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Feedback and Practice Principles in Golf Instruction, Exams of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences

Campbell UniversityPhysical Activity and Sport Sciences

The role of feedback and practice principles in golf instruction. It covers topics such as the different types of feedback (negative reinforcement, punishment, intrinsic, augmented), the functions of feedback (motivation, learning, error correction), the effects of feedback frequency and timing, the use of training aids, the principles of effective practice (distributed practice, pressure practice, transfer practice), and the importance of the instructor's communication skills and lesson structure. Insights into how instructors can optimize the learning process for students of different skill levels and motivations.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 09/17/2024

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PGA Level 2 - Teaching and Coaching
Exam updated 100%.
PGA Level 2 - Teaching and Coaching
Exam updated 100%.
Negative augmented feedback can function as either negative reinforcement or
punishment. (T/F) - True
Instructors should avoid giving positive feedback when using negative feedback as
punishment. (T/F) - False
Feedback functions as negative reinforcement when it strengthens undesirable
behavior. (T/F) - True
Biofeedback devices provide intrinsic feedback to the player (T/F) - False
After executing a motor skill, a player will evaluate the skill movements by comparing
the results of the performance to his or her expectations for the performance (T/F) -
True
Knowledge feedback will influence the direction of a student's efforts but is unable to
influence the student's arousal and motivation level. (T/F) - False
Because beginners have no established motor program, they can easily determine if
they performed the skill movements as planned. (T/F) - False
Augmented feedback given immediately after skill performance is considered positive
reinforcement if the teacher or coach perceives the feedback as rewarding. (T/F) - True
What function of feedback energizes and directs student behavior toward achieving a
goal? - Motivation
What is the defining property of feedback that functions as reinforcement? - Desirable
Response
What is an example of intrinsic feedback serving as negative reinforcement? - Bad
feeling swing, resulting in a drive OB
What should teachers expect their students to learn from the feedback they provide for
the purpose of improving or maintaining performance? - Knowledge to understand error,
detect error, correct error
What should students learn from instruction given to improve or maintain performance?
- -Knowledge relevant for learning
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Download Feedback and Practice Principles in Golf Instruction and more Exams Physical Activity and Sport Sciences in PDF only on Docsity!

Exam updated 100%.

PGA Level 2 - Teaching and Coaching

Exam updated 100%.

Negative augmented feedback can function as either negative reinforcement or punishment. (T/F) - True Instructors should avoid giving positive feedback when using negative feedback as punishment. (T/F) - False Feedback functions as negative reinforcement when it strengthens undesirable behavior. (T/F) - True Biofeedback devices provide intrinsic feedback to the player (T/F) - False After executing a motor skill, a player will evaluate the skill movements by comparing the results of the performance to his or her expectations for the performance (T/F) - True Knowledge feedback will influence the direction of a student's efforts but is unable to influence the student's arousal and motivation level. (T/F) - False Because beginners have no established motor program, they can easily determine if they performed the skill movements as planned. (T/F) - False Augmented feedback given immediately after skill performance is considered positive reinforcement if the teacher or coach perceives the feedback as rewarding. (T/F) - True What function of feedback energizes and directs student behavior toward achieving a goal? - Motivation What is the defining property of feedback that functions as reinforcement? - Desirable Response What is an example of intrinsic feedback serving as negative reinforcement? - Bad feeling swing, resulting in a drive OB What should teachers expect their students to learn from the feedback they provide for the purpose of improving or maintaining performance? - Knowledge to understand error, detect error, correct error What should students learn from instruction given to improve or maintain performance?

    • Knowledge relevant for learning

Exam updated 100%.

  • Increase in motivation
  • Correct skill movements
  • Intrinsic/Augmented Feedback A teacher watches a student leave a ten-foot putt short and then informs her that the putt needed to be hit with more speed. What type of feedback is this an example of? - Augmented Feedback The teacher's role is to help the student improve his own ability to do what? - Understand, Detect, Correct Error A teacher shows frustration when a student performs a skill incorrectly. To avoid this response in the future, the student focuses on correcting the skill movement. What is this an example of? - Augmented Feedback in the form of Negative Reinforcement Augmented feedback that functions as positive or negative reinforcement can have the same result. (T/F) - True When a training aid is used correctly, and skill performance suffers, the concurrent KP could be directing the student's attention away from relevant feedback. (T/F) - True Augmented feedback used as punishment is most effective when the desired change is personal. (T/F) - False Research suggests that when a student has less control over the learning process, the student is more engaged. (T/F) - False Knowledge of performance feedback can improve performance without learning taking place. (T/F) - True A good reason for delivering only non-error augmented feedback is so the student will become more aware or cause and effect relationships within the swing. (T/F) - False Generally speaking, advanced players need less descriptive knowledge of performance feedback than beginning players. (T/F) - False Beginners typically benefit more from video feedback than advanced players. (T/F) - False When practicing, changing camera angles by only a few degrees between swings can be more harmful than if the player had not used video feedback. (T/F) - True What is the likely cause of a performance decline after a student has been using a training aid? - Not focusing on Intrinsic Feedback, relying too much on the aid

Exam updated 100%.

When faster student progress is needed, what feedback strategy is appropriate? - Non- error Knowledge of Performance What is an example of kinematic feedback? - - Distance

  • Average Speed
  • Velocity Practicing a drill, using a training aid, or testing a new method only helps if the student needs to develop golf skills. (T/F) - True According to the course manual, goals on the first practice days are those least important to build the student's confidence. (T/F) - False Acquiring a skill is indifferent to right and wrong practice. (T/F) - True Because of the research evidence that is available, it is recommended that teachers use distributed practice when the student motivation to learn is high. (T/F) - False What is presented in the manual as a preferred means to effective practice? - Shorter, more frequent sessions What is the intrinsic benefit of transfer practice? - Experience pressure of performing skill in a playing context What valuable characteristic is shared by both intrinsic and augmented feedback? - Can provide relevant or irrelevant info about golf skill What is one way teachers can positively influence student motivation to practice? - - Set Goals
  • Incorporate variety
  • Competition
  • Fun What can students demonstrate as a result of transfer practice? - Better performance under pressure List the six key principles of practice conditions that optimize the learning of golf skills and play. - 1. Purpose
  1. Properly
  2. Relevant Feedback
  3. Right Things
  4. Right Amount
  5. When Motivated

Exam updated 100%.

According to the course manual, what are the three ultimate purposes or goals for practicing? - - Skill Development

  • Maintenance
  • Transfer What is practice is used for? - Prerequisite for learning, improving, and maintaining golf skills According to the course manual, as a general guideline, the duration of a practice session for adults should be about how long? - 1 - 2 Hours A teaching aid is a physical or mental exercise that is practiced to improve golf skill learning. (T/F) - False Training aids should help decrease student dependency on intrinsic feedback. (T/F) - False Learning aids should be evaluated on how well the help the teacher communicate a concept or improve a golf skill. (T/F) - True Imagining practice with an in-swing training aid is an example of using an external cue. (T/F) - False Low skill golfers tend to learn better when they keep their focus on external cues. (T/F) - True An internal cue allows the student's motor system to perform more naturally than an external cue (T/F) - False Massed practice is a possible cause of a performance plateau. (T/F) - False A performance plateau indicates that the student is no longer learning. (T/F) - False Training aids should be evaluated on how well they help the teacher communicate a concept. (T/F) - False Teaching aids should be evaluated on how well they help the teacher communicate a concept. (T/F) - True What is an example of an external cue? - - Visualize hitting a fade
  • Think clubhead outside the hands
  • Toe beats the heel

Exam updated 100%.

Which student predisposition must a teacher overcome to develop an interactive lesson climate? - Student reluctant to speak Which is an effective way for a teacher to maintain the flow of the lesson? - - Develop interactive lesson climate

  • Ask Questions
  • Engage student about knowledge and task at hand For golf professionals to develop into successful teachers what needs to be developed and incorporated into their lessons? - - Solid communication skills
  • Dependable methods to convey information What should the teacher leave the student with when closing a lesson? - - Positive image
  • Open door to future learning
  • More rewarding golf experiences What strategy should an instructor use to engage the student at the beginning of the lesson? - - Establish instructional goals
  • Provide overview of how goals will be achieved What is an example of a momentum blocker? - - Lack of punctuality
  • Quality of equipment
  • Temperature distraction How can instructors teach students that what they just learned is part of a bigger picture? - By informing student new skills will be:
  • Built upon in the next lesson
  • Needs to be practiced to develop and permanently improve What is one way to diminish the spontaneity and creativity that bring life to a lesson? - Too much routine What type of practice is the least conducive way to keep the student's enthusiasm when transferring a golf skill learned on the lesson tee to the golf course? - Massed practice Instructors should operate on the assumption that their students with modest talent will experience greater frustration than others who are naturally athletic. (T/F) - False For practice to be effective, students must hit golf balls. (T/F) - False One of the measures of a learning aid's validity is the extent to which it does what the manufacturer represents it does. (T/F) - True

Exam updated 100%.

The "Hit the Tee" drill can be effective in creating clubhead speed. (T/F) - True Intrinsic Feedback is under direct manipulation by teachers and coaches. (T/F) - False According to the course manual, the duration of a practice session for juniors should be at least one hour? (T/F) - False The more time taken between shots, the more massed the practice. (T/F) - False Prescribing practice should be a part of every lesson. (T/F) - True When a golfer develops a new technique on the practice tee, the new skill is unlikely to fail in competitive situations. (T/F) - False When developing new skills, one long practice session is better than more frequent, shorter practice sessions. (T/F) - False Watching technique demonstration videos and practicing without hitting golf balls is an ineffective way to learn any motor skill. (T/F) - False Immediately before a round generally is not a good time to practice. (T/F) - True What is missing from a lesson that included a swing and physical conditioning evaluation followed by swing improvement communications? - Prescribed Practice What else should be included in a lesson plan that already has a swing diagnostic and swing improvement instruction? - Practice Recommendations Generally speaking, what time is better than the others for working on a problem shot? - After a round Under what circumstance would "best-ball" be a good practice technique? - To build confidence and positive feelings Which drill is the most effective for influencing centeredness of contact? - - Gradual Length Drill

  • Divot Drill
  • Toe up to Toe up
  • Face Tape
  • Outside/Inside Drill What drill would be most helpful for a person who is having trouble squaring the clubface at impact? - - Swingyde Drill

Exam updated 100%.

What is a question to ask when assessing the importance of technology? - - Will it speed progress

  • Help student/teacher understanding of the game
  • Make practice more productive
  • Make the game more enjoyable What can be captured using 3D Motion Analysis? - The efficiency of body movements during the swing The golfer is directed to which stage of learning when receiving too much technological information? - Cognitive Stage According to the course manual, what percentage of players have been professionally fit for their putter? - 5% What factor should the professional not use in their determination on how much technological information be delivered to the student? - Teacher needs an idea of what needs to be addressed What factor should the professional consider when determining how much technological information should be delivered to the student? - Playing level and personality of the student Which technology may be beneficial if video shows the student has poor dynamic balance? - Balance and Pressure Plates What can cause incorrect interpretations of images produced by Video Feedback? - Camera Angles that change from shot to shot A teacher's views, beliefs, and attitudes for golf and teaching help define a teacher's methodology. (T/F) - True A teacher's methodology is the foundation of a systematic instructional approach. (T/F) - True A good teacher has many methods of teaching, but a great teacher has one method. (T/F) - False Expert teachers work on the swing while new teachers work on the results of the swing. (T/F) - False A high swing arc tends to partner with less lateral body movement? (T/F) - False

Exam updated 100%.

An open-faced grip tends to partner with which release patterns through impact? (T/F) - Livelier arms and hands release at impact A closed-face grip tends to partner with which release patterns through impact? (T/F) - A rotating body and less hands and arms release The importance of the short game typically is appreciated by both the golf Instructor and the student. (T/F) - False The method is equally as important as the effectiveness of the assessment when determining a student's skill level. (T/F) - False A primary goal of any teacher should be to align the student's expectations to his or her practice and play time, and commitment level to improve. (T/F) - True Expert teachers that are satisfied with their knowledge and methodology have little need to pursue new information that makes them more effective. (T/F) - False In the Club Behind the Cup Drill, the goal is either to make the putt or hit a shaft placed 36 inches behind the cup. (T/F) - False The Eyes Closed Putting Drill is designed to help a student improve directional control. (T/F) - False The One-Foot Interval Ladder Drill has the player starting eight feet away from the cup and progressively moving one foot closer as each putt is holed. (T/F) - False According to the survey responses from expert teachers in the course manual, what is the most common approach used when teaching the short game? - Verbal Explanation When chipping, which drill can help a golfer create the appropriate amount of extension through impact? - Hold the Finish Drill What is the purpose of positioning a tee to the outside and inside of the ball, perpendicular to the target line, and slightly wider than the clubhead? - Swing back and through properly When using the extended club drill in chipping practice, if the extension hits the player's side, this is an indication of which swing errors? - Too much wrist action through impact What pitching drills helps to minimize lateral body motion? - Two Piece Backswing Drill What drills can be used to determine the correct ball position for a greenside bunker shot? - 2 Ball or 3 Ball Drill

Exam updated 100%.

What is the probable in-swing result at impact for a player who shows an anterior lower back tilt? - Inability to maintain spine angle What is one means of correcting an upper cross syndrome? - Strengthen and lengthen tight and weak muscles What does the stretch shortening cycle do? - Creates explosive movement What is the function of the stretch shortening cycle? - To create powerful, concentric contraction Speed of movement What swing problem is associated with a right-leg dominant stance? - Hanging back What can a forward head position with rounded shoulders at address cause? - Over the Top Swing Which is an indication of an anterior tilt in the pelvis? - Restricted torso rotation and tilted spine angle What comprises the axial skeleton? - Torso and Head