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BIOD 121 Final Exam Study Guide: Nutrition and Metabolism, Exams of Nutrition

Bergen Community CollegeNutrition

This study guide provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts in nutrition and metabolism, covering topics such as hunger vs. Appetite, macronutrients, calorie calculations, digestion, blood sugar regulation, and energy balance. It includes multiple-choice questions with answers, making it a valuable resource for students preparing for their final exam in biod 121.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/30/2025

Nursebrahim01
Nursebrahim01 🇺🇸

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Final exam BIOD 121 Study Guide Questions With
Reviewed Answers Latest 2025/2026 GRADED A+
100% COMPLETE
1. Whatfisfthefdifferencefbetweenfhungerfandfappetite?:fHunger:fInternalfdrive
thatfpromptsfnegativefsensationsfforfusftoffindffoodfandfeat
Appetite:fExternalfdrivefthatfisfafpositivefsensation;fafdesireftofconsumefspecificffoods.
2. ListftwofexamplesfoffCognitivefexternalfforcesfthatfcanfinfluencefeatingfhabitsf
andfcommentfonfyourfpersonalfexperiencefwithfeachfoffthem.:fHabits,fComfortffoo
ds,fAdvertising,fSocialfFactors,fNutritionalfValue
3. 1. isfthefinternalfdriveftoffindfandfeatffood.fOftenfexperi-
fencedfasfaf2. sensation.:f1.fHunger
2.fnegative
4. Vitaminsfarefconsideredfboth:
a. MacronutrientsfandfInorganic
b. MacronutrientsfandfOrganic
c. MicronutrientsfandfOrganic
d. MicronutrientsfandfInorganic:fb.fMacronutrientsfandfOrganic
5. Definefmacronutrients:fnutrientsfneededfinflargefamountsfinfthefbody
6. Iffaffudgefbrowniefhasf14fgramsfoffcarbohydrates,f2fgramfoffproteinfandf9fgram
sfofffat.fHowfmanyfcaloriesfarefinfthefbrownie?:f14fxf4f=f56
2fxf4f=f8
9fxf9f=f81
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Partial preview of the text

Download BIOD 121 Final Exam Study Guide: Nutrition and Metabolism and more Exams Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity!

Final exam BIOD 121 Study Guide Questions With

Reviewed Answers Latest 2025/2026 GRADED A+

100% COMPLETE

  1. Whatfisfthefdifferencefbetweenfhungerfandfappetite?:fHunger:fInternalfdrive thatfpromptsfnegativefsensationsfforfusftoffindffoodfandfeat Appetite:fExternalfdrivefthatfisfafpositivefsensation;fafdesireftofconsumefspecificf foods.
  2. ListftwofexamplesfoffCognitivefexternalfforcesfthatfcanfinfluencefeatingf habitsf andfcommentfonfyourfpersonalfexperiencefwithfeachfoffthem.:fHabits,f Comfortffoo ds,fAdvertising,fSocialfFactors,fNutritionalfValue
    1. isfthefinternalfdriveftoffindfandfeatffood.fOftenfexperi- f encedfasfaf2. sensation.:f1.fHunger 2.fnegative
  4. Vitaminsfarefconsideredfboth: a. MacronutrientsfandfInorganic b. MacronutrientsfandfOrganic c. MicronutrientsfandfOrganic d. MicronutrientsfandfInorganic:fb.fMacronutrientsfandfOrganic
  5. Definefmacronutrients:fnutrientsfneededfinflargefamountsfinfthefbody
  6. Iffaffudgefbrowniefhasf 14 fgramsfoffcarbohydrates,f 2 fgramfoffproteinfandf 9 f gram sfofffat.fHowfmanyfcaloriesfarefinfthefbrownie?:f 14 fxf 4 f=f 56 2 fxf 4 f=f 8 9 fxf 9 f=f 81

56 f+f 8 f+f 81 f=f 145 fcalories

  1. Thefcurrentfrecommendationftofmaintainfyourfbodyfweightfisf 2000 fcaloriesf dail y.fYoufshouldfnotfconsumefanyfmorefthanf65%foffyourfcaloriesffromfcar- fbohydrates.fHowfmanyfgramsfoffcarbohydratesfshouldfyoufeatfinfafday?:f 325 f gra ms (2000fxf.65f=f1300) 1300 fcaloriesf/f 4 f=f 325 fgramsfoffcarbs
  2. 1.fThefstatefof nutritionfcanfbefachievedfbyfeatingfaf varietyfofffoodsfwhichfprovidefallfthefe ssentialfnutrients. 2.fMalnutritionfcanfeitherfbefafnutritionalfstatefof or f nutrition.:f1.fdesirable 2.fA.foverfB.funder

Thefileocecalfsphincterfpreventsfthefcontentsfofftheflargefintestineffromfenteringfthef smallf intestine.

  1. Definefthefrolefoffenzymesfinfdigestion. Arefenzymesfanfexamplefoffthefchemicalforfmechanicalfprocessfoffdiges- f tion?:fEnzymesfrolefisftofbreakdownffoodfparticlesfintofsmallerfpartsfandfreadiesf thefnu trientsfforfabsorption.fEnzymesfarefanfexamplefoffchemicalfdigestion.
  2. Carbohydratesfcanfbefclassifiedfasfmonosaccharides,fdisaccharides,f p olysaccharidesfandffiber.fMatchftheffollowingfwithfthefdescriptions. a. Monosaccharides b. Disaccharides c. InsolublefFiber d. SolublefFiber e. FunctionalfFiber
  1. f Examplesfincludefsucrosefandfmaltose
  2. f Examplesfincludeffructosefandfgalactose
  3. f Addedftoffoodfforfintestinalfhealth
  4. f DissolvesfinfthefGIftract
  5. f Alsofcalledfnon-fermentableffiber:f1. disaccharides
  6. f monosaccharides
  7. f functionalffiber
  8. f solubleffiber
  9. f insolubleffiber 17.fCarbohydratesfcanfbefclassifiedfasfmonosaccharides,fdisaccharides,f polys accharidesfandffiber.fMatchftheffollowingfwithfthefdescriptions. a. Monosaccharides b. Disaccharides c. InsolublefFiber d. SolublefFiber e. FunctionalfFiber
  10. Anfexamplefisfgalactose
  11. Promotesfintestinalfhealthfandfisfaddedftoffoods
  12. NotfbrokenfdownfbyfbacteriafinfthefGIftract
  13. Maltosefandfsucrosefarefexamples

d.Excessfglucosefisfstoredfasfglycogen:fc.Glucagonfhelpsftoflowerfbloodfsugarf level s

  1. Whatfisftheffunctionfoffglucagon?:fGlucagonfisfreleasedffromfthefpancreas.f Thisf hormonefconvertsfliverfglycogenftofglucosefandfimprovesfbloodfsugarftof greaterfthanf 7 0 fmg/dl.
  2. Nameftheffoodfgroupsfthatfvegansfwillfincludefinftheirfdietfandfthosefthatf theyf avoid.:fVegansfwillfconsumefplantffoodsfonly.
  3. Thefbiologicalfvaluefoffafproteinfisfdifferentfin (A) vsfplantf sources. f (B) sourcesfarefconsideredfhighfqualityforfcompletefproteins.f Plantfsourcesfa refconsideredflowerfqualityfor (C) protein.fWhenftwoforfmorefplantfproteinsfcombine,fthefproteinsfarefcalledf complimentaryfproteins.fAfconditionfresultingffromfregularlyfconsumingf insuffic ientfamountsfoffproteinsfandfcaloriesfisfcalledfprotein- calorief malnutrition.:fA.fanimal B. Animal C. incomplete
  4. WhichfofftheffollowingfisfNOTftruefconcerningffatsfandflipids? a. PolyunsaturatedffattyfacidsfcausefthefgreatestfincreasefinfLDLflevels b. Afrelationshipfhasfbeenffoundfbetweenfafdietfhighfinffatfandfcardiovascularf dise ase c. Someffatfisfnecessaryfinfourfdiet

d. Toflowerfbloodfcholesterolflevelsfchooseffoodsfmadefwithfunsaturatedf fat s:fa.fPolyunsaturatedffattyfacidsfcausefthefgreatestfincreasefinfLDLflevels

  1. Whatfareflipoproteinsfcomprisedfof?:fLipoproteinsfareflipidsfsurroundedfbyfaf shel lfoffprotein,fphospholipidsfandfcholesterol.
  2. Definefproteinfcaloriefmalnutrition.:fProteinfcaloriefmalnutritionfisfinadequatef int akefoffproteinfandfcaloriesfoverfafperiodfofftimefwhichfleadsftofmusclefwasting,f andfincre asedfriskfoffinfectionfdueftofafcompromisedfimmunefsystem.
  3. Thefbiologicalfvaluefoffafproteinfisfdifferentfinfanimalfvsfplantfsources. f sourcesfarefconsideredfhighfqualityforfcompletefproteins. f sourcesfarefconsideredflowerfqualityforfincompletefprotein. Whenftwoforfmorefplantfproteinsfcombine,fthefproteinsfarefcalled f proteins. Afconditionfresultingffromfregularlyfconsumingfinsufficientfamountsfoffpro-

10 EERf=f3086.7fcalories

  1. 1.fThefdistributionfofffatfinfthefbodyfisfimportant.fMalesfoftenfhavefanfapplef shap e,foftenfreferredftofas obesity.
  2. Femalesfhavefafpearfshapefoftenfreferredftofas obesity.
  3. Thefshapefthatfhasfthefhighestfhealthfrisksfassociatedfwithfitfisfthe f shape.:f1.fandroid
  4. gynoid
  5. apple
  6. Whichfpersonfisfatfafgreaterfriskfforfhealthfissuesfrelatedftofbeingfover- f weightforfobese? Explainfyourfanswer. JanetfhasfafBMIfoff 24 fandfafwaistftofhipfratiofoff.8.

11 FredfhasfafBMIfoff 25 fandfafwaistftofhipfratiofoff1.0:ffred Thefdesiredfhipftofwaistfratio:f malesf isf<0. femalesf<f0.8. AfBMIfof: 18 - 24.9fisfconsideredfhealthy 25 - 29.9fisfconsideredfoverweightf 30 forf greaterfisfconsideredfobese

  1. Whatftablefcanfbefusedftofdeterminefiffanfindividualfisfinfafhealthyfweightf rang e,fanfoverweightfrangeforfisfconsideredfobese? Wouldfthisftablefbefappropriatefforfafmuscularfindividual?:fBodyfMassfIndexf Table Nofitfwouldfnotfbefappropriate
  2. UsingfthefguidelinesfforfBodyfMassfIndexfsomeonefwithfafbodyfmassfindexf offgr eaterfthanf 30 fwouldfbefconsidered. Measuringfthefheatfproducedfinfafsealedfchamberfcanfbefusedftofdeter- f minefafperson'sfenergyfexpenditure.fThisfmethodfisfcalledff f .:fobesef directfcalorimetry
  3. Naturefandfnurturefbothfplayfafrolefinfdeterminingfourfweight.fMarkfeachf stat ementfasfnatureforfnurture.

13

  1. negative
  2. balance 38.fMatchftheffollowingfbehaviorfmodificationfstrategiesfwithfthefcorrectfstate- f ment. A. CognitivefRestructuring B. ChainfBreaking C. StimulusfControl D. ContingencyfManagement E. SelffMonitoring
  3. f Keepingfaffoodfdiaryfhelpsfyouftrackfcalories.
  4. f Tofavoidfovereatingfatfafpartyfyoufkeepfaflowfcalfdrinkfinfyourfhandsf andfstayfa wayffromftheffood.
  5. f Youfshiftfyourfthoughtsfonffoodffromfallowedfandfnotfallowedftofmoderati on.:f1. E.fSelffMonitoring
  6. f C.fStimulusfControl
  7. f A.fCognitivefRestructuring
  8. Fatfsolublefvitaminsfhavefallftheffollowingfcharacteristicsfexcept: a. Theyfareforganic b. Arefabsorbedfintoftheflymphfsystem c. Allfarefsynthesizedfbyfthefbody d. Arefstoredfinflargefquantities:
  9. 1.fLackfoffthisfvitaminfcanfleadftofricketsfinfchildrenfandfosteoporosisfinf adult

14 s. 2.fXeropthalmiafisfafresultfoffafdeficiencyfof .:f1.fVitaminfD 2.fVitaminfA 41.f1.fVitaminfCfisfimportantfinfthefformationfof .fLikef VitaminfAfandfEfitfworksfasfanfantioxidantfscavengingffreefradicals.

  1. Combining withfgoodfsourcesfoffthisfvitaminfwillfimprovef itsfabsorption.
  2. Afdeficiencyfresultsfinfscurvyfwhichfcanfbefpreventedfbyfconsuming f .fThisfvitaminfisfoftenfmarketedfasfafcurefforfthefcommonf col d.:f1.fcollagen
  3. iron
  4. citrusffruits 42.f1.fAffriendfoffyoursfisfafweightflifter.fHefjustfpurchasedfafsupplementfoff vitaminf B-6.fWhatfarefthefsidefeffectsfoffmegafdosesfoffthisfvitamin? 2.fWhyfwouldfhefconsiderftakingfthis?:f1.fMegadosesfoffB- 6 ffromfsupplements

16 irfbioavailability.

  1. Mineralsfneededfinfamountsf>f 100 fmgfperfdayfarefcalledfmajorfmineralsf whilef thosefneededfinfquantitiesf<f 100 fmgfdailyfare minerals.
  2. Wouldfvitaminsforfmineralsfbefmoreflikelyftofbefdestroyedfduringfthef coo kingfprocess?:f1.fvitaminsfand/orfminerals
  3. trace
  4. Vitamins
  5. Namefthreeffactorsfthatfmayfnegativelyfaffectfironfabsorption:fHighffiberf intakef orfPicafbothfadverselyfaffectsfabsorption.fZincfsupplementsfcanfalsofinterferef withfironfab sorptionfasfwellfasfotherfminerals.
  6. Matchftheffollowingfmineralsftoftheirfdisease/deficiency. a. Iron b. Selenium c. Iodide

17 d. Calcium

  1. f Afparticularftypefoffheartfdisease
  2. f Osteoporosis
  3. f Congenitalfhypothyroidismfinfchildren
  4. f Anemiafresultingffromfaflowfhematocritfandfhemoglobinflevel:f1.fsele- f nium
  5. calcium
  6. iodide
  7. iron 49.fDeterminefthefmaximumfheartfratefandftheftargetfzonefforfaf 55 fyearfold.
  8. Maximumfheartfrateff
  9. Targetfzone to beats/minute:f1.f 165 2.f(220-55=165) (165x.6=f99) (220- 55=165)f(165x.9=149)
  10. Thefprimaryffuelfusedfforfaf 100 fmeterfsprintfwouldfbe a. Fat b. Carbohydrates c. Protein d. Bothfcarbohydratesfandffats:fb.fCarbohydrates
  11. Namefthreefbenefitsfthatfoccurffromfregularfphysicalfactivity.:fincreasedfcar

phocreatinef(PCr)fisfbrokenfdownfintofphosphatefandfcreatineftofformfmorefATP. PCrfcanfmaintainfmusclefcontractionsfforfapproximatelyf 10 fseconds.

    1. canfleadftofseriousfconsequencesfincludingfheatfexhaus- f tion,fcrampsfandfheatstroke.
  2. Forfevery lostfduringfafworkoutf 2 f½ftof 3 fcupsfofffluidfshouldfbefconsumedfduringfthefexerc iseforfafterwards.
  3. Sportsfbeveragesfarefgoodfforfeventsflastingfgreaterfthanf 60 fminutesfandf provi de ,fsodiumfandfpotassiumfwhichfwillfstimulatefthirstfandf makefthefbeverageftast efgood.:f1.fDehydration
  4. pound
  5. carbohydrates
  6. Whichfofftheffollowingfisfnotfcharacteristicfoffdisorderedfeating? a. Usefoffstereoids b. Strivingfforfperfection c. Exercisingfforffitness d. Shapefpreoccupation:fc.fExercisingfforffitness
  7. Whatfisftheftranslationfoffanorexiafnervosafandfbulimia?:fAnorexiafNervosaf tran slatesftofafdenialfoffappetite.fBulimiaftranslatesfasfOxfhunger
  8. Whichfeatingfdisorderfbestfdescribesfthisfscenario? Caitlinfisfextremelyfcompetitivefandfrunsfhurdlesfforfherfcollegefteam.fThisfisf herff reshmanfyearfandfshefhasfnoticedfthatfshefhasfgainedftheffreshmanf 15 f overfthefwi

nter.fWhenfshefandfherfcoachfgetftogetherftheyfdecidefthatfshefmayf needftoflosefaflitt lefweightftofimprovefherfperformance.fShefrestrictsfcaloriesf byfskippingflunch,fdri nkingfdietfcolasfinfplacefoffmilkfandfwatchingfwhatfshef eats.fAtfthefsameftime,fspri ngfpracticefhasfstartedfandfshefmakesfsurefshefisf atftheftrackfforfanfhourfafterfprac ticeftofimprovefherfperformance.fWhatfshef doesn'tfrealizefisfthatfbyfcontinuingfhe rfcurrentfeatingfpatternsfandfexercisef levelfshefmayfactuallyfbefhurtingfherfperfor mancefandfherfhealth. a. Femalefathleteftriad b. AnorexiafNervosa c. BulimiafNervosa d. Bingefeatingfdisorder:fa.fFemalefathleteftriad

  1. Whichfeatingfdisorderfbestfdescribesfthisfscenario? Caitlinfisftryingfoutfforfafschoolfplayfandfdecidesftoflosefaflittlefweight.fAfterf impul sivelyfeating,fshefgoesftofthefbathroomftofpurge.