1. Paleo-Indians-
The ocean levels dropped due to the formation of ice caps.
The 56 miles between Siberia and Alaska was exposed, it was a land bridge
Beringia-the land between Asia & America- Bering Straits.
Paleo-Indians- nomads & predators, hunted mastodons, woolly mammoths, giant beavers,
giant sloths, bighorn bison & smaller animals.
The corridors through the Rocky Mountains opened, it allowed southward & eastward
migration, reaching the bottom of South America & the east coast of North America.
2. Mound Builders-
Used tobacco for ceremonial functions
Purpose of the Great Serpent Mound in Ohio- elaborate burial sites
75,000 Temple mound builders near Cahokia, Illinois, 85 large temple mounds
The largest Indian built temple mound had a base bigger than the Great Pyramid of Egypt
3. Role of Women in the 5 Nations of Iroquois
Women headed individual family units
Clan leaders were also women
They decided which males would sit on tribal councils
Held the power of removal.
4. Sir Humphrey Gilbert and English colonization of Ireland
England attacked Ireland because their path to America lay through Ireland, the goal was to
gain political control of Ireland and to establish agricultural colonies.
They condemned the Irish as religious heathens because they were Catholic. They fault the
Irish for using the land improperly because the Irish only tilled the soil when they needed
food.
5. Columbus did not set foot on The Untied States of America.
6. Mestizos
Children of Spanish- Indian relations.
Mulattos
Children of Spanish-African relations.
**The lighter the skin the greater the range of privileges. Pure-blooded Spaniards (Peninsulares) were
at the top of society, then creoles (whites born in New Spain).
7. Ideas of John Calvin
God to be both all-powerful & wrathful
Correct moral behavior and outward prosperity-physical and mental as well as material-
represented possible signs of divine favor.
