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Typology: Summaries
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Ross (1951) has defined it as “the process of getting an object or thought clearly before the mind”. Whereas, according to William James, “attention is focusing of consciousness on a particular object. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others. It is taking possession of one, out of several simultaneous objects or trains of thought by the mind, in clear and vivid form”. Thus, attention is essentially process and not a product. It helps in our awareness or consciousness of our environment, which is of selective kind, because in a given time, we can concentrate or focus our consciousness on a particular object only. The concentration provided by the process of attention helps us in the clarity of the perception of the perceived object or phenomenon. Thus, attention is not merely a cognitive factor but is essentially determined by emotions, interest, attitude and memory. Thus, attention is a process which is carried out through cognitive abilities and helped by emotional and behavioural factors to select something out of the various stimuli present in one’s environment and bring it in the centre of one’s consciousness in order to perceive it clearly for deriving the desired end. There are broadly four forms of attention: selective attention, divided attention, sustained attention, and executive attention.