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AIDS stands for
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
TERM 2
Syndrome
DEFINITION 2
have more than one symptom that are linked together to
characterize an illness
TERM 3
3 cities AIDS first appears in
DEFINITION 3
NYC, Chicago, San Francisco
TERM 4
2 symptoms shown by depression of immune
system (by CDC)
DEFINITION 4
cancer involving blood vessels lung infection
TERM 5
Kaposi's
Sarcoma
DEFINITION 5
when cells are damaged from cancer of endothelial cells, you
get purple blotches all over the skin
Pneumonia caused by
a FUNGUS called "pneumocystis"
TERM 7
Robert Gallo
DEFINITION 7
1st American scientist to prove particular leukemia is caused
by virus Discovers "retrovirus"
TERM 8
retrovirus
DEFINITION 8
retro- to reverse ex: instead of DNA to RNA, genetic material
flow from RNA to DNA
TERM 9
Dr. Luc Montagnier
DEFINITION 9
French scientist who really discovered before Gallo isolated
virus budding from swollen lymph nodes that were removed
from gay male in Paris and suggested this was the cause of
AIDS
TERM 10
in early 1980s AIDS first involved what small
group?
DEFINITION 10
male homosexuals
CDC definition of AIDS
Had: 1. Pneumocystis 2. Kaposi's Sarcoma
TERM 17
2nd definition of AIDS
DEFINITION 17
Anyone who made antibodies to HIV and who have
opportunistic infection
TERM 18
Today's definition
DEFINITION 18
infection where not only HIV is present, but also Human
Herpes 6 Virus
TERM 19
What kills the AIDS patient?
DEFINITION 19
Opportunistic infections
TERM 20
What is the FIRST infection that develops with
AIDS?
DEFINITION 20
yeast infection of the mouth called "thrush" AKA:
Mucocutaneous Candidas (caused by Candida Albicans)
Life expectancy of AIDS patient prior to 1985
12-18 months
TERM 22
Walter Reed
DEFINITION 22
developed another AIDS classification in DC based it on the
level of T4 cells
TERM 23
Normal T4 cell count
DEFINITION 23
TERM 24
First sign of progression of AIDS
DEFINITION 24
T4 cell count drops to ~400 when 1st infections are seen
(such as thrush)
TERM 25
What is the T4 cell count when Pneumocystis
occurs?
DEFINITION 25
Examples of how AIDS is acquired
blood transfusions, IV drug use, Hemophiliacs
TERM 32
Hemophiliacs
DEFINITION 32
blood doesn't clot properly because they lack Factor 8
TERM 33
How did Factor 8 cause
AIDS?
DEFINITION 33
patients were given accidental contaminated Factor 8 the
Factor 8 was sterilized by membrane filtration which can't
filter viruses
TERM 34
Any cell with this type of marker will have
ability to be infected
DEFINITION 34
CD
TERM 35
How is virus passed from T cell to B cell?
DEFINITION 35
during process of helping B cell differentiation then B cell is
stimulated to dive and divide, which then causes swollen
lymph nodes
Macrophages
when they're infected, virus isn't killed reservoir for shedding
of virus through life
TERM 37
Glial cells
DEFINITION 37
have CD4 marker and can be infected in brain
TERM 38
Chromaffin Cells
DEFINITION 38
in colon; one of the first cells infected due to anal sex
TERM 39
2 types of HIV virus
DEFINITION 39
HIV 1: dominant in US, Europe, and Asia HIV 2: sub-sahara
Africa
TERM 40
HIV 2 symotom
DEFINITION 40
excessive weight loss "slim disease"
Giant cells undergo
apoptosis, which can kill up to 10 cells at a time, eventually
killing off T4 population
TERM 47
When virus enters the body: (2)
DEFINITION 47
1. doesn't immediately divide 2. consists of 2 pieces of RNA
(only one used for expression, other is spare)
TERM 48
Which degrades, RNA or DNA?
DEFINITION 48
RNA
TERM 49
Degrading of RNA then causes this:
DEFINITION 49
duplicates DNA to form double stranded DNA
TERM 50
DNA inserts into lymphocytes and waits to
divide. What contact causes this?
DEFINITION 50
Antigen contact
Integrase
enzyme produced by retrovirus that integrates DNA into
chromosomes
TERM 52
3 important proteins in retrovirus:
DEFINITION 52
1. reverse transcriptase 2. protease 3. integrase
TERM 53
How do we diagnose today?
DEFINITION 53
look for antibodies to surface component of AIDS called "GP
TERM 54
GP
DEFINITION 54
transmembrane protein found in envelope of cirus; bound to
GP
TERM 55
AIDS doesn't lyse cell, instead:
DEFINITION 55
pushes through and buds out of cell and takes part of host
ELISA test is what type of test?
Screening test
TERM 62
If ELISA test is (+) what test is next?
DEFINITION 62
Western Blot test
TERM 63
Western Blot test is what type of
test?
DEFINITION 63
Confirmation test
TERM 64
Strip that is used on Western Blot
test
DEFINITION 64
Cellulose Nitrate strip
TERM 65
1st treatment of AIDS
DEFINITION 65
Nucleotide inhibitors
Nucleotide inhibitors inhibit what?
Reverse Transcriptase
TERM 67
First nucleotide inhibitor drug
DEFINITION 67
AZT; azidothymidine
TERM 68
Azidothymidine
DEFINITION 68
1st AIDS drug but very toxic; virus quickly mutated to it
TERM 69
Harvard grad made what?
DEFINITION 69
Cocktail of inhibitors: AZT, DDI, DDC
TERM 70
Large viral protein molecules from AIDS are
chopped into pieces by what?
DEFINITION 70
Protease
When disease progress, you show:
Dementia, weight loss, diarrhea
TERM 77
85% cases got through
how?
DEFINITION 77
sexual intercourse, IV drug use, blood transfusion
TERM 78
Vast majority of virus is in what?
DEFINITION 78
Plasma
