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The beginning and ending of the menstrual cycle in females, known as menarche and menopause respectively. Menarche typically occurs between the ages of 11 to 16 and is influenced by various factors such as genetics, nutrition, and exercise. Menarche signals the beginning of reproductive ability and is associated with the development of secondary sex organs. The document also covers the pathophysiology of early and late menarche, including factors such as stress, diet, and abnormalities of the female genital tract.
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Menarche is the beginning of menstrual cycle in females and menopause is the ending of menstrual cycle in females.
The beginning of menstrual cycle in female occurs approximately between the age group of 11 to 16 years. Menarcheal age depends upon socioeconomic conditions, genetics, general health, nutritional status, exercise, seasonality etc. menarche signals is the beginning of reproductive ability and closely associated with development of secondary sex organs. symptoms : during menarche there is increase in the bone mass. Estrogen level increases during menarche. Acne, irritability mood swing are the common signs of menarche.
Main reason for early menarche stress full family environment. adolacents from families of high socioeconomic status. consuming more animal protein and less vegetable protein. having a overweight or obese EMI a risk factor. formula feeding during early infancy.
Main reason for late menarche low body mass due to starvation malabsorption eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa. Abnormalities of female genital tract. Absence of normal uterus and vagina mullerian agenesis