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Exceptions to the Octet Rule in Chemistry, Slides of Chemistry

Yeshiva & Kollel HarbotzasChemistry

The exceptions to the octet rule in chemistry, specifically focusing on the number of valence electrons in various compounds and elements such as methyl radical, methyl cation, nitrogen oxide, beryllium hydride, borane, and phosphoric acid. The octet rule explains that most stable elements have eight electrons in their outermost shell, but exceptions exist for certain elements and compounds.

What you will learn

  • What are the exceptions to the octet rule in chemistry?
  • Why do some elements and compounds not follow the octet rule?
  • Which elements and compounds are discussed as exceptions to the octet rule in this document?

Typology: Slides

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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aghanashin 🇺🇸

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Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Exception # 1 - not enough valence electrons
Exception # 2 - early second row elements (Be, B)
H
C
H H
methyl radical
(7 valence electrons)
H
C
H H
methyl cation
(6 valence electrons)
N O
nitrogen oxide
(11 valence electrons)
H Be H
beryllium hydride
(Be shares 4 electrons)
H
B
H H
borane
(B shares 6 electrons)
• •
pf2

Partial preview of the text

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Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Exception # 1 - not enough valence electrons

Exception # 2 - early second row elements (Be, B)

H

C

H H

methyl radical ( 7 valence electrons)

H

C

H H

methyl cation ( 6 valence electrons)

N O

nitrogen oxide ( 11 valence electrons) H Be H beryllium hydride (Be shares 4 electrons) H B H H borane (B shares 6 electrons)

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

H

PO

phosphoric acid

Under NO circumstances can the second row elements

be surrounded by more than eight electrons:

B, C, N, O, F

Exception # 3 - beyond the second row, elements can

be surrounded by more than eight electrons (valence

shell expansion)

O P O O O H H H

phosphoric acid

(P shares 10 electrons)