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artieries
carry blood from the heart
TERM 2
Elastic atreries
DEFINITION 2
emerge from or close to the heart big not many ex. aorta,
carotid, subclavians, illiac arteries
TERM 3
elastic 2
DEFINITION 3
1. abundance elastic fibers in the tunica media 2. thin walled
relative to the diameter of lumen 3. highly stretchable
(prevents potential ruptures, convension of pulsatile flow of
heart inot a continuous stream)
TERM 4
Systole/ Diastole
DEFINITION 4
systole: contraction diastole: relax
TERM 5
Muscular arteries
DEFINITION 5
( most named arteris; bracial, renal, etc.) 1. no elastic fiber in
tunica media (have elastic laminae) 2. thick wall relative to
diameter of lumen 3. regulate flow of blood to organs of the
body (regulation of the lumen diameter)
Muscular regulation
done by the smooth muscle of the tunica media a. contract:
lumen decreases (vasco-constriction) b. relax: lumen
increases (vasco-dialation)
TERM 7
Capillaries
DEFINITION 7
sight of 02, nutrient exchange with tissues - thin walled=
high transport rates; endothelium layer plus basement
membrane are left
TERM 8
Continuous
DEFINITION 8
no gaps/openings in the wall
TERM 9
fenestrated
DEFINITION 9
have pores/ fenestra in edothelium kidney's filter blood-->
urine small intestine--> nutriet absorption
TERM 10
Sinusoid
DEFINITION 10
Gaps in basement membrane, big pores
motor output
spinal cord/brain--> effectors (muscles,glands)
TERM 17
Somatic nervous system
DEFINITION 17
(external organs) 1. sensory information from skin, muscle,
tendons, ligaments, special senses 2. motor to skeletal
muscles
TERM 18
Autonomic Nervous system
DEFINITION 18
(visceral/internal orgams) 1. sensory from our visceral
organs 2. motor to cardica and smooth muscle glands
TERM 19
Neuroglial cells
DEFINITION 19
support cells
TERM 20
neurons
DEFINITION 20
generate and conduct and transmit ap's
axons
can vary in length and diamter ~1mm-->5 feet diameter
influences conduction velocity. increase diameter, increase
velocity
TERM 22
synapse
DEFINITION 22
neurotransmitters that are stored in the synaptic buton -
released when ap reaches buton -bind to a receptor on
target, generate effect
TERM 23
Neuron classification
DEFINITION 23
1. function a. sensory neurons b. motor neurons c.
interneuron (links sensory and motor neurons most
abundant)
TERM 24
neuron structure
DEFINITION 24
multipolar: most common (all motor neurons and
interneurons) bipolar: rare (sensory neurons in eye, ear,
nasal cavity) unipolar: all other sensory neurons in the body
TERM 25
gray matter
DEFINITION 25
nervous tissue consisting of cell bodies, dendrites,
unmyleinated axons
autonomic effectors
glands, smooth and cardiac muscles
TERM 32
somatic effectors
DEFINITION 32
skeletal muscles
TERM 33
spinal pathways; reflex
arc
DEFINITION 33
generates a reflex (fast automatic and predictable response
ot a stimulus pathway is entirely in spinal cord; does not
involve the brain
TERM 34
spinal tract
DEFINITION 34
bundle of axons in the CNS forms the column of cord
ascending: sensory (to the brain) descending: motor (from
the brain)
TERM 35
brain: overview
DEFINITION 35
higher brain centers-- all excpet brainstem (precessing
centers
sensory-motor integration
receipt of sensory input and generation of motor output, ex.
relex process the incoming information and respond
TERM 37
cerebral pathway
DEFINITION 37
hypothalamus in NOT involved int he pathways thalamus is
purely sensory; ALL sensory input passes through thalamus
except OLFACTION. motor senses go through only the Right
midbrain
TERM 38
cerebellar pathway
DEFINITION 38
regulator of motor output;generation of smooth, precise
motion a. constantly revieving sensory input on out state of
motion via inferior cerebellar peduncle b. compare this with
motor output from cerebrum via the pons throug the middle
cerebellar peduncle c. correct excess motion via the superior
cerebellar peduncle to the midbrain
TERM 39
Cerebrum
DEFINITION 39
-virtually all complex mental activity -sensorimotor
integration: recieve sensory input and generate motor
output; ex. reflex
TERM 40
cerebrum 2
DEFINITION 40
a. sensory areas (collect sensory information from internal
capsule) b. association areas(process sensory input and
decide on appropriate response) c. motor areas (appropriate
motor response is generated)
diffusion
movement of molecules along a concentration gradient (H-->
L) passive process, no work
TERM 47
Inhalation
DEFINITION 47
diaphragm, external intercostals active during quiet
breathing forced: diaphragm, external intercostals,
accessary muscles
TERM 48
exhalation
DEFINITION 48
quiet: passive; elastic recoil, surface tension-->
surfactant(reduces tension, so alveoli doesnt collapse forced:
active; abdominals, internal intercoastals
TERM 49
arterioles
DEFINITION 49
network of small blood vessels that supply blood to the larger
blood vessels
TERM 50
metarteriole
DEFINITION 50
terminal end of an ateriole that tapers toward a capillary
junction
precapillary sphincter
a ring of smooth muscle found at the junction of a
metarteriole and capillary
TERM 52
continuous capillaries
DEFINITION 52
basement membrane: complete intercellular clefts: small
pores: absent
TERM 53
fenestrated
DEFINITION 53
basement membrane: complete intercellular clefts: small
pores: small
TERM 54
Sinusoid
DEFINITION 54
basement membrane: incomplete Intercellular clefts: large
Pores: large
TERM 55
Tunica media
DEFINITION 55
elastic collagen fivers, smooth muscle
astrocytes
maintains the proper chemical environment for the
generation of nerve impulses (ap) by neurons
TERM 62
ependymal cells
DEFINITION 62
this cell lines the ventricles of the braina nd central canal of
the spinal cord and produce CSF
TERM 63
cell found only in the CNS
DEFINITION 63
A. astrocytes b. oligodenrocytes c. microglia d. ependymal
cells
TERM 64
cells found only in the PNS
DEFINITION 64
A. schwann cells b. satellite cells
TERM 65
dura mater
DEFINITION 65
meninge is composed of dense, irregular CT and is the most
superficial of teh three meninges
arachnoid mater
meninge formed from a web like array of primarily collagen
fibers and lies between the other two meninge.
TERM 67
pia mater
DEFINITION 67
meninge is a thin, transparent CT layer that adheres to the
surface of the spinal cord and brain
TERM 68
epidural space
DEFINITION 68
fat and CT-filled space lies between the dura mater and bone
surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
TERM 69
subdueural
DEFINITION 69
fluid filled space between the dura mater and arachnoid
TERM 70
subarachoid space
DEFINITION 70
fluid filled space between the arachnoid and pia mater
anterior
ramus
spinal nerve brancht that serves the muscles and structures
of teh limbs and skin of the later and ventral trunk
TERM 77
rami communicantes
DEFINITION 77
the spinal nerve branch associated with the ANS
TERM 78
posterior
ramus
DEFINITION 78
spinal branch that serves the deep muscles and skin of the
dorsal surface of the trunk
TERM 79
meningeal branch
DEFINITION 79
spinal brancht aht re-enters teh vertebral canal and supplies
the structures of the vertebral column and spinal cord.
TERM 80
plexus
DEFINITION 80
braided network of axons fromt he anterior rami of spinal
nerves.
medulla oblongata: nerves
vestibulocochlear (viii), vagus x, hypoglossal xii,
glassopharyngeal ix, accessory xi
TERM 82
pyramids
DEFINITION 82
white matter bulges ont he anterior side of teh medulla
formed by the largest motor tracts passing through the
brains
TERM 83
medullary rhymicity area
DEFINITION 83
area that adjusts the basic rhythm of breathing
TERM 84
diovascular
center
DEFINITION 84
area that regulates the rate and force of the heartbeat and
the diameter of blood vessels
TERM 85
pons: nerves
DEFINITION 85
trigeminal v, abducens vi, facial vii, vestibulocochlear viii
midbrain: nerves
oculomotor iii, trochlear iv
TERM 92
cerebral cortex
DEFINITION 92
superficial gray matter of teh cerebellum
TERM 93
folia
DEFINITION 93
slender, parallel folds or ridges of the superficial gray matter
TERM 94
arbor vitae
DEFINITION 94
branched, white matter tracts inside the cerebellum
TERM 95
superior cerebellar peduncle
DEFINITION 95
contains axons extending from the cerebellum to the
midbrain and thalamus
inferior cerebellar peduncle
carries sensory information form throughout the body to the
cerebellum
TERM 97
middle cerebellar peduncle
DEFINITION 97
contains axons that carry motor information ffrom the
cerebral cortex to the cerebellum
TERM 98
intermediate mass
DEFINITION 98
a bridge of gray matter that connects the two halves of the
thalamus
TERM 99
internal capsule
DEFINITION 99
thick band of white matter that connects the thalamus to the
cerebral cortex
TERM 100
cerebral cortex
DEFINITION 100
the outer rim or layer of gray matter in the cerebrum
