinforcement. All of the given choices
