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Exceptional Learners Chapters 1-
Practice Test 2024 Final Exam
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What percent of school-age children receive special education services? - Answer>>8 to 9% of school-age children receives services. What does our federal government, through national law, guarantee students with disabilities? - Answer>>Free public education that suits their education level List the 13 disability categories recognized by our school system. Is giftedness included, why or why not? - Answer>>Speech or language impairments, specific learning disabilities, other heath impairments, Autism, intellectual disabilities, emotional disturbance, orthopedic impairments, deafness; hearing impairments, visual impairments, multiple disabilities, deaf-blindness, traumatic brain injury, and developmental delay. No, it is not because it is not considered a disability. Why is it difficult for us to get a clear idea of the prevalence of some disabilities? - Answer>>Because some children have co-disabilities, and a majority of the children have ADHD and it makes it seem that they have a more severe illness. Explain how it is that society can "handicap" people more than their disabilities actually do? - Answer>>Society makes it so that people act to the extreme making them feel ostracized and degraded. What is People First Language? Give an example? - Answer>>It is where you mention the person first and the person second, a student who uses a wheelchair. How do we know we are making progress in society, in terms of the involvement and inclusion of those with disabilities? - Answer>>They have passed various bills like the IDEA and the ADA.
What is the ADA? What does it provide? How has it impacted those with disabilities? - Answer>>The Americans with Disabilities Act, it helps people with disabilities lead normal lives. It has allowed them to live independent lives. What does bullying have to do with students in special education? - Answer>>Bullying occurs more with students in special education, because they are weaker, most likely won't defend themselves easily, and because of there disability. What are evidence-based practices and why are they thought to be so important? - Answer>>The three evidence based practices are instructional, behavioral, and interventions, it helps build a stronger foundation because its good for a teacher to have one to help there students. Explain the 3 principles of UDL? - Answer>>The first principle of UDL is Provide means of representation, this principle helps people who are visual learners and auditory learner, by offering it in different ways to help them learn. It also helps clarify what different things mean in English and math to those who might need it. The second principle of UDL is provide multiple means of action and expression, it helps people need help with responses and need knowing where to go. It also is there to help people who need extra practice with classes that they are struggling in. The third principle of UDL is provide means of engagement, it helps them know what is expected of them, and gives them goals to meet during the day or week. It also helps them have the resources they need to do the task. In a differentiated lesson, what does it mean to adjust content, process and product? - Answer>>The meaning of content is you can do the same assignments, but you make give one group a more higher one then another group to work on there level of understanding. The meaning of process is that a teacher wants are the students to learn the same content, but might do by putting stations all over the room for people to do with a group of kids, a pair, or by themselves to build some skills. The meaning of product is to show what the students have learned through the things they've done by doing some kind of project, test, or paper to give the teachers a sense that they understand what there learning.
they will not receive the higher education like some other schools and that's why a lot of kids drop out of school. Explain what disproportionality, in terms of special education, means? - Answer>>It is different proportions in a group, like adding races to it which isn't fair to rest of kids who might not have a learning disability. What is cross-cultural dissonance? What are 4 areas it commonly occurs? - Answer>>It means that there is an overlap in home and school cultures which causes a conflict. Four areas that it will mostly occur in is learning experiences and preferences, behavioral expectations, communication styles, curricular representation. Why is teacher self-reflection needed to prevent cross-cultural dissonance? - Answer>>The ways you can prevent this in classrooms is having the teacher understand that child culture and language. Then figure out how it affects there work at school and how you can help them get where they need to be. Explain the difference between BICS and CALP? - Answer>>BICS is talking about informal or conversational English and CALP is talking about formal English or classroom English. Why is it sometimes difficult to determine the LRE for a student? Where is the dilemma? - Answer>>It's because they are more typically with other students in the classroom so you don't always realize that they have a learning disability. One dilemma that can occur in LRE is that there could be student in the classroom that can communicate with the other students without using ASL which nobody really knows. Explain situations where you believe the segregated or self-contained setting is the LRE for a student? - Answer>>When you see a student start acting up and distracting the other students around them, and they start falling behind in the classroom. List and briefly explain the 8 steps in the IEP process? - Answer>>The first step in IEP is pre- referral, this means you try to help the student first before you decide that you tried and you think they need assistance.
Step two is referral, is when you let the parents know that they need to probably be tested to see if they have a learning disability or just need extra help. Then step three is student, is when they find out through the tests if they do have a disability or not and know what further actions need to be. Step 4 is eligibility, this sees if that student does qualify for special education to help with school work and stuff. Step five is IEP development, this where the special education teacher writes the IEP for that individual to set up what things they will not in special education to help them succeed. Then step six is the IEP implementation, that's when they got more in depth in what they services that they will provide for this student. Step seven is annual review, to make sure that they see improvement in the students work and it's helping. Finally step eight is revaluation, this when the teacher gathers the new results in how the students is doing with the extra help with there special needs. Read through the bulleted lists of IFSP and IEP features on pg 85. What are the 3 basic differences? - Answer>>IEP you have an annual review for that student and for a IFSP you have an biannual review. Another thing that is different is IFSP has a name of service coordinator, and a person with an IEP will be in a classroom a alongside other students even though they might have a learning disability. A person with an IEP will participate in state and district wide testing, when some people with an IFSP might not always do that. Who should have access to the IFSP and IEP? - Answer>>Any student and parent that has a child dealing with a disability. What are 3 differences you notice in the lists of basic elements required of IFSPs and IEPs (pg 86-87)? - Answer>>An IFSP is life skills, our life, and it involves our family. IEP is about school, their ability to learn basic subjects, and does not involve the family with everything that is happening. When should a transition plan be added to the IEP and what should it include? - Answer>>The transition plan should start about the age 16 and should contain post goals for school, and services that is needed to help the student
Study the solutions for both speech and language impairments. Which do you feel would be easier to address in the classroom, and why?What are 3 tips you could follow to provide a language-sensitive environment in your future classroom? - Answer>>A speech impairment it probably easier to address in a classroom because people with it have trouble just with different sounds of letters, saying some words in readings. Make the assignment little easier for the student, use a lot more visuals, and try to use more verbal repetition with the student. Explain the three different service delivery options that SLPs will use? - Answer>>Consultative/collaborative is when the teachers with the SLP work with the student's general needs in the education setting. Classroom-based- is when the SLP also works in the education setting putting students in small groups with other kids that might have a disorder like them Pull-out- the SLP is when they go somewhere outside of the classroom to work that the student. What is AAC? Give one example of a low-tech device and one example of a high-tech device? - Answer>>AAC stands for augmentative and alternative communication devices, and it means technology that is used to help people who have speaking problems. An example of a low tech device is pictures in books, and toys. An example of a high tech device is a speech synthesizer. What does unexpected underachievement mean and how is it associated with students with learning disabilities (LD)? - Answer>>Unexpected learning is a type of characteristic that is in a learning disabilities. It cannot by put as a not trying, not clear instructions, and cultural or linguistic differences. Explain how RtI can help with reducing the performance gap for students with LD? - Answer>>By helping students with a disability that are resistant to treatments, give the students more intensive services and interventions as little as you can. What are the 3 main areas student with LD will struggle? - Answer>>The three main area's students with a learning disability will struggle with is reading, writing, and math. What is the difference between visual and auditory processing? - Answer>>A visual processing is how the brain interprets, understands, and visuals the information that the student is
receiving in the classroom. And auditory processing is very similar to visual processing except that it processing the auditory information that is received in the classroom. Where are most students with LD spending their school day and why is there some debate about this placement? - Answer>>People with a learning disability are spending most of there time in the general classroom surrounded by their peers. There is some debate about where the students with special needs is spending their time, because some people think they should be receiving more intensive care, and there should be more one on one services provided for them. Why do students with LD develop learned helplessness? - Answer>>Kids with disabilities learned helplessness, because on inconstant they perform from the rest of the class, they believe they how hard they try it will not have any outcome on how they do. So that's why they take it in as a external factor, like luck and that their teachers doesn't like them. Note the "Examples of Frequently Used Accommodations for Students with LD" in Topic 6term- 55.6. What are 5 that you can easily incorporate in your future classroom? - Answer>>Knowing for experience that top five that I think I could easily incorporate in my future classroom are: using visual cues, concrete objects, noise reducing headphones, repeating key information or directions, testing in a small group. What are the 6 steps used to teach students self-regulated learning strategies? - Answer>>The six steps are: Develop background knowledge, discuss it, model it, memorize it, support it, establish independent practice. Why is it that LD cannot always be prevented? - Answer>>To prevent a disability we have to know what is causing the disability to be formed. What we sort of know is that they do believe it is a genetic, and comes from family members. What are some examples of High Incidence Disabilities? - Answer>>Autism What does SLD stand for? - Answer>>Specific Learning Disability
Modification - Answer>>◦ Alters the expectations ◦ Grading is different ◦ different was to asses and do homework ◦ Modify the number of items expected to learn ◦ Lower reading level books ◦ Yes/no questions in place essays ◦ Modified grading IEP has to contain - Answer>>◦ Present level of performance: current functioning levels in all areas ◦ Special education and related services ◦ Measurable annual goals and objectives ◦ Participation in general education activities ◦ Participation in state/district testing and adaptation ◦ Dates for invitation and duration of services ◦ A transition plan beginning at age 16 ◦ Statement of how progress will be mea Common types of learning disabilities - Answer>>◦ Dyslexia : problems reading, writing, spelling ◦ Dyscalculia : problems doing math problems understanding time using money ◦ Dysgraphia : problems with handwriting spelling organizing ideas ◦ Dyspraxia (sensory integrating Disorder) : problems with hand - eye coordination balance manual dexterity ◦ Dysphasia / aphasia : problems understanding spoken language poor reading comprehension ◦ Auditory processing disorder : problems with reading comprehension language ◦ Visual processing disorder : problems with reading math math charts, symbols pictures Some common characteristics of LD? - Answer>>◦ Low motivation
◦ Distractible ◦ Hyperactivity ◦ Inattentiveness ◦ Unable to generalize ◦ Poor information processing skills ◦ Learned helplessness ◦ Not task oriented ◦ Poor social skills ◦ Unorganized ◦ Poor memory ◦ Poor problem solver ◦ External locus of control Useful instructional methods for LD? - Answer>>◦ Concrete examples ◦ Mnemonics ◦ Task analysis ◦ Individualized instruction ◦ Phonics instruction ◦ Carefully planned homework ◦ PALS (peer-assisted learning strategies) Possible causes of LD? - Answer>>• Central nervous system dysfunction
- Assumption of brain injury
- Hereditary
- Chronic ear infections during development
- Inadequate learning strategies taught
- Lack of early interventions
