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Spring 2004 BCHS 3304 Final Exam Review- 1). The TR transition of hemoglobin upon binding of oxygen to the heme has been thoroughly investigated. On a thermodynamic level, this TR transition can be described as (primarily) an enthalpically driven process. Which of the following phenomena in the TR transition of hemoglobin is the likely enthalpic driving force? a). Movement of the heme iron into the plane of the heme upon oxygen binding. b). The binding of oxygen by the distal histidine (E7). c). The exclusion of water from the oxygen-binding pocket. d). The breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the / interfaces. e). The occlusion of the heme pocket by valine (E11). : (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ), the breaking of pre-existing and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the making of new C-terminal salt brid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ges at the / interfaces is the enthalpic d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the riving force for the T R transition in hemoglobin. 2). At a pH more acidic than its isoelectric point, a protein will carry: a). no ionic charge b). a net positive charge c). a net negative charge d). a positive charge equal to the negative charge e). I have no clue, where am I, who are all of these people (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the b), at a pH more acid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ic than its isoelectric point, a protein will carry a net positive charge. 3). Match the following protein with its appropriate characteristic. a). Collagen I). 2 right-handed -helices forming a left-handed b). Chymotrypsin coiled structure (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the c) c). -Keratin II). Left-handed proline helices (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the a) d). RNase A III). oxonium intermediate (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the g) e). Silk Fibroin IV). catalyzes 2 ADP AMP + ATP (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the j) f). Creatine Kinase V).stabilizes collagen structure using ascorbic g). Lysozyme acid (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the h) h). Prolyl Hydroxylase VI). catalytic triad (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the b) i) Carbonic Anhydrase VII). pair of catalytic histidine residues (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ) j). Adenylate Kinase VIII). solubilizes CO 2 as bicarbonate anion (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the i) k). IgG Antibody IX). antiparallel -sheet structure comprised of primarily small, aliphatic residues (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the e) X). maintains the muscle “energy reserve” (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the f) XI). Sandwiched -sheet structure with high-affinity ligand binding loops. (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the k) 4). Which of the following statements accurately describes the nature of a biologically active protein?
a). A biologically active protein is composed of a branching sequence of amphoteric, L-amino acids joined together by resonant amide bonds between neighboring residues, each exhibiting free rotation. b). A biologically active protein is composed of a non-branching sequence of amphipathic, D- amino acids joined together by resonant amide bonds between neighboring residues, with each exhibiting no free rotation. c). A biologically active protein is composed of a non-branching sequence of amphoteric, L-amino acids joined together by resonant amide bonds between neighboring residues, with each exhibiting no free rotation. d). A biologically active protein is composed of a branching sequence of amphipathic, D-amino acids joined together by non-resonant amide bonds between neighboring residues, each exhibiting free rotation. e). A biologically active proteins is composed of a non-branching sequence of amphoteric, L- amino acids joined together by non-resonant amide bonds between neighboring residues, with each exhibiting no free rotation. : (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the c), a biologically active protein is composed), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the of a non-branching sequence of amphoteric, L-amino acid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the joined), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the together by resonant amid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the e bond), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the s between neighboring resid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ues, with each exhibiting no free rotation. 5). Consider the following proteins of the TCA cycle: Protein- Mass (kDa)- pI- Solubility Limit (% Salt)- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase 1,100 8.3 25 Aconitase 15 5.0 35 -ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase 1,080 6.0 27 Succinyl-CoA Thiokinase 357 7.5 20 Fumarase 353 7.3 40 Malate Dehydrogenase 14 7.7 15 Outline a procedure to separate all of the enzymes of the TCA cycle from a crude mitochondrial homogenate, paying specific attention to separating Pyruvate Dehydrogenase from -ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase, Aconitase from Malate Dehydrogenase, and Succinyl-CoA Thiokinase from Fumarase in their native states, using affinity chromatography only as a last resort. : Size exclusion chromatography could), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the easily separate the six enzymes into three groups of two (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the Pyruvate d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ehyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the rogenase and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the -ketoglutarate d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ehyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the rogenase would), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the elute first, Succinyl-CoA thiokinase and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the Fumarase would), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the elute second), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the , and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the Aconitase and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the Malate d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ehyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the rogenase would), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the elute last). After Size exclusion, Ion exchange chromatography could), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the be used), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the to separate Pyruvate d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ehyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the rogenase from -ketoglutarate d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ehyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the rogenase and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the Aconitase from Malate Dehyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the rogenase. Salting In/Salting Out would), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the be need), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ed), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the to separate Succinyl-CoA thiokinase and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the Fumarase. This separation scheme represents only one sequence of separation strategies that could), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the be employed), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ; others are possible. 6). Consider the following Lineweaver-Burk Plot:
a). Dansyl Chloride I). cuts on the C-terminal side of R or K residues if b). Carboxypeptidase A they are not on the N-terminal side of P (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the e) c). Chymotrypsin II). labels the N-terminal residue (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the a, f) d). -mercaptoethanol III). cuts on the C-terminal side of M residues (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the g) e). Trypsin IV). cuts off all C-terminal residues except R, K, P, f). Phenyl Isothiocyanate or residues on the C-terminal side of P (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the b) g). Cyanogen Bromide V). cleaves oxidized disulfide bonds (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ) VI). cuts on the C-terminal side of W, Y, or F residues if they are not on the N-terminal side of P (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the c) 8). 2-phosphoglycate inhibits TIM. In an anaerobic system that is metabolizing glucose as a substrate, which of the following compounds would you expect to increase in concentration rapidly following the addition of 2-phosphoglycate? a). dihydroxyacetone phosphate d). glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate b). 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate e). 2-phosphoglycerate c). phosphoenolpyruvate : (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the a), d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ihyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the roxyacetone phosphate would), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the accumulate rapid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ly with inhibition of TIM. 9). When the pH is 2 units below the pKa of a specific group, the ratio of protonated to deprotonated species in solution is: a). 10:1 in favor of the protonated form b). 100:1 in favor of the deprotonated form c). 1000:1 in favor of the protonated form d). 100:1 in favor of the protonated form e). 10:1 in favor of the deprotonated form (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ), when the pH is 2 units below the pKa of a specific group, the ratio of protonated), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the to d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the eprotonated), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the species in solution is 100:1 in favor of the protonated), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the form. 10). Name the following amino acid and denote its’ absolute configuration: COO-
H C NH 3 +
CH 3
D-alanine. 11). Consider the following hemoglobin fractional saturation profile:
pO 2 (torr) 0 20 40 60 80 YO 2 0 20 40 60 80 100 Curve A Curve B Curve C Curve D a). Which curve represents a person at rest near sea level? Curve A b). Which curve represents a person running a marathon at high altitude? Curve D c). Which curve represents a person resting at high altitude? Curve B d). Which curve represents a person running a marathon near sea level? Curve C e). As the graph shifts to the right, is the p50 value increasing or decreasing? Is the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increasing or decreasing? p50 increasing and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the affinity d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ecreasing. 12). The pitch of an -helix (the length of the helix covered in one complete turn of the helix) is 5.4 Å. What is the length in millimeters of an -helix that is 36 amino acid residues long? a). 5.4 X 10-9^ mm b). 1.94 X 10-5^ mm c). 1.94 X 10-6^ mm d). 5.4 X 10-6^ mm e). none of the above : (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ), 36 resid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ues / 3.6 resid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ues per turn = 10 turns X 5.4 Å per turn = 54 Å = 5.4 X 10- mm.
14). Carbon tracing: a). If the methyl group of pyruvate is labeled with 13 C and can be made to go through glycolysis in reverse (gluconeogenesis), where will the 13 C label end up in the resulting glucose molecule? b). Draw the structure of citrate from the TCA cycle. For each carbon, list its’ origin from either glucose or oxaloacetate. c). What is the fate of oxaloacetate carbons #’s 1 and 4 during the first turn of the citric acid cycle? d). List how many turns of the TCA cycle will be required for glucose carbons #’s 2 and 5 to be lost as CO 2. e). List the reaction(s), and which turn of the TCA cycle oxaloacetate carbon # 3 will be lost as CO 2. : a). Glucose carbons #’s 1 and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 6. b). O ║ C O-^ Glucose carbons #’s 2 & 5 CH 2 Glucose carbons #’s 1 & 6 HO C C=OChiral center = oxaloacetate carbon # Oxaloacetate carbon # H 2 C O-^ Oxaloacetate carbon # C=O Oxaloacetate Carbon # O- c). Oxaloacetate carbon #1 lost at Isocitrate d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ehyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the rogenase (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 3) and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the oxaloacetate carbon #4 lost at - ketoglutarate d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ehyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the rogenase (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 4). d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ). Glucose carbons #’s 2 and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 5 will be lost in the second), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the turn of the TCA cycle (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the at steps 3 and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 4). e). Oxaloacetate carbon #3 will be lost in the second), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the turn of the TCA cycle at reactions 3 and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 4. 15). If the free energy change (G) for a reaction is zero, which of the following is true? a). The entropy change (S) for the reaction is zero. b). The enthalpy change (H) for the reaction is zero. c). The equilibrium constant (ratio) = 1. d). The reaction is not at equilibrium. e). None of the above. : (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the c), the equilibrium constant (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ratio) = 1. 16). Match the following Thermodynamic terms with their appropriate definition/characteristic. a). G I). Independent of the path taken between two states (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the f). b). H II). First law of thermodynamics (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ). c). S III). Endothermic process (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the h). d). U = q-w IV). Amount of energy available to do useful work (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the a). e). van’t Hoff plot V). Dominates the hydrophobic effect (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the c). f). state function VI). Exothermic process (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the g). g). q < 0 VII). Amount of energy in chemical bonds (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the b). h). q > 0 VIII). Experimental graph to measure thermodynamic parameters (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the e).
17). Match the following active site/ligand-binding site residues with their appropriate protein. Note: some choices may be used more than once. a). His F8 I). Hemoglobin (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the a, e, i). b). His 12 II). RNase A (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the b, f). c). Glu 35 III). Chymotrypsin (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the , g, j). d). His 57 IV). Lysozyme (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the c, h) e). Val E f). His 119 g). Ser 195 h). Asp 52 i). His E j). Asp 102 18). Match the following kinetic terms with their appropriate definition/characteristic. a). (k-1 + k 2 )/k 1 I). Diffusion-controlled limit (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the h). b). k2[ET] II). Steady-state assumption (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the e). c). k-1 >> k 2 III). Catalytic constant-k 2 (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the f). d). k-1/k 2 IV). KM (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the a). e). d[ES]/dt = 0 V). Equilibrium assumption (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the c). f). Vmax/[ET] VI). Catalytic efficiency (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the g). g). kcat/KM VII). Vmax (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the b). h). 10^8 -10^9 M-1^ s-1^ VIII). Dissociation constant (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ). 19). What is the [molar] of 70% methane dissolved in 1 liter of water (the density of methane is 0.9 grams / ml)? : (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 1000 ml)(d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 0.9 g/ml) = 900 grams of CH 4 /16 grams / mole = 56.25 M. 56.25 M X 0.7 = 39.4 M 20). You are working in a new laboratory that has not had the time or money to buy appropriate biological buffers, but does have an ample stock of isolated amino acids. Which of the following amino acids could you use as a buffer if you wanted to carry out experiments at pH = 6.85? a). G b). H c). R d). Y e). D : (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the b), H.
a). Is chiral. b). Has no carbon atoms. c). Can be made chiral by changing one group on the prochiral center to something not already present on the prochiral center. d). Can be made chiral by changing one group on the prochiral center to something already present on the prochiral center. e). All of the above. : (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the c), can be mad), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the e chiral by changing one group on the prochiral center to something not alread), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the y present on the prochiral center. 25). An enzyme isolated from E. coli gives a molecular weight of 250,000 Daltons. Upon exposure to SDS-PAGE in the absence of -mercaptoethanol, a single band is seen at 50,000 Daltons. A repeat of the SDS-PAGE gel in the presence of -mercaptoethanol shows two bands, one at 20,000 and one at 30, Daltons. What can you conclude about the makeup of the intact protein? : The intact protein likely consists of 5 heterod), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the imers of 50,000 Daltons associating together via non-covalent interactions, and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the each heterod), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the imer is comprised), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the of two proteins of 20,000 and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 30,000 Daltons held), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the together by d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the isulfid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the e interactions. 26). If a reaction is highly spontaneous at constant temperature and pressure, and there is an increase in the enthalpy for the system, will the reaction have a positive or negative value for the change in entropy and why? : Given G = H -T S; G is negative and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the H is positive, so S must be sufficiently positive to overcome the H and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the make the reaction spontaneous. 27). Match the following amino acids with their corresponding one-letter codes: a). Gly I). H (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the r) b). Ala II). T (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the k) c). Val III). Y (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the n) d). Leu IV). S (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the j) e). Ile V). A (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the b) f). Met VI). C (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the o) g). Pro VII). P (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the g) h). Phe VIII). I (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the e) i). Trp IX). Q (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the m) j). Ser X). R (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the q) k). Thr XI). D (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the s) l). Asn XII). L (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ) m). Gln XIII). W (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the i) n). Tyr XIV). K (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the p) o). Cys XV). M (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the f) p). Lys XVI). E (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the t) q). Arg XVII). N (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the l) r). His XVIII). V (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the c) s). Asp XIX). F (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the h) t). Glu XX). G (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the a) 28). The oxidation of Malate to Oxaloacetate by NAD+^ is still thermodynamically unfavorable for the cell (G’ = + 29.7 kJ mol-1), but the removal of oxaloacetate in the next round of the TCA cycle drives this reaction forward. If a new life form was discovered that catalyzed all the reactions of the TCA cycle, but not in a real cycle, illustrate how the cell could drive this reaction forward using a coupled reaction with
ATP hydrolysis (G’ = -30.5 kJ mol-1). Show both individual reactions and a new net reaction with a new net G’. : Malate + NAD+^ Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+^ ; G **’ = + 29.7 kJ mol-
- H 2 O + ATP** ADP + Pi + H+^ ; G ’ = -30.5 kJ mol-1_______________ Malate + NAD+^ + H20 + ATP Oxaloacetate + NADH + ADP + Pi + 2 H+; G ’ = -0.8 kJ mol- 29). A nonyl-peptide is subjected to individual treatments with the following enzymes/reagents and the fragments are separated using HPLC. The fragments are then subjected to acid hydrolysis and then the amino acid composition of each determined. From the data below, reconstruct the primary sequence of the peptide. I). Complete aid hydrolysis of the intact nonyl-peptide: (T, Y, M, W, P, A, K, R, C) II). One complete cycle of the Edman Degradation: (C) (M, Y, R, P, W, Y, T, K) III). Complete Carboxypeptidase A treatment: (T) (Y) (M) (W, P, K, R, A, C) IV). Complete treatment with Cyanogen Bromide: (T) (W, R, P, K, C, A, M, Y) V). Complete treatment with Trypsin: (K, C, P) (T, M, Y) (A, W, R) VI). Complete Chymotrypsin treatment: (R, Y, A) (K, C, P, W) (T, M) : C-P-K-W-A-R-Y-M-T 30). ________________ is the only enzyme of glycolysis that operates at a diffusion-controlled limit. As such, this enzyme only responds to ________________ in the cell. : Triose Phosphate Isomerase is the only enzyme of glycolysis that operates at a d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the iffusion- controlled), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the limit. As such, this enzyme only respond), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the s to equilibrium pressures/the Law of Mass Action in the cell. 31). Name the enzymes studied that exist as multienzyme complexes, and give the advantages such a state may confer to catalysis. : Pyruvate Dehyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the rogenase Multienzyme Complex and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the -ketoglutarate Dehyd), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the rogenase Multienzyme Complex. The benefits of having multienzyme complexes is that d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the iffusion-d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the istances
groups. What molecule was encountered in our study of metabolism that possesses a different type of group transfer potential, and what class of compounds does it represent? : Acetyl-CoA is a representative of “high-energy” thioester compound), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the s, used), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the to catalyze acyl transfer reactions using a high acyl transfer potential. 38). List the factors that can readily denature protein structure. pH, d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the etergents, temperature, organics, proteolytic enzymes, oxygen, sud), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ing/foaming, chaotropic ions. 39). Despite the fact that the efficiency of glucose utilization drops in glycolysis from 55% to roughly 30% by the removal of oxygen, the flux of metabolites through glycolysis under anaerobic conditions can be as much as 100 times faster in the absence of oxygen when compared to glycolysis in the presence of oxygen. Explain this apparent contradiction. : This is known as the Pasteur effect, where a cell utilizing glycolysis for energy must sacrifice some of the energetic yield), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the of glycolysis in ord), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the er to reoxid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ize NADH to NAD+^ at the expense of pyruvate, while having to rely solely on glycolysis for it’s energetic need), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the s, since the TCA cycle and), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the oxid), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the ative phosphorylation has shut d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the own. 40). Match the following enzyme intermediates with their appropriate enzymes from Glycolysis and the Kreb’s Cycle. Note: Intermediates may be used more than once, and some enzymes have no corresponding intermediate. Enzyme Intermed), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the iate 1). Aldolase Enediol (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 9) 2). Enolase Hydroxyethyl-TPP (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 8, 17) 3). Aconitase cis -Enediolate (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 13) 4). Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Phosphohistidine (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 11, 7) 5). Malate Dehydrogenase Schiff Base (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 1) 6). Hexokinase cis -Aconitate (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 3) 7). Succinyl-CoA Synthetase/Thiokinase Thioester/Thiohemiacetal (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 4) 8). Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Carbanion (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 2, 12) 9). Triose Phosphate Isomerase Citryl-CoA/Enolate (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 18) 10). Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Enol Pyruvate (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 15) 11). Phosphoglycerate Mutase Oxalosuccinate (d), the breaking of pre-existing and making of new C-terminal salt bridges at the 10) 12). Fumarase 13). Phosphoglucose Isomerase 14). Succinate Dehydrogenase 15). Pyruvate Kinase 16). Phosphoglycerate Kinase 17). -Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase 18). Citrate Synthase 19). Phosphofructokinase
