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Scientific Revolution
a group of scientist brought change to the wester world, which brought Europeans to a new way of viewing the universe and their place in it. TERM 2
Geocentric theory
DEFINITION 2 the universe is seen as a series of concentric spheres with a fixed or motionless earth at its center. TERM 3
Nicholas Copernicus
DEFINITION 3 mathematician who believed his heliocentric theory explained earth more accurately. TERM 4
Heliocentric theory
DEFINITION 4 The planets revolve around the sun and the moon revolved around the earth. TERM 5
Johannes Kepler
DEFINITION 5 found laws of planetary motion.Showed that the orbits around the sun were not circular but elliptical, with the sun at one focus of the ellipse, not at the center.
Galileo Galilei
was the first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by means of a telescope, inaugurating a new age in astronomy. TERM 7
Isaac Newton
DEFINITION 7 demonstrated how one mathematical proven universal law could explain all motion in the universe. TERM 8
Rene Descartes
DEFINITION 8 French philosopher, "I think, therefor I am".The father of modern rationalism. TERM 9
Cartesian dualism
DEFINITION 9 absolute dualism between mind and matter. TERM 10
Enlightenment
DEFINITION 10 movement of intellectuals who were greatly impressed with the accomplishments of the scientific revolution.
Adam Smith
viewed as one of the founders of the modern discipline of economics. Believed individuals should be free to pursue their own economic self-interests. TERM 17
laissez-faire
DEFINITION 17 the state should not intervene in economics, they should leave it alone.Left government only three basic functions. TERM 18
Maria Winklemann
DEFINITION 18 outstanding astronomer who was denied a job because she was female. TERM 19
Mary Wollstonecraft
DEFINITION 19 famous writed who focused on feminism. TERM 20
American Revolution
DEFINITION 20 war for american independance.
Treaty of Paris
signed in 1783, recognized the independence of the American colonies and granted them control over the area from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River. TERM 22
Frederick the Great
DEFINITION 22 enlarged the Prussian army and kept a strict watch over the bureaucracy. He abolished the use of torture except in murder cases and also granted freedom of speech and press. TERM 23
Empress Maria Theresa
DEFINITION 23 made administrative reforms that helped centralize the Austrian Empire. This strengthened the power of the Habsburg state. TERM 24
Joseph
II
DEFINITION 24 believed in the need to sweep away anything standing in the path of reason. He abolished serfdom, abrogated the death penalty, produced drastic religious reforms-complete religious toleration. TERM 25
taille
DEFINITION 25 France's tax.
limited constitutional monarchy
new Legislative Assembly was to make the laws. TERM 32
Jacobins
DEFINITION 32 radical group that wanted complete overthrow of the system. TERM 33
January 21,
DEFINITION 33 King was executed and the destruction of the old regime was complete. TERM 34
Commune
DEFINITION 34 local government in Paris. TERM 35
Committee of Public Safety
DEFINITION 35 executive committee of twelve people to deal with the crisis in France.
Maximilien Robespierre
dominated the committee of Public Safety TERM 37
Reign of Terror
DEFINITION 37 In nine months, 16,000 people were killed under the guillotine. TERM 38
Lyons
DEFINITION 38 The Committee of Public safety decided to make a example of this place because they defied the authority of the National Convention. TERM 39
Saint Domingue
DEFINITION 39 in this place black slaves on the sugar plantation decided to revolt against French plantation owners. TERM 40
Toussaint L'Ouverture
DEFINITION 40 leader of the Hatian Revolt. He seized control of Hispanola.
Borodino
place where russia stopped to fight the french. Victory for the French. TERM 47
Elba
DEFINITION 47 place where Napoleon was sent for exile but escaped. TERM 48
Louis XVIII
DEFINITION 48 burbon monarchy after Napoleon was restored by this person. TERM 49
Saint Helena
DEFINITION 49 island where Napoleon was exiled and died.
