Download (FALSE) Fall 2009 Final | BIOL 100 - INTRO TO BIOLOGY and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Hypothesis System
-Observe phenomenon -develop hypotheses -make predictions -devise test of predictions -carry out test and analyze results -make a conclusion TERM 2
Levels of Organization
DEFINITION 2 -atom -molecule -cell -tissue -organ -body system -organism - population -community -ecosystem AND -biosphere TERM 3
Cell
DEFINITION 3 The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. TERM 4
Cell Organization
DEFINITION 4
- plasma membrane 2. region where DNA os stored 3. Cytoplasm TERM 5
structure of cell membranes
DEFINITION 5 -fluid mosaic model -mixed composition: -phospholipid bilayer -proteins
Membrane Proteins
-receptor proteins -recognition proteins -passive transporters -active transporters TERM 7
diffusion
DEFINITION 7 -the net movement of like molecules or ions down a concentration gradient -Although molecules collide randomly, the net movement is away from the place with the most collisions (down gradient) TERM 8
Osmosis
DEFINITION 8 Water molecules tend to diffuse down a water concentration gradient from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water. The concentration of water is diluted by molecules in the water. TERM 9
The Nucleus
DEFINITION 9 Keeps the DNA molecules separated from metabolic machinery of cytoplasm Makes it easier to organize DNA and to copy it TERM 10
Mitochondria
DEFINITION 10 ATP-producing powerhouses Membranes form two distinct compartments ATP-making machinery embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane
Roots
-Anchor the plant -Penetrate the soil and absorb water and dissolved minerals -Store food TERM 17
Transport Tissues (for plants)
DEFINITION 17 -Xylem -Phloem TERM 18
Epidermis (for plants)
DEFINITION 18 -Covers the outside of the plant TERM 19
Vascular Tissues Xylem (plants)
DEFINITION 19 -Conducts water and dissolved minerals -Conducting cells are dead and hollow at maturity TERM 20
Vascular Tissues Phloem
(plants)
DEFINITION 20 -Transports sugars -Main conducting cells are sieve-tube members -Companion cells assist in the loading of sugars
Cuticle (plants)
-Translucent coating secreted by epidermal cells -Consists of waxes in cutin -Allows light to pass through but restricts water loss TERM 22
Water Transport (plants)
DEFINITION 22 -Water moves through xylem -Most Xylem cells are tracheids TERM 23
The Role of Hydrogen Bonds (plants)
DEFINITION 23 -Hydrogen bonds attract the hydrogen of one water molecule to the OH groupof another -Hydrogen bonds make water cohesive; water molecules stick together inside the narrow xylem walls as they are pulled upward TERM 24
Stomata (plants)
DEFINITION 24 -Openings across the cuticle and epidermis; allow gases in and out -Guard cells on either side of a stoma -Turgor pressure in guard cells affects opening and closing of stomata TERM 25
Nutritional Requirements (plants)
DEFINITION 25 -all plants are photoautotrophs -Require carbon dioxide, water, minerals -
System Functions Endocrine (animals)
functions to regulate and control physiological processes of the body TERM 32
System Functions Integumentary (animals)
DEFINITION 32 acts as a protective barrier for the human body against microorganisms, dehydration, and injuries caused by the outside environment. TERM 33
System Functions Immune (animals)
DEFINITION 33 defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign bodies. TERM 34
System Functions Muscular (animals)
DEFINITION 34 provides movement to the human body as a whole as well as movement of materials through organs and organ systems TERM 35
System Functions Reproductive (animals)
DEFINITION 35 The male reproductive system synthesizes gametes called spermatozoa that are responsible for fertilizing the female gametes, or oocytes, during reproduction. The female reproductive system is designed to undergo conception, gestation, and birth once a spermatozoon fertilizes an oocyte.
System Functions Respiratory (animals)
exchanges gases between the body's tissues and the external environment. TERM 37
System Functions Skeletal (animals)
DEFINITION 37 is a structural framework providing support, shape, and protection to the human body. TERM 38
System Functions Urinary (animals)
DEFINITION 38 removes excess water and nutrients and filters wastes from the circulatory system. TERM 39
The Purpose of the Digestive
System
DEFINITION 39 Supply the cells of the body with building blocks to produce: carbohydrates (glucose), Fats (fatty acids), proteins (amino acids) nucleic acids (nucleotides) TERM 40
Digestive System
Tasks
DEFINITION 40
- Break up, mix, and move food material -Digest (break down) food particles into glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and nucleotides -Absorb nutrients and fluids -Eliminate wastes and residues
Functions of the Small Intestine
-Digest carbohydrates of glucose - Digest proteins to amino acids - Digest fats to fatty acids and glycerol - Digest nucleic acids to nucleotides - Absorb glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, nucleotides TERM 47
Walls of Small Intestine
DEFINITION 47 Projections into the intestinal lumen increase the surface area available for absorption ***the weird mountain looking things inside the small intestine TERM 48
Accessory Organs There are 2
DEFINITION 48 -Pancreas -Liver TERM 49
Liver
DEFINITION 49 Secretes bile TERM 50
Pancreas
DEFINITION 50 Secretes digestive enzymes
How are Nutrients Absorbed
-Passage of molecules into the blood -Occurs mainly in jejunum and ileum of small intestine
