Partial preview of the text
Download FIELD CRAFT 2 WITH ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
1. Meninges fis three membranes that cover and protects the brain and spinal cord 2. Dura mater is outermost membrane; most resilient 3. arachnoid mater Ans central layer 4. pia mater iis Thin, innermost layer of the meninges 5. Cerebrum is largest part of the brain; houses sensory functions, motor functions, and higher intellectual functions such as intelligence and memory 6. Cerebellum Wins controls primitive functions, coordination, and balance 7. Brain stem Ans controls vital body functions such as cardio-respiratory functions 8. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is produced in the Wiis ventricles of the brain 9. Scalp wounds Ans bleed profusely because the scalp has many blood vessels 1/23 includes lacerations, abrasions, avulsion, and de-gloving injuries 10. Linear skull fracture Ans Account for 80% of skull fractures; also referred to as nondisplaced skull fractures; commonly occur in the temporal-parietal region of the skull; not associated with deformities to the skull. 11. Depressed skull fracture Ans Fragments of the skull are displaced into the brain tissue. Compresses brain tissue closed - increased risk of intracranial hematoma open - increased risk for infection 12. Basilar skull fractures WMA fractures of the floor of the cranium should be suspected if CFS is draining from nose, ears preorbital ecchymosis - racoon eyes ecchymosis over the mastoid - Battle's sign 13. Nasal fractures Ais epistaxis, edema, ecchymosis, deformity, and crepitus are indications of nasal fx 14. Mandible fracture Ans Casualty with this type of fracture will commonly report their teeth no longer "fit together" correctly. (Malocclusion of the teeth) 15. Mid Face fractures Wiis face may appear asymmetrical or flattened inability to close mouth may be reported 17. Respiratory management for HEAD INJURY Ans DO NOT hyperventilate ventilate at 20 breaths/min maintain SPO2 of 90% or greater 18. Circulation management for HEAD INJURY Ans if SIGNIFICANT hemorrhage is present, use only sufficient pressure to stop the flow of blood soft tissue injuries w/ SIGNIFIANT hemorrhage, control with pressure on the edges of the wound pressure dressings should NOT be applied to depressed or open skull fx, "donut" 19. Shock management for HEAD INJURY Ans if BP monitoring is available, target systolic BP of at least 100-110mmHG resus as necessary to restore and maintain normal radial pulse 20. Pain control for HEAD INJURY Ans Morphine is NOT recommended, effect of intracranial pressure Ketamine and Fentanyl can be used with MILD TBI, if they are still talking to you it is generally safe to use Fentanyl is the preferred choice but MUST monitor for respiratory depression 21. Pupil size difference of greater than is considered abnor- mal Ans 1.0mm 22. reasons for abnormal pupillary response that are NOT head injury related- 4/B Ans hypothermia anoxia (total or near total lack of 02) lightning strike optic nerve injury react trauma to the eye drug reactions 23. cerebral perfusion is jeopardized when the head is elevated past Ans 30 de- grees 24. In a 9 line MEDEVAC request, significant head injuries are relayed as due toa issue Wiig URGENT SURGICAL neurological 25. Cushing's Triad (Cushing's Phenomenon, Cushing's Syndrome) Ans Hyperten- sion consciousness >24 hrs, posttraumatic amnesia >1/<7 days GCS 9-12 brain imaging normal or abnormal 31. Severe TBI Ans LOC of more than 24 hours alteration of consciousness >24hrs Posttraumatic amnesia of more than 7 days GCS score of 3-8 brain imaging normal or abnormal 32. examples of severe TBIs Ans intracranial hematoma, epidural hematoma, subdur- al hematoma, cerebral contusions, subarachnoid hemorrhage 33. military standard for evaluation of acute mild TBI in operational settings Wins - Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) 2 card 34. Where is a MACE 2 eval performed? WA BAS or MTF NOT in CUF/TFC 35. If no MACE 2 baseline score is available, a score of or below is considered the best indicator for true cognitive impairment from a concussion ins 25 36. Exposure to the following events, MANDATES prompt command and med- ical concussion eval, event reporting, and a 24 HOUR’ REST PERIOD Ais any SM in a vehicle associated w/ blast event, collision, or rollover SM within 50 meters of a blast a direct blow to the head command directed, such as repeated exposures 37. RED FLAGS in a concussion eval include is deteriorating level of conscious- ness double vision/loss of vision increased restlessness, agitation, or combative behavior repeat vomiting seizures weakness, tingling in arms or legs severe or worsening headache abnormal results from CT/MRI (if available) 38. Service members displaying RED FLAGS in a concussion eval should be Ans referred to MO immediately transported 39. sclera 46. FIRST step for treating ocular chemical burns Wiis the eye must be flushed first while supplies last or until casualty reaches MTF 47. APEL stands for Wiis Authorized Protective Eyewear List 48. antibiotic used for ocular injuries Ans Moxifloxacin (Avelox) 49. treatment considerations for embedded or penetrating foreign objects in the eye Ans DO NOT attempt to remove object stabilize object cover with Fox Eye shield if possible 50. ocular extrusion Ans eye is protruding from socket 51. essential step for treating thermal, chemical burns of the eye ns sTOP the burning process 52. Abdominal boundaries Ans - Superior Ans Diaphragm - Inferior Ans Pelvis - Posterior MAS Vertebral column and posterior and inferior ribs 10/23 - Lateral Ans Muscles of the flank - Anterior fis Abdominal muscles 53. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) Ans liver, gallbladder, duodenum, head of pancreas, right kidney and adrenal, part of ascending and transverse colon abdominal aorta (along line separating RUQ and LUQ) 54. Left Upper Quadrant is stomach, spleen, tail of the pancreas, left kidney, left renal artery abdominal aorta (along line separating RUQ and LUQ) 55. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) Ans contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter, right iliac artery 56. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) is contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter, left iliac artery 57. the liver stores of total blood volume Wis 10% 58. function of the liver Ans Produces bile, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores glyco- gen, produces blood plasma proteins and detoxifies substances in blood 59. function of bile 11/23 62. insulin ins A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues 63. Glucagon Ans A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin. 64. function of the small intestine Ais absorption of carbs, proteins, fats, ions, and water 65. Function of large intestine (colon) iis absorption of electrolytes and water storage of fecal matter for excretion 66. the colon can absorb liters of water per day Wis 5-7 67. function of stomach Wis stores large quantities of food until it is converted into chyme secretes digestive juices, enzymes 68. function of spleen As stores RBCs and platelets, removes worn out or defective RBCs and platelets 69. the spleen is and if injured, may result in Ans highly vascular, massive hemorrhage 70. function of kidneys Ans filter blood and produce urine regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base content of blood 71. solid organs Wins liver, spleen, aorta, vena cava 72. blood loss in the peritoneal cavity, regardless of the source, will contribute to is hypovolemic shock 73. hollow organs Wis stomach, intestines, gallbladder, urinary bladder 74. inflammation of the peritoneum or lining of the abdominal cavity Ans peritonitis 75. massive systemic infection that includes hypotension, decreased urine output, AMS Ans Sepsis 76. abdominal trauma that poses a greater threat to life, can be difficult to diagnose, and evidence may not appear on cas for Ans blunt abdominal trauma 77. organs are crushed between solid objects Ans compression injuries 78. What percent of stab wounds require surgical intervention? Wis 15% 79. What percent of GSW require surgical intervention? Wins 85% 80. most common cause of penetrating injuries in combat Wiis fragmentation 81. key indicators for high index of suspicion for abdominal injuries Ans hypov- olemic shock with no obvious cause obvious signs of trauma degree of shock is greater than suspected with obvious injuries presence of 14/23 hours 82. primary goal is assessing for an abdominal trauma Wis establishing injury does indeed exist 83. hollow organs can rupture with no obvious external injury due to Ans overpres- sure 84. sign an overpressure injury may exist iis ruptured TMs 85. most reliable indicator for intraabdominal bleeding Ans hypovolemic shock with from an unexplained source 86. adult peritoneal cavity can hold up to of fluid before evidence of distention is apparent is 1.5L 87. palpation for combat related abdominal injuries Ans light palpation of each quadrant for tenderness and rigidity is all that is required 88. deep or aggressive palpation of the abdomen may cause Ans blood clots to dislodge promote existing hemorrhage increase spillage of contents into the Gl tract 89. 3 steps of palpation for pelvic stability Ans 1. press posteriorly on the iliac crest 2. press inward on the iliac crest 3. press posteriorly on the symphysis pubis 90. Any combat casualty with a penetrating wound from the to the needs a routine surgical evaluation Ans nipple line, buttocks 16/23 91. Casualties with abdominal trauma are categorized as Ans Urgent Surgical 92. when possible, an abdominal trauma casualty should be positioned for transport AS with knees bent 93. Management for abdominal injury - impaled objects Ans DO NOT remove object stabilize object manually or mechanically apply direct pressure around the edges of a wound to control bleeding palpation of abdomen should NOT be conducted 94. management for eviscerations Ais applya clean or sterile dressing that has been moistened with saline do NOT attempt to replace the protruding segment avoid actions that may increase intra-abdominal pressure (crying, coughing, screaming, bearing down) 95. Until the week, the uterus remains protected by the pelvis Wiis 12th 96. position for transport of a heavily pregnant casualty Aas on left side, elevate casualty's right leg, or manually displace uterus to the left 97. damage to kidneys, bladder, and/or ureters often present with , often unobservable in the combat environment Ais hematuria 98. Which burn casualties require special consideration for transport? iis inhala- tion burns Ans 170lbs male w/ approx. 30% TBSA burns 30(%TBSA) X 10mlI/hr = 300mI/hr 104. Rule of Tens example 2 Ans is 205|bs male with approx. 50%TBSA burns 50(%TBSA) x 10ml/hr = 500ml/hr + 100mI/hr = 600mI/hr 105. titrate fluids until urine output is is 30-50mI/hr 106. burns with minor tissue damage that reddens the epidermis only, heals in 3-6 days Ans First degree burns 107. damage through the epidermis and in the a variable depth of the dermis that appears mottled (blotchy), red with weeping blisters, heals in 2-4 weeks- Ws Second degree burns 108. damage to all layers of the integumentary system, appear charred, translucent, pearly white with a surface that is dry with thrombosed blood vessels WMS Third degree burns 109. damages not only the skin but also involvement of underlying layers of the subcutaneous tissue, muscle, bones, and/or internal organs lis Fourth degree burns 110. the largest sesmoid bone in the body is the Ans patella 111. hinge joint Ais Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane (flexes/extends) 
