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PLSC 431/
Intermediate Genetics Final Exam - 2002
"Upon my honor, I have neither given nor received aid in writing this exam."
Name_____________________________________
- For full credit, circle all of the correct answers. (2 pt each)
Mendel introduced which of the following innovations to the field of genetics? a. developed pure lines prior to genetic analysis b. analyzed the inheritance of plants c. counted phenotypes and kept detailed statistical results d. observed unique phenotypes
The most common type of interaction between alleles at a gene is: a. codominance b. epistasis c. dominance d. lethal
Applications of Mendel's first law allow us to predict a. the nature of mutations in specific genes b. the effect of promoter mutations c. dominant, recessive and codominant allelic interactions d. the distribution of alleles among gametes
Applications of Mendel's second law allows us to explain a. PCR and RFLP patterns b. epistatic interactions c. genetic linkage maps d. the inheritance of two genes in an individual
In a segregating population, a DNA marker cosegregates with a gene 98% of the time? What is the distance between the marker and the gene? a. 0.2 cM b. 2 cM c. 20 cM d. 200 cM
If the F 1 s from corresponding reciprocal crosses do not have the same phenotypic expression, what type
of genetic effects may be controlling the phenotype? a. dominant inheritance b. pleiotropy c. maternal inheritance d. maternal effect
Your F 2 generation from a cross of two homozygous individuals segregates in a 15:1 ratio. This
indicates: a. recessive repression b. duplicate genes c. complementary gene action d. epistasis
Speciation within a population is minimized by what factor(s)? a. genetic drift b. migration c. mutation d. selection
For globular trichomes in soybean, V P=200 and h =0.2. From this data, what quantitative genetic parameter can you estimate? a. V G b. V A c. V E d. V GE
Transposons in humans: a. are ancient b. are a minor component of the genome c. exhibit clustering d. are primarily related to retrotransposon elements
The ____ gene distinguishes retrotransposons from cancer-causing retroviruses. a. gag b. onc c. env d. pol
What distinguishes McClintock's Ac/Ds transposable elements and yeast Ty elements? a. mode of replication b. mode of transposition c. mode of transcription d. mode of translation
Of the following statements, which is (are) not a tenet of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection? a. Heritable phenotypic variation must exist within the population. b. Over evolutionary time, evolution occurs by small cumulative changes c. Within a population, the number of offspring produced each generation exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment. d. For speciation to occur, individuals within a population must become reproductively isolated.
A new mutation can be: a. dominant b. recessive c. neutral d. lethal
A repressible systems a. involves the interaction of the repressor and the effector molecule to shut down gene expression b. involves the interaction of the repressor and the effector molecule to turn on gene expression c. is exemplified by the trp operon of E. coli d. is exemplified by the lac operon of E. coli
Which of the following is(are) not required for transcription? a. phenotype b. dominant gene c. cis-acting sequences d. trans acting factors
What conserved sequence is first bound when the RNA polymerase complex is being built? a. GC box b. poly-A tail c. CAAT box d. TATA box
Cis-acting elements are bound by: a. steroids b. RNA polymerase complex c. the TATA box d. trans-acting factors
Which type of molecule(s) can act as a component of a signal transduction pathway. a. kinase b. steroid c. hormone receptor protein d. G-protein
Cancer tumor suppressor genes are generally: a. dominant b. co-dominant c. recessive d. lethal
What pair of molecules are primary factors in the transition between the different stages of the cell cycle? a. glucocorticoid and the glucocortoid receptor b. cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase c. GTP and the Ras protein d. epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor
Phosphorylation is a key event involved in: a. activating membrane receptor kinases b. nuclear breakdown during mitosis c. activating the lac operon d. activating transcription factors
- Draw the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics. Include in your drawing: 1) the molecules involved;
- the names of the different steps; and 3) arrows showing the flow of information from DNA to phenotype. (10 pt)
- Partial diploids for the lac operon genes were constructed in E. coli. Are the following constitutive , repressed , or inducible. (3 pts each)
a. I+^ P+^ O+^ Z+^ Y+^ A+^ ____________________ I+^ P+^ O+^ Z+^ Y+^ A+
b. I+^ P+^ O+^ Z+^ Y+^ A+^ ____________________ IS^ P+^ O+^ Z+^ Y+^ A+
c. IS^ P-^ O+^ Z+^ Y+^ A+^ ____________________ I+^ P+^ OC^ Z+^ Y+^ A+
d. I-^ P+^ O+^ Z+^ Y+^ A+^ ____________________ I-^ P+^ O+^ Z+^ Y+^ A+
e. I+^ P+^ O+^ Z+^ Y+^ A+^ ____________________ I-^ P+^ O+^ Z+^ Y+^ A+
The following essays require complete sentences. If you present a drawing, you must refer to it in your narrative. The length of the essay should correspond to the point value of the question.
- As you are aware, photosynthesis occurs in the chlolroplast organelle. You discover a mutant in the photosynthesis process. Describe experiments you would perform to determine if the mutant is controlled by genes found on the chloroplast or nuclear DNA? Design an experiment that would allow you to distinguish between the two possibilities? Which results would lead you to conclude that the gene is inherited as an organelle gene? As a nuclear gene? (10 pts)
- Parkinson's disease is second only to Alzheimer's disease as a neurodegenrative disease. Scientists used molecular markers to place the gene within a YAC contig and found the gene for alpha-synuclein within this region. They noticed a sequence difference in a mutant allele that, in comparison to the normal allele, was diagnostic by digestion of a PCR product with the Tsp 45I restriction enzyme. They screened a population segregating for the disease by digesting the PCR fragment with the enzyme. The results of the analysis for a portion of two populations are shown in the figure below. Filled symbols represent affected individuals. Numerical identifiers denote the individual of the pedigree immediately above. Why did the researchers using PCR/RFLP approach rather than a simple RFLP analysis? What molecular allele is associated with the disease? How did you make this decision? Is Parkinson's disease a dominant or recessive trait? How did you come to that conclusion? Is there evidence of recombination in this pedigree? How did you come to this conclusion. Provide a possible explanation for any lack of total linkage between the disease and the marker. (30 points)
