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Download Medical Terms: Renal Failure, Bladder Cancer, Prostate & Thyroid Disorders, Cardiac Issues and more Quizzes Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
Nephrosclerosis
Hardened arteries, decreased blood flow, decreased
perfusion which leads to organ failure. Usually caused by
hypertension. Treatment is the same as for hypertension.
Monitor BP*.
TERM 2
Renal Artery Stenosis
DEFINITION 2
Renal artery narrowing. Usually due to plaque buildup.
Treatment is angioplasty or bypass.
TERM 3
Renal Vein Thrombosis
DEFINITION 3
Blood clot in renal vein. Due to trauma, renal cancer,
aneurysm. Pregnancy and birth control increase risk.
Treatment is anticoagulant therapy. Pt. is at high risk for
pulmonary embolism.
TERM 4
PKD
DEFINITION 4
Most common life threatening genetic disease. Kidneys
filled with cysts that enlarge and destroy surrounding tissue.
TERM 5
Symptoms of PKD
DEFINITION 5
Hypertension, hematuria, heaviness, pain. There are no early
symptoms.
Treatment for
PKD
There is no real treatment. Prevent/treat UTIs, renal failure
treatments, nephrectomy, transplant.
TERM 7
Functions of Kidneys (4)
DEFINITION 7
Filter blood, acid-base balance, renin (blood pressure),
erythropoetin (for blood production), activation of vitamin D
(helps intestines absorb calcium)
TERM 8
Creatinine Normal Lab Value
DEFINITION 8
0.5-1.5 mg/dl. Levels rise when your kidneys can't filter it
out. Not affected by hydration.
TERM 9
BUN Normal Value
DEFINITION 9
10-30 mg/dl. May be off due to hydration status.
TERM 10
Most significant risk factor for renal
carcinoma
DEFINITION 10
Cigarette smoking
Amyloidosis and Kidneys
Protein in the urine. Too much protein in urine can damage
kidney
TERM 17
Lupus and Kidneys
DEFINITION 17
Can cause renal failure...
TERM 18
Scleroderma of Kidney
DEFINITION 18
Hardening and fibrosis of kidneys. Cause kidney failure.
TERM 19
Intravesical Therapy
DEFINITION 19
Used to treat bladder cancer. Chemoterapeutic agents are
instilled directly into the patient's bladder and retained for
about 2 hours.
TERM 20
~Most common cause of acute renal failure
DEFINITION 20
Over the counter meds
Nursing Management for Bladder Cancer
Force fluids, no ETOH (etoh is a bladder irritant), Monitor
urine color (looking for blood), opioids with stool softeners
(straining for bowel movement is not good for bladder).
TERM 22
Acute Renal
Failure
DEFINITION 22
Increased BUN, Creatinine, severely decreased urine output
(oliguria). Protein in the urine
TERM 23
Nursing Management for Acute Renal
Failure
DEFINITION 23
Pulm. edema, hypotension then hypertension, heart failure,
urine output.... Interventions: looking for fluid overload and
hyperkalemia. Help pt. maintain dietary restrictions. Daily
weights, daily BPs.
TERM 24
Insulin and dextrose for hyperkalemia
DEFINITION 24
Insulin causes potassium to go back into the cell, dextrose so
you don't drop their sugar
TERM 25
Sodium Bicarb for hyperkalemia
DEFINITION 25
Corrects acidosis, potassium back into cells
Chronic Renal
Failure
Progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function
TERM 32
Chronic Renal Failure Clinical
Picture
DEFINITION 32
Hypertension, anemia (erythropoetin production),
Cardiovascular disease, Pt. can't metabolize lipids, bone
disease (vit. D related), neuropathy, poor intake of protein
and calories
TERM 33
Chronic Renal Failure
Treatment
DEFINITION 33
Treat symptoms: Hyperkalemia, high blood pressure, bone
disorders, anemias, dislipidemia
TERM 34
"Renal" Diet
DEFINITION 34
Low sodium (2G or less, low potassium, low phosphate, fluid
restrictions
TERM 35
Peritoneal Dialysis
DEFINITION 35
Least common. Requires a catheter through the abdomen.
Warmed solution instilled into abdomen, sits there, and then
drained. Pros: can travel, less dietary restrictions, greater mobility.
Cons: Catheter increases risk of infection, abdominal pain from
fluid, problems draining abdomen, hernias, bleeding, pulmonary
problems, protein loss, must use aseptic technique.
~The client is admitted to ED after gunshot to
abdomen. How would nurse prevent ARF?~
Administer normal saline IV. Preventing and treating shock
with blood and fluid replacement will prevent ARF from
hypoperfusion.
TERM 37
~The client diagnosed with ARF is
experiencing hyperkalemia. Which med will
decrease potassium?~
DEFINITION 37
Regular insulin. Will drive potassium into the cells.
TERM 38
~What is the scientific rationale for metabolic
acidosis in end stage renal disease?~
DEFINITION 38
The kidney cannot excrete increased levels of acid because
the kidneys cannot excrete ammonia or cannot reabsorb
sodium bicarb.
TERM 39
~Which dialysis client should nurse assess
first? Low Hg and Hct, no bruit or thrill,
exhausted and sleeping, did not take HTNS
med~
DEFINITION 39
The patient without a palpable thrill or bruit should be
assessed first.
TERM 40
~What problem would have the highest
priority in pt. with end stage renal disease?~
DEFINITION 40
Excess fluid volume
Acute Renal Failure 4
Phases
1. Initiation: begins at time of insult and continues until s/s
appear. It can last hours to days. 2. Oliguric 3. Diuretic 4.
Recovery
TERM 47
In the early stage of renal insufficiency,
_______ results from the inability of kidneys to
concentrate urine. Most often happens at
_____.
DEFINITION 47
polyuria, night
TERM 48
How much fluid should a pt with CKD take
in?
DEFINITION 48
Urine output plus 600 ml
TERM 49
Kayexalate major side effect
DEFINITION 49
Diarrhea.
TERM 50
Peritonitis
DEFINITION 50
Results from contamination of dailysis tubing. Primary
manifestation: cloudy effluent
Signs and Symptoms of BPH
Decrease in force of urinary stream, urinary frequency,
urgency, dysuria, bladder pain, nocturia, incontinence
TERM 52
Prostatitis
DEFINITION 52
Inflamed prostate
TERM 53
Prostate Cancer
DEFINITION 53
Androgen Dependent
TERM 54
Enlarged Prostate Primary Goal
DEFINITION 54
Restore bladder drainage
TERM 55
Treatment for Enlarged Prostate
DEFINITION 55
Drug therapy, Surgical treatment (TURP) transurethral
resection of prostate
~If a pt. with a TURP complains about pain or
need to urinate what should the nurse do
first?~
Assess the irrigation catheter, irrigate
TERM 62
~What does an elevated PSA indicate?~
DEFINITION 62
Several different causes. Urinary retention, BPH, prostate
cancer, prostate infarct
TERM 63
Side Effect of Proscar (Used to treat BPH)
DEFINITION 63
Decreased libido
TERM 64
Growth Hormone is produced by _____ _____.
DEFINITION 64
Anterior Pituitary
TERM 65
Symptoms of Growth Hormone Excess
DEFINITION 65
Arthritis, change in physical appearance, voice changes,
airway issues
Treatment of Growth Hormone Excess
Pituitary tumor removal
TERM 67
Post Op Care for Post-op Pituitary Removal
DEFINITION 67
Do not cough, HOB up to relieve pressure from site, Do not
brush teeth for 10 days (does not mean no oral care),
monitor pupil response (unequal or sluggish may indicate
swelling), nasal drainage (could be cerebral spinal fluid)
TERM 68
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
DEFINITION 68
Causes reabsorption of water in kidney tubules
TERM 69
SIADH
DEFINITION 69
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone. Increase in
ADH, increased reabsorption of water, increased fluid
volume, hyponatermia and decreased osmolality
TERM 70
SIADH signs and
symptoms
DEFINITION 70
Muscle cramps, weakness, thirst, doe, fatigue, low uop,
increased weight, vomiting, abdominal cramps, confusion,
lethargy, seizures, coma
Myxedema Coma
Super hypothyroidism
TERM 77
Thryoid Storm
DEFINITION 77
Super Hyperthyroidism
TERM 78
Goiter is caused by ....
DEFINITION 78
Too much TSH.
TERM 79
Treatment for Goiter
DEFINITION 79
Thyroid hormone prevents further enlargement. Surgery.
TERM 80
Grave's Disease
DEFINITION 80
Hyperthyroidism
Symptoms of Thyroid Storm
Fever, rapid heart rate, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, irregular
heart beat, weakness, heart failure, confusion, disorientation
TERM 82
Hyperthyroidism Treatment
DEFINITION 82
Drug therapy: propylthiouracil (antithyroid), Iodine (SSKI), B
Blocker (inderal). Radioactive iodine therapy, Nutritional
therapy (high calorie diet to meet rapid metabolic rate),
Surgical removal
TERM 83
Post-Op Thyroidectomy Care
DEFINITION 83
Oxygen, suction, trach kit at bedside, semi-fowler's position,
assess surgical site for bleeding, assess respiratory effort,
watch for tetany
TERM 84
Hypothyroidism Signs and Symptoms
DEFINITION 84
Slowing of body processes
TERM 85
Treatment of Hypothyroidism
DEFINITION 85
Levothyroxine
Adrenal Cortex Hormones (3)
Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, androgen
TERM 92
Glucocorticoids
DEFINITION 92
Regulate metabolism and increase blood glucose, critical to
physiologic stress response
TERM 93
Mineralocorticoids
DEFINITION 93
Regulate sodium/potassium balance
TERM 94
Androgen
DEFINITION 94
Growth and development in both genders. Sexual activity in
adult women
TERM 95
Cushing Syndrome
DEFINITION 95
Caused by an excess of corticosteroids
Treatment of Cushing Syndrome
Normalize hormone secretion, medication, surgery
TERM 97
Addison's Disease
DEFINITION 97
Adrenal corticosteroids are all decreased.
TERM 98
Addison's Signs and Symptoms
DEFINITION 98
Progressive weakness, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, n/v,
hyperpigmentation, orthostatic hypotension, low na and high
k.
TERM 99
Addisonian Crisis
DEFINITION 99
Life-threatening addisonian crisis caused by sudden sharp
decrease in adrenal hormones.
TERM 100
Treatment for Addison's
DEFINITION 100
Hydrocortisone, IV fluids
