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EXSC 50 5 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2025 UPDATE!!
A deficiency in which of the following nutrients is the most prevalent nutrition deficiency worldwide and can cause weakness, fatigue, and decreased exercise capacity? - ANSWER iron
Excessive intake of which of the following vitamins can lead to liver damage, dizziness, and joint pain? - ANSWER A
Which of the following is defined as "the average daily nutrient requirement adequate for meeting the needs of most healthy people within each life stage and sex"? - ANSWER Recommended Dietary Allowance
During prolonged activity in hot weather, an athlete should consume a sport drink that meets which of the following guidelines? - ANSWER 5-10% of carbohydrate
Winning is typically the primary focus of what type of goal? - ANSWER outcome goal
A strength and conditioning professional is training two 16-year-old males; one has developed facial hair and a deepened voice, while the other has not. Which of the following is the most effective indicator of their physical maturation level? - ANSWER skeletal age
Which of the following conditions is defined as having diluted blood sodium levels (< mmol/L)? - ANSWER hyponatremia
_______ feedback is provided to the athlete by the athlete from the senses, while _______ feedback is provided to the athlete by an observer or other external source. - ANSWER Intrinsic, augmented
An athlete training for a marathon averages around 95 minutes of training a day at 75% of her VO2max. If she weighs 126 pounds (57 kg), what is her minimum recommended daily intake of carbohydrate? - ANSWER 456 g
After a 2-hour outdoor training session, an athlete lost 3 pounds (1.4 kg). How much fluid should this athlete consume to return to a more ideal hydration state? - ANSWER 1.5 L (50 ounces)
______ anxiety is the actual experience of apprehension and uncontrolled arousal and ______ anxiety is a personality characteristic, which represents a latent disposition to perceive situations as threatening. - ANSWER State, trait
Which of the following types of body proportions is characterized by a rounder body with broader hips? - ANSWER endomorph
When comparing males and females, which of the following is true regarding strength and power capabilities? - ANSWER When strength is expressed relative to muscle cross-sectional area, no significant difference exists between sexes.
According to Hull's drive theory, which of the following factors affect an athlete's level of arousal and, consequently, the athlete's performance? - ANSWER skill level, task complexity
What are the five main primary methods of incorporating a practice structure and schedule into an athlete's program? - ANSWER whole, part, random, variable, observational
Joint laxity, skill level, limb alignment, and neuromuscular deficiency are all thought to be factors in the occurrence of what common injury? - ANSWER anterior cruciate ligament tear
Which of the following is a relaxation technique that has been shown to be useful in injured and older athletes? - ANSWER autogenic training
Which of the following is the primary mechanism leading to strength gains in preadolescents? - ANSWER neural factors (motor unit activation and synchronization)
Which of the following is a macronutrient? - ANSWER protein
As boys grow, they become taller and gain body mass. During this time, muscle changes as well, first in _______________ and second in _______________. - ANSWER mass; high-level force production
Sarcopenia is associated with all of the following changes due to advancing age EXCEPT... - ANSWER decreased axial skeletal height
List and briefly explain the six aspects of the ideal performance state (15pts). - ANSWER The ideal performance state relates to an athletes mental and physiological state while performing. In layman's terms, it correlates to the athlete's ability on the field, to how their inner 'field' is on the inside. Ideally, upon meeting the ideal performance state, the player is able to be 'in the zone' while performing at their sport. Moreover, the ideal performance state is a term that is able to reflect and define the experience the athlete has in the sport when all the psychological, technical, tactical and physical elements of their performance's ability coincide with each other like pieces of a puzzle.
Continuing, the first aspect of this state is the absence of fear within the athlete; they are not worried about failure as they feel as thought they are well equipped and trained to perform with top quality while making little to no mistakes. This can be correlated to being well prepared and versed in the material of a test, as in theory, that is exactly what the athlete is doing; testing their physical abilities during their sport. With this aspect, the athlete does not feel inadequate when compared to that of other athletes. Similarly, the second aspect, that of a lack of thinking about or analysis of performance, as related to the motor stage of automaticity can be introduced. Meaning, the athlete does not have to think about what their next step will be while performing, they can rely on their muscle memory to perform.
Furthermore, the aspect of obtaining a narrow focus of attention concentrated on the physical activity itself is discussed when describing the ideal performance state. This means that the athlete does not allow themselves to be distracted by what is going on around them; they are solely focused on performing to the best of their abilities while not letting outward worries conflict them.
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Discuss the effect of aging on the physical or physiological variables of an individual. Furthermore, please explain the impact that participating in a chronic (ie. long term) resistance training program will have on an older, and originally untrained individual (15pts). - ANSWER Aging, or the process of irreversible biological changes that in which occur throughout an individual's lifetime, is a complex concept that is influenced by a number of factors, including that of environmental, lifestyle choices and genetics. As one ages, the body goes through a series of changes and adaptations that can lead to the development of physical functional injuries and impairments.
Continuing, as one ages the body experiences a loss of bone and muscle, thereby making daily activities, like getting up from the couch or opening a door, quite difficult. Moreover, the musculoskeletal health of the aging population begins to deteriorate as time goes on, leading individuals to be susceptible to fractures, falls, and long-term disabilities if one is not careful. This is a result of the bone mineral content contained within the bones decrement, thereby causing an increase in bone porosity. Within this respect, in terms of the musculoskeletal system, older adults are more likely to experience osteopenia and osteoporosis, which results in a bone having decreased density and strength.
Sarcopenia is also a concern for the aging populating as it is associated with a loss of muscle mass and strength. This decreased muscle mass accumulation, in turn, results in a loss of muscle strength, correlating to the older generations lack of physical strength and decrease in the muscles ability to generate power.
Furthermore, age related changes can also be seen in neuromotor function performance. As senior citizens are at an increased risk of falling, thereby relating to serious psychosocial, economic and health complications this aspect is vital to mention. In the occurrence of a fall, the individual is then susceptible to pain syndromes, joint dislocations, skeletal fractures and even limitations in the realm of their daily
