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Chordata
Chordates Chordates are animals which are either vertebrates or one of several closely related invertebrates. TERM 2
Characteristics of Chordates
DEFINITION 2 Notochord dorsal nerve chord pharyngeal gill slits muscualr post anal tail endostyle gland TERM 3
notochord
DEFINITION 3 The notochord is a flexible, rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. site for muscle attachment TERM 4
pharyngeal gill
slits
DEFINITION 4 Pharyngeal slits are filter-feeding organs found in non- vertebrate chordates and hemichordates living in aquatic environments. -functioned as food collection structure in early chordates TERM 5
Muscualr post anal tail
DEFINITION 5 -for locomotion in aquatic chordates
endostyle gland
gland that produces mucus to trap food in filter-feeding forms; thyroid gland in more advanced forms TERM 7
protochordates
DEFINITION 7 tunicates and lancelets TERM 8
vertebrates
DEFINITION 8 Vertebrates are animals that are members of the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones and spinal columns). - pisces;fish TERM 9
tetrapods
DEFINITION 9 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals TERM 10
subphylum urochordata
DEFINITION 10 tunicates -sessile as adults -suspension feeders
agnathans
Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata. TERM 17
class myxini
DEFINITION 17 hagfish TERM 18
class
cephalospidomorphi
DEFINITION 18 lampreys TERM 19
class myxini/cephalospidomorphi
DEFINITION 19 cartligineous/fibrous tissue skeleton z-chambered heart 2 pair of kidneys 7 pairs of gills TERM 20
class chondrichthyes
DEFINITION 20 cartilage fishs sharks rays scales rat fishes with paired fins with placoid scales enamel cover over dentine case 2 chambered heart 5 to 7 gills 1 pair of kidneys, urea in blood, so are hypertinuc to sea
hypertonic to sea water
cant absorb H2O and produce high level of dilute urine TERM 22
reproduction in chondrichthyes
DEFINITION 22 oviporous TERM 23
oviporous
DEFINITION 23 lay eggs outside the body TERM 24
class
osteichthyces
DEFINITION 24 bony fishes with: jaws paired fins and scales of bone 2 chambered heart variable # of gill pairs counter currents of resp. gases TERM 25
subclass actinopterygil
DEFINITION 25 ray finned fishes most of diversity in bony fishes
soft keratin
located in epidermis waterproofs skin TERM 32
ectothermic
DEFINITION 32 colb blooded -body temperature regulated by surrounding environment ex: fishes, amphibians,reptiles, vertebrates TERM 33
endothermic
DEFINITION 33 body temp is regulated internally ex birds, mammals TERM 34
order Anura
DEFINITION 34 grogs and toads TERM 35
Order Urodela
DEFINITION 35 salomander
forebrain
olfaction TERM 37
midbrain
DEFINITION 37 eyesight TERM 38
hindbrain
DEFINITION 38 involuntary functions (heart rate, breathing, balance) TERM 39
Class
Reptilia
DEFINITION 39 skin covered with scales of hard keratin from epidermis (fish scales from dermis) 3 chmbered heart in most reptiles; seperate pulmonary/ systemis circuits repsiration via lungs pair of reabsorptive kidneys; uric acid and waste oviporous; produce a shelled amniotic egg; internal fertalization TERM 40
amniotic egg
DEFINITION 40 amnion fluid yolle sac allantios- collects uric acid
pit vipers
snakes with pit organs senses infared heat tongue picks up tastes from outside TERM 47
order
crocodillia
DEFINITION 47 alligators, crocodiles, gaviels have 4 chambered hearts TERM 48
Class Aves
DEFINITION 48 birds TERM 49
Archaeopterix
DEFINITION 49 fossil with reptillian skeleton and feathers live about 150 mya had solid teeth/tailbone/ floating ribs/ a flat sternum TERM 50
Modern
Birds
DEFINITION 50 hollow bones no teeth no tail no floating ribs a keeled sternum
Bird Charac
skin with keratin feathers and scales structures are produced by epidermis 4 chambered heart lungs with air sacs to ensure fresh air is always in lungs reabsorptive kidneys (water consuming) oviperous migration- onset of warmer months triggers build up of fat supply; gonadal supplement TERM 52
class mammalia
DEFINITION 52 mammals TERM 53
synapsid lineage
DEFINITION 53 therapsid TERM 54
mammalia charac
DEFINITION 54 heair made of keratin; produced by epidermal glands called follicules epidermal glands sweat glands for evaporative cooling sebaceous glands mammary glands TERM 55
Mammalia charc 2
DEFINITION 55 horns antlers- made entirely of bone true horns- bone core covered by a hard keratin sheath 4chambered heart- seperate pulmonary and systemic circuits
ear parts
ear drum 3 ear bones (outer,middle, inner ear) TERM 62
inner ear
DEFINITION 62 cochlea connected (organ of hearing) TERM 63
Cochlea
DEFINITION 63 fluid filled structure contains sensory hairs inside canal.sned signal to brain through auditory nerve TERM 64
olfaction
DEFINITION 64 sense of smell TERM 65
reproduction
DEFINITION 65 oviporous mammals rare- platypus
marsupials
young emerge as poorly developed and finish dev. outisde woumb ex kangaroo TERM 67
placental
DEFINITION 67 most mammals; long gestational period TERM 68
Adaptations in cold env. by small mammals
DEFINITION 68 hibernate TERM 69
Adaptations in cold env. by large mammals
DEFINITION 69 fur thickens during winter body extremeties are allowed to cool while core stays warm excercise to produce heat shivering TERM 70
Adaptations in warm temp by small animals
DEFINITION 70 nocturnal hibernate (during day)
