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Final |/Exam |/NU |/ 664 |/Set |/ 1 |/QUESTIONS |/WITH
|/ANSWERS
ARRN |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Clear |/expectations |/for |/licensures |/accreditation |/certification |/and |/education |/for |/all |/APRNs Standards/scope |/of |/practice |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Licensed |/and |/independent |/practitioners, |/assess, |/diagnosis |/and |/treat |/and |/manage |/acute |/episodic |/and |/chronic |/illnesses. Statutory |/Law |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔States |/have |/a |/duty |/to |/protect |/those |/who |/receive |/nursing |/care Role |/of |/NONPF |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔the |/National |/Organization |/of |/Nurse |/Practitioner |/Faculties. |/This |/is |/the |/only |/organization |/specifically |/dedicated |/to |/promoting |/and |/supporting |/high |/quality |/nurse |/practitioner |/education. |/The |/NONPF |/provides |/ongoing |/support |/to |/NP |/educators |/through |/establishing |/competencies, |/methods |/of |/evaluation, |/and |/strategic |/partnerships. The |/NONPF |/primarily |/concentrates |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔on |/the |/development |/of |/standards |/necessary |/to |/foster |/optimum |/graduate |/educational |/programs. |/This |/network |/continually |/collects |/data |/and
|/utilizes |/expert |/knowledge |/of |/its |/membership |/to |/seminally |/publish |/updated |/curricular |/frameworks Clinical |/interview |/terms, |/techniques, |/and |/goals |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔CC, |/HPI, |/PMH, |/Assessment, |/diagnosis, |/structured |/and |/unstructured. |/MMSE, |/active |/listening. Case |/formulation |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Theoretically |/based |/explanation |/or |/conceptualization |/of |/the |/information |/obtained |/from |/a |/clinical |/assessment |/which |/offers |/a |/hypothesis |/and |/provides |/a |/framework |/of |/treatment. Grief |/process |/and |/treatment |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Kubler |/Ross: |/denial, |/anger, |/bargaining, |/depression, |/and |/acceptance. Instrumental: |/problem |/solving Intuitive |/emotional Risk |/assessment |/(suicide, |/self-harm, |/homicide, |/etc.) |/- |/protective |/and |/risks |/factors |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Highest |/risk |/group- |/white, |/middle-aged |/males Next |/highest- |/aged |/ 85 |/and |/older Screening |/tool- |/Ask |/Suicide-Screening |/Questions |/(ASQ) |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔made |/of |/ 4 |/questions |/to |/ask |/youth |/in |/medical |/settings
Levels |/of |/prevention |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔primary, |/secondary, |/tertiary |/- |/this |/is |/important |/for |/public |/patient |/education/screening/epidemiological |/measures, |/and |/promoting |/health. Neuroanatomy |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔neurotransmitters, |/brain |/plasticity, |/epigenetics, |/major |/areas |/of |/the |/brain |/such |/as |/the |/amygdala, |/prefrontal |/cortex, |/hypothalamus Dopamine |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔responsible |/for |/drive, |/motivation, |/and |/reward, |/inhibition |/of |/prolactin, |/controls |/motor |/(imbalance |/causes |/Parkinson's, |/extapyramidal |/symptoms) Serotonin |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔satisfaction, |/sociality, |/lowers |/anxiety |/and |/impulsivity, |/decreases |/sex |/drive, |/90% |/serotonin |/in |/GI |/tract -Too |/much- |/bleeding, |/GI |/motility, |/nausea
- |/Zofran |/blocks |/serotonin Norepinephrine |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔concentration, |/attention, |/vigilance, |/energy, |/tachycardia, |/HTN, |/glucose |/to |/essential |/organs -Fear |/increases |/NE |/to |/brain, |/epinephrine |/to |/blood -Fight |/or |/flight
Glutamate |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔being |/"on", |/excitatory |/(think |/gluta-MATE |/mating) GABA |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔being |/"off", |/inhibitory, |/relaxation, |/euphoria, |/decreases |/muscle |/activity, |/slows |/breathing, |/decreases |/anxiety |/and |/seizures |/(think |/gabapentin) Acetylcholine |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔bradycardia, |/GI |/motility, |/salivation, |/lacrimation, |/urination, |/sexual |/arousal, |/muscle |/contraction
- |/In |/the |/hippocampus- |/learning, |/memory, |/awakeness, |/attention Histamine |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Hayfever Itching Sleeping Think |/Benedryl |/helps |/with |/theses |/(ANTIhistamine) Limbic |/System |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔· |/emotion
- |/Amygdala · |/Almond |/shape · |/Found |/in |/temporal |/lobe · |/Part |/of |/limbic |/system · |/Processes |/fearful/anxious |/emotions |/and |/positive |/stimuli ·Emotional |/memories
Insomnia Psychomotor |/agitation Fatigue Worthless Decrease |/ability |/to |/concentrate Recurrent |/thought |/of |/death |/Common |/Differentials: |/(DSM-5) |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Manic |/episode |/with |/irritable |/mood |/or |/mixed |/episode Mood |/disorder |/due |/to |/another |/medical |/condition |/Substance/medication-induced |/depressive |/or |/bipolar |/disorder Attention-deficit/hyperactivity |/disorder Adjustment |/disorder |/with |/depressed |/mood Neurotransmitters |/implicated |/in |/mood |/or |/anxiety |/disorders |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Dopamine Serotonin Norepinephrine MDD |/is |/a |/common |/illness |/with |/approximately |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔5% |/of |/the |/U. |/S. |/population |/ages |/ 18 |/and |/older |/in |/a |/given |/year, |/or |/ 15 |/million |/U. |/S. |/adults |/have |/the |/disorder
MDD |/is |/the |/leading |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔cause |/of |/disability |/and |/is |/the |/most |/common |/seen |/in |/primary |/care |/practices. 25% |/of |/women, |/and |/12% |/of |/men |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔are |/at |/risk |/for |/MDD Persistent |/Depressive |/Disorder: |/(Dysthymia) |/Diagnostic |/criteria: |/(DSM-5) |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Depressed |/mood |/for |/most |/of |/the |/day |/for |/at |/least |/ 2 |/years: Depressed |/Mood Poor |/appetite |/or |/overeating Insomnia |/or |/hypersomnia Low |/energy Low |/self-esteem Poor |/concentration Feeling |/of |/hopelessness Common |/Differentials |/of |/Persistent |/Depressive |/Disorder(Dysthymia) |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Major |/Depressive |/Disorder Psychotic |/disorders Depressive |/or |/Bipolar |/related |/disorder |/due |/to |/another |/medical |/condition. |/Substance/medication-induced |/depressive |/or |/bipolar |/disorder
Major |/depressive |/disorder Persistent |/depressive |/disorder Substance/medication-Induced |/Depressive |/Disorder |/Diagnostic |/criteria: |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Prominent |/& |/persistent |/disturbance |/mood History, |/physical |/examination, |/or |/laboratory |/findings Substance |/intoxication |/or |/withdrawal Disturbance |/does |/not |/occur |/exclusively |/during |/the |/course |/of |/delirium Disturbance |/causes |/clinically |/significant |/distress |/or |/impairment |/in |/social, |/occupational |/or |/other |/important |/areas |/of |/functioning Substance/medication-Induced |/Depressive |/Disorder |/Common |/Differentials |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Substance |/intoxication |/and |/withdrawal Primary |/depressive |/disorder Depressive |/disorder |/due |/to |/another |/medical |/condition Cyclothymic |/Disorder |/Diagnostic |/criteria |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Chronic |/fluctuating |/mood |/disorder |/with |/symptoms |/similar |/to |/but |/less |/severe |/than |/Bipolar |/Disorder Numerous |/periods |/of |/hypomanic |/and |/dysthymic |/symptoms
Cyclothymic |/Disorder |/Common |/Differentials |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Similar |/to |/MDD |/and |/BP BP |/disorder Dysthymia Substance |/Abuse Cyclothymic |/disorder |/typically |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔begins |/early |/in |/life |/with |/15% |/to |/50% |/of |/those |/diagnosed |/developing |/BP The |/mean |/age |/of |/onset |/for |/major |/depressive |/disorder |/is |/about |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔ 40 |/years, |/with |/ 50 |/percent |/of |/all |/patients |/having |/an |/onset |/between |/the |/ages |/of |/ 20 |/and |/ 50 |/years. |/Major |/depressive |/disorder |/can |/also |/begin |/in |/childhood |/or |/in |/old |/age. Recent |/epidemiological |/data |/suggest |/that |/the |/incidence |/of |/major |/depressive |/disorder |/may |/be |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔increasing |/among |/people |/younger |/than |/ 20 |/years |/of |/age. |/This |/may |/be |/related |/to |/the |/increased |/use |/of |/alcohol |/and |/drugs |/of |/abuse |/in |/this |/age |/group. Until |/recently, |/the |/monoamine |/neurotransmitters— |/norepinephrine, |/dopamine, |/serotonin, |/and |/histamine |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔were |/the |/main |/focus |/of |/theories |/and |/research |/about |/the |/etiology |/of |/these |/disorders.
The |/identification |/of |/multiple |/serotonin |/receptor |/subtypes |/has |/also |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔increased |/the |/excitement |/within |/the |/research |/community |/about |/the |/development |/of |/even |/more |/specific |/treatments |/for |/depression. SSRIs |/and |/other |/serotonergic |/antidepressants |/are |/effective |/in |/the |/treatment |/of |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔depression, |/other |/data |/indicate |/that |/serotonin |/is |/involved |/in |/the |/pathophysiology |/of |/depression Depletion |/of |/serotonin |/may |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔precipitate |/depression, |/and |/some |/patients |/with |/suicidal |/impulses |/have |/low |/cerebrospinal |/fluid |/(CSF) |/concentrations |/of |/serotonin |/metabolites |/and |/low |/concentrations |/of |/serotonin |/uptake |/sites |/on |/platelets. Although |/norepinephrine |/and |/serotonin |/are |/the |/biogenic |/amines |/most |/often |/associated |/with |/the |/pathophysiology |/of |/depression, |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔dopamine |/has |/also |/been |/theorized |/to |/play |/a |/role. |/The |/data |/suggest |/that |/dopamine |/activity |/may |/be |/reduced |/in |/depression |/and |/increased |/in |/mania Drugs |/that |/reduce |/dopamine |/concentrations—for |/example, |/reserpine |/(Serpasil)— |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔and |/diseases |/that |/reduce |/dopamine |/concentrations |/(e.g., |/Parkinson's |/disease) |/are |/associated |/with |/depressive |/symptoms
Drugs |/that |/increase |/dopamine |/concentrations |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔such |/as |/tyrosine, |/amphetamine, |/and |/bupropion |/(Wellbutrin), |/reduce |/the |/symptoms |/of |/depression Two |/recent |/theories |/about |/dopamine |/and |/depression |/are |/that |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔the |/mesolimbic |/dopamine |/pathway |/may |/be |/dysfunctional |/in |/depression |/and |/that |/the |/dopamine |/D1 |/receptor |/may |/be |/hypoactive |/in |/depression Neurotransmitter |/Disturbances |/Acetylcholine |/(ACh) |/Abnormal |/levels |/of |/choline, |/which |/is |/a |/precursor |/to |/ACh, |/have |/been |/found |/at |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔autopsy |/in |/the |/brains |/of |/some |/depressed |/patients, |/perhaps |/reflecting |/abnormalities |/in |/cell |/phospholipid |/composition Reductions |/of |/GABA |/have |/been |/observed |/in |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔CSF, |/and |/brain |/GABA |/levels |/in |/depression. |/Animal |/studies |/have |/also |/found |/that |/chronic |/stress |/can |/reduce |/and |/eventually |/can |/deplete |/GABA |/levels. |/By |/contrast, |/GABA |/receptors |/are |/upregulated |/by |/antidepressants, |/and |/some |/GABAergic |/medications |/have |/weak |/antidepressant |/effects Serotonin |/syndrome |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Concurrent |/administration |/of |/an |/SSRI |/with |/an |/MAOI, |/Ltryptophan, |/or |/lithium |/(Eskalith) |/can |/raise |/plasma |/serotonin |/concentrations |/to |/toxic |/levels, |/producing |/a |/constellation |/of |/symptoms |/called |/serotonin |/syndrome.
Choice |/of |/antidepressants |/is |/determined |/by |/the |/side |/effect |/profile |/least |/objectionable |/to |/a |/given |/patient's |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔physical |/status, |/temperament, |/and |/lifestyle. Numerous |/classes |/of |/antidepressants |/are |/available, |/many |/with |/different |/mechanisms |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔of |/action, |/represents |/indirect |/evidence |/for |/heterogeneity |/of |/putative |/biochemical |/lesions Although |/the |/first |/antidepressant |/drugs, |/the |/monoamine |/oxidase |/inhibitors |/(MAOIs) |/and |/tricyclic |/antidepressants |/(TCAs), |/are |/still |/in |/use |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔newer |/compounds |/have |/made |/the |/treatment |/of |/depression |/more |/"clinician |/and |/patient |/friendly." Psychosocial |/Therapy |/Three |/types |/of |/short-term |/psychotherapies |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔cognitive |/therapy, |/interpersonal |/therapy, |/and |/behavior |/therapy—have |/been |/studied |/to |/determine |/their |/efficacy |/in |/the |/treatment |/of |/major |/depressive |/disorder Although |/its |/efficacy |/in |/treating |/major |/depressive |/disorder |/is |/not |/as |/well |/researched |/as |/these |/three |/therapies, |/psychoanalytically |/oriented |/psychotherapy |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔has |/long |/been |/used |/for |/depressive |/disorders, |/and |/many |/clinicians |/use |/the |/technique |/as |/their |/primary |/method. What |/differentiates |/the |/three |/short-term |/psychotherapy |/methods |/from |/the |/psychoanalytically |/oriented |/approach |/are |/the |/- |/CORRECT
|/ANSWERS |/✔✔active |/and |/directive |/roles |/of |/the |/therapist, |/the |/directly |/recognizable |/goals, |/and |/the |/end |/points |/for |/short-term |/therapy. ·Obsessive |/and |/compulsive/Anxiety/trauma |/and |/stress |/related |/disorders Diagnostic |/criteria |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Obsessions |/(thoughts) |/or |/Compulsions |/(behaviors) |/or |/both The |/thoughts |/are |/often |/intrusive |/and |/unwanted |/and |/cause |/distress; |/not |/usually |/involving |/real-world |/worries The |/behaviors |/are |/repetitive |/and |/an |/attempt |/to |/suppress |// |/cope |/with |// |/eliminate |/the |/thoughts Time |/consuming Common |/obsessions |/include: |/worries |/about |/contamination, |/repeated |/doubts, |/need |/to |/have |/things |/in |/a |/specific |/order, |/aggressive |/or |/horrific |/thoughts, |/may |/occur |/during |/pregnancy |/as |/intrusive |/thoughts |/about |/baby |/that |/are |/ego-dystonic |/and |/sexual |/imagery · |/Obsessive |/and |/compulsive/Anxiety/trauma |/and |/stress |/related |/disorders |/screening |/tools, |/assessment |/acronyms |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Yale-Brown |/Obsessive-Compulsive |/Scale |/(YBOCS) 10-items 10-15 |/mins |/completion |/time Standard |/instrument |/used |/in |/virtually |/every |/drug |/trial |/and |/can |/be |/used |/to |/monitor |/treatment
|/rates, |/lifetime |/prevalence |/in |/GO |/2-3% |/to |/10% |/of |/outpatients |/in |/clinics OCD |/the |/4th |/most |/common |/d/o Equal |/rates |/in |/adult |/men |// |/women |/w/ |/mean |/age |/of |/onset |/about |/ 20 |/years More |/common |/among |/adolescent |/boys |/than |/girls More |/common |/among |/singles |/than |/married |/ind Less |/often |/among |/blacks |/than |/whites Obsessive |/and |/compulsive/Anxiety/trauma |/and |/stress |/related |/disorders |/onset, |/progression |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Mean |/age |/of |/onset |/about |/ 20 |/years Most |/have |/onset |/before |/age |/25, |/less |/have |/onset |/over |/age |/ 35 |/years Can |/occur |/in |/adol |/and |/childhood |/as |/early |/as |/age |/ 2 |/years High |/comorbidity |/with |/depression |/(about |/67%) Obsessive |/and |/compulsive/Anxiety/trauma |/and |/stress |/related |/disorders |/etiology |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Biological |/factors: |/Serotonin |/more |/likely |/involved |/as |/SSRIs |/more |/effective |/in |/tx; |/NE |/less |/involved |/although |/given |/clonidine's |/efficacy |/NE |/may |/be |/partially |/involved |/as |/clonidine |/lowers |/NE |/amount |/released |/from |/PreS |/neurons. Genetics: |/3-5 |/fold |/higher |/probability |/if |/familial |/link
Obsessive |/and |/compulsive/Anxiety/trauma |/and |/stress |/related |/disorders |/pharmacological |/treatment |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔SSRIs, |/clomipramine, |/and |/if |/needed |/augment |/with |/Depakote, |/lithium, |/tegretol Buspar, |/Effexor, |/pindolol Among |/children, |/sertraline |/+ |/therapy |/more |/effective |/than |/either |/alone CBT |/should |/be |/tried |/prior |/to |/initiation |/of |/meds For |/children: |/FDA |/approved |/(at |/least |/ 6 |/yrs), |/sertraline Fluoxetine |/(at |/least |/7) Fluvoxamine |/(at |/least |/8) Clomipramine |/(at |/least |/10) |/(first |/anti-dep |/studied |/and |/only |/TCA |/FDA |/approved |/for |/tx |/of |/anxiety |/d/os |/in |/children, |/but |/not |/rec |/as |/first |/line |/due |/to |/SE |/profile |/as |/compared |/to |/other |/SSRIs Obsessive |/and |/compulsive/Anxiety/trauma |/and |/stress |/related |/disorders |/therapeutic |/treatment |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Behavior |/therapy, |/exposure, |/desensitization, |/flooding, |/aversion, |/thought |/stopping, |/implosion |/therapy, |/resolving |/underlying |/aggressive |/impulses, |/ECT, |/DBS Serotonin |/syndrome |/- |/CORRECT |/ANSWERS |/✔✔Migraines, |/myoclonus, |/agitation |/and |/confusion |/on |/the |/mild |/side |/to |/hyperthermia, |/seizures, |/coma, |/cardiovascular |/collapse, |/permanent |/hyperthermic |/brain |/damage |/and |/even |/death |/on |/the |/severe |/end
