SI Abnormal Psychology
Final Exam Review
Abuse: Maladaptive pattern of recurrent use extending over a period of twelve months
and continuing despite social, occupational, psychological, physical, or safety problems.
Dependence: Maladaptive pattern of use extending over a twelve month period and
characterized by unsuccessful efforts to control use despite knowledge of harmful effects;
taking more of substance than intended; tolerance; or withdrawal.
Intoxication: condition in which a substance affecting the central nervous system has
been ingested and certain maladaptive behaviors or psychological changes, such as
belligerence and impaired judgment and functioning, are evident.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: Enzyme that eliminates low levels of the first breakdown
product of alcohol, acetaldehyde. It is said that women and Asians have lower levels of
aldehyde dehydrogenase resulting in problems metabolizing alcohol.
Powder Cocaine and Crack Rocks
-Powder cocaine is an addictive substance that can be eaten, intravenously
injected, but typically inhaled or snorted.
-Crack Rocks are a purified and more potent form of cocaine produced by
heating cocaine with ether (“freebasing”). Crack is less expensive and more
addictive than powder cocaine.
Effects of Marijuana
-DSM does not technically classify marijuana as a hallucinogen although it shares
many of the same effects as hallucinogens.
*Physiological
-Subjective effects of marijuana include feelings of euphoria, tranquility,
and passivity. Some users report sensory experiences as well as
perceptual distortions. Some may feel anxious or depressed.
*Physical
-Red eyes
-Dry mouth
-Increased heart rate
-Increased hunger
*Cognitive
-Impaired short term memory
-“Vacuous” speech
-Impaired reaction time
-Time perspective is altered
