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MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
In the nitrogen cycle, which of the following steps involves removal of nitrogen from the atmosphere by bacteria? - correct answers Nitrogen Fixation If enough H+ ions are added to pure water to raise the H+ concentration of the solution to ten times higher than the original concentration, what is the resulting OH- concentration of the solution? - correct answers 10 - 8 M Fungi are able to reproduce asexually by creating conidiospores and sporangiospores. Which of the following is an accurate explanation for why it is advantageous that they are also capable of sexual reproduction? - correct answers Offspring from two parents may have variations in form and function that contribute to survival of the species. In a laboratory bacterial cell culture that has been infected by a virus, plaques are areas in which... - correct answers the virus has spread and left behind the remains of dead cells. The sun's energy is delivered as discrete packets that travel as waves and are called - correct answers Photons What is a characteristic of aerobic respiration? - correct answers The process includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
In completing protein synthesis in a prokaryote, what basic message is carried by a specialized codon that has no corresponding tRNA? - correct answers "Terminate here." Microbial drug resistance can be caused by mutations or by introduction of new genes into a population. Which of the following can only be caused by the introduction of new genes into a population? - correct answers new enzymes that inactivate the drug are synthesized Why do the hands, feet, and breasts have more lymphatic vessels for host defense than other areas of the human body? - correct answers They have a high risk for infection due to frequent contact. Penicillin functions as an antimicrobial agent by inhibiting bacterial... - correct answers cell wall synthesis. Which class of eukaryotic microorganisms can be subdivided into groups such as Mastigophora, Sarcodina, Ciliophora, and Apicomplexa? - correct answers Protozoa Genetic material can be excised from one chromosome and directly integrated into another via... - correct answers transposons What immune cell secretes numerous cytokines that help to coordinate the response of other immune cells? - correct answers TH cell
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
Characteristics shared by all cells include - correct answers the presence of cellular fluid, the possession of genetic information, and a membrane serving as a cell boundary. Anything that occupies space and mass is called... - correct answers matter Trees of life illustrate the phylogenetic relationships of all organisms were traditionally based on _____; newer methods for determining phylogeny rely on _____. - correct answers Morphology; nucleic acid sequences Covalent bonds - correct answers result from sharing electrons One nucleotide contains one - correct answers phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrogen base Among the types of microorganisms, the ___. are noncellullar - correct answers viruses Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of ____
- correct answers Bioremediation C6H12O6+C6H12O6---> C12H22O11+H2O - correct answers a dehydration synthesis
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms? - correct answers Taxonomy Which type of medium would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria from a clinic to a laboratory for testing? - correct answers Transport-meduim Which activity is an example of biotechnology? - correct answers Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then boiled and cooled? - correct answers A solid medium Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of... - correct answers repeating monomers A reducing medium contains - correct answers substances that remove oxygen Which of the following parts of a microscope magnifies the specimen to produce a real image of the specimen? - correct answers Objective lens The two major groups of helminths are ___ and the ___ - correct answers roundworm; flatworms
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
You've just isolated a new bacterium in pure culture, and you culture it on a general purpose medium where its cells have a coccobacillus morphology. When you examine the cells after culturing on a variety of differential media, you fine that in some cases, the cells appear as coccobacillus, but in others, they can be filamentous, cocci, or club-shaped. The best explanation for this observation is that.. - correct answers the bacterium is pleomorphic Two functions of bacterial appendages are___ and ___ - correct answers attachment; motility A group of protozoa that are not motile are the... - correct answers Plasmodium sp. During the Gram stain, the appplication of alcohol results in the decolorization of ___ cells - correct answers Gram-negative Lysozyme is most effective against - correct answers gram positive organisms The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called ___ - correct answers sex pili Which of the following does not pertain to helminths? - correct answers Members of the Kingdom Protista
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
The site for ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is the... - correct answers cell membrane The core of every virus particle always contains... - correct answers Either DNA or RNA Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx? - correct answers Movement Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are the infectious proteins called _____ and the infectious RNA strands called _____. - correct answers Prions; viroids Termites are incects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize the enzyme celluse to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a ___ relationship - correct answers Mutualistic Many of the lakes in the United States are suffering from periodic algae are naturally- occurring in the lake, when adjacent farm fields are over-fertilized with diammonium phosphate, the run-off deposits these nutrients in the lake, allowing the algae to grow without limit. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the overgrowth of algae? - correct answers The algae are heterotrophs When it is important to count the number of cells, determine cell size, and differentiate between dead and live cells, a ___ is used - correct answers
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
When enzyme action stops due to a buildup of end product that acts as a regulatory molecule, this control is called - correct answers noncompetitive inhibition The light-harvesting units in the thylakoid membranes are the... - correct answers photosystems Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle yield 10 molecules of NADH per molecule of glucose. How many molecules of ATP will be made from them in the electron transport system?
- correct answers Which of the following metabolic system descriptions is mismatched? - correct answers Convergent- a linear pathway branches into two or more alternative processes Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes because only eukaryotes have... - correct answers histone proteins, chromosomes in a nucleus, several to many chromosomes, elongated, no circular, chromosomes A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called... - correct answers a mutation The DNA of an organism is made up of subunits called... - correct answers nucleotides
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
Which of the following is not true of transposons? - correct answers They are always part of plasmids The transfer of DNA fragments from a dead call to a live, competent recipient cell that results in a changed recipient cell is termed... - correct answers transformation The field of genomics refers to - correct answers the study of an organisms complete genome, including plasmid, mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA Satellite viruses are - correct answers dependent on other viruses for replication When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible thread-like mass called... - correct answers chromatin All of the following pertain to glycolysis except - correct answers it degrades glucose to co2 and h Glycolysis... - correct answers occurs without oxygen, ends with formation of pyruvic acid, occurs during fermentation and involves reduction of NAD You apply the acid-fast method to a patients specimen, in aspirate from the lungs. Microscopic examination reveals a large number of bright pink-red bacillus- shaped bacteria in the smear. Which statement is true? - correct answers the patient has tuberculosis
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
In the cell, energy released by elcetrons is often used to phosphorylate... - correct answers ADP Histones are... - correct answers proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?
- correct answers electron Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering? - correct answers viruses The endosymbiotic theory says that precursor eukaryotic cells acquired cilia by endosymbiosis with a ___ ancestor and others gained photosynthetic ability from endosymbiosis with a ___ ancestor. - correct answers spiral, Cyanobacteria The process of forming glucose from various metabolic intermediates is called... - correct answers gluuconeogenesis The division of microbes termed the Firmicutes have a cell wall type best described as... - correct answers gram- positive All of the following are polysaccharides except... - correct answers sterols in cell membranes.
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
Polysaccharides - correct answers dextran in some bacterial slime layers, agar used to make solid culture media, cells glycocalyx, and cellulose in certain cell walls viral nucleic acid types include which of the following? - correct answers Double- stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, double- stranded RNA, and single-stranded RNA The envelope of enveloped viruses... - correct answers is obtained by viral budding or exocytosis An example of an amphipathic molecule found in living cells is ___ - correct answers Phospholipid The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyzed by the enzyme ___, found in tears and saliva. - correct answers lysozyme DNA polymerase 1 - correct answers removes primers An organism that can use gaseous oxygen in metabolism and has the enzymes to process toxic oxygen products is an... - correct answers aerobe Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow... - correct answers Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from the earths interior
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
select the statement that most accurately reflects the process of a plant material digestion in humans... - correct answers it is a process that is dependent upon enzyme (cellulase) production by gut microbiota The two major groups of helminths are the ___ and the ___ - correct answers roundworms and flatworms Viruses... - correct answers cannot be seen in a light microscope A pure culture contains... - correct answers only one identified species of microorganism Eosin-methylene blue agar, or EMB, is a commonly used bacteriological medium for growing gram negative bacteria from complex environments. It contains two dyes, eosin and methylene blue, as well as the sugar lactose. Eosin is a pH indicator that changes color when the medium is acidic, while methylene blue inhibits the growth of most gram-positive bacteria. If an organism consumes lactose, acid will be produced, causing the bacterial colonies to change color. This medium is... - correct answers differential and selective An organism that can exist in both oxygen and oxygen free environments is a... - correct answers facultative anaerobe Major elements of a microbial cell... - correct answers carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
Sterilization is achieved by - correct answers steam autoclave The method of removing vegetive life forms from living surfaces is termed... - correct answers The most significant cells in graft rejection are... - correct answers cytotoxic T cells The ability of Tc cells to initiate apoptosis in virally-infected cells and cancer cells is dependent on their ability to produce ___ and ___; proteins that punch holes in the target cell membrane. - correct answers perforin; granzyme If you were a bacterial cell, which of the following would be the most beneficial for you to have or be able to make for the survival of your species? - correct answers Endospore Which of these drugs has the most narrow-spectrum activity? - correct answers isoniazid The array of potential antibodies to the variety of possible antigens is amazing. Which statement explains this development? - correct answers recombination of genes coding for the variable regions of immunoglobulins occurs during the developmental stage of lymphocyte production
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
Myocobacterium tuberculosis has traditionally been identified in a patient samples using biochemical tests, and more recently thrrough DNA probe analysis. In vivo testing can be completed using the tuberculin skin test. A more recent test that seems to be surpassing the others is the QuantiFERON-TB gold test. Blood samples are mixed with protein antigens of M. tuberculosis. After 16-24 hours of incubation, the amount of the cytokine interferon produced by the patient's cells is measured. If the patient is infected with M. tuberculosis, their WBCs will release interferon in response to contact with the tuberculosis protein antigens. This test falls under which category of identification tests? - correct answers Immunologic test Antigen presenting cells... - correct answers include dendritic cells. include macrophages. engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic. hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface. Which is the most common resident biota of mouth surfaces? - correct answers Sterptococcus Clavulanic acid inhibits... - correct answers beta-lactamase activity An effective test to determine whether an individual is allergic to a specific substance is to... - correct answers test for levels of IgE specific for the allergen Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen? - correct answers
MICROBIOLOGY WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS [SCORE A]
Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances? - correct answers hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, lactic acid and superoxide anion Genetic markers that distinguish a self cell from a foreign invader are typically... - correct answers proteins or glycoproteins Mannitol salt agar is selective for Staphylococcus aureus because this organism... - correct answers can withstand high slat concentration celluitis... - correct answers is caused by S. aureus or S. pyogenes; causes pain, tenderness, swelling and warmth, lympangitis; may occur with this infection; surgery may be required for treatment What is the only way to prevent non-neonatal conjunctitis? - correct answers good hygiene Which of the following is/are a sign or symptom of meningitis? - correct answers headache, stiff neck, WBC in cerebrospinal fluid, and fever Production of a neurotoxin that binds to target sites on spinal cord neurons responsible for inhibiting skeletal muscle contraction is a characteristic of... - correct answers Clostridium tetani
