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The questions who, what, why, when, where, how, and how much were introduced as a way to help us evaluate whether a particular type of drug is a problem. TERM 2 Methamphetamine, crack cocaine, "club drugs", and glue sniffing were given as examples of media reports on DEFINITION 2 the "drug du jour". TERM 3 One of the four principles of psychoactive drug use is that DEFINITION 3 drugs, per se, are not good or bad. TERM 4 One of the four principles of psychoactive drugs is that "every drug has _____" DEFINITION 4 multiple effects. TERM 5 In the past 100 years, the introduction of vaccines to prevent diseases and antibiotics to cure some types of infections laid the foundation for DEFINITION 5 our acceptance of medicines as the cornerstone of our health care system.
The U.S. government in the 1800s had few regulations on industry and in general took a "hands-off" approach to government that has been referred to by the term laissez-faire. TERM 7 The text lists three concerns that led to the adoption of the first U.S. laws regulating what we now call controlled substances. Which of these was NOT one of the three? DEFINITION 7 High profits for drug sellers. TERM 8 Which of these substances has consistently been near the top of both the emergency room visits and drug-related deaths lists for the past 20 years? DEFINITION 8 Alcohol-in-combination. TERM 9 When repeated exposure to the same dose of a drug results in a lesser effect, this is called DEFINITION 9 tolerance. TERM 10 The occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome is evidence of DEFINITION 10 physical dependence.
Before the FDA approves an IND for human testing of a new drug the drug has been tested in at least two species of nonhuman animals. TERM 17 From the 1920s to the 1970s, about 1 our of 1,000 Americans was in prison at any point in time. Due largely to changes in drug laws and drug enforcement, that rate has now DEFINITION 17 increased to 5 per 1,000. TERM 18 TRUE OR FALSE The period between 1890 and 1920 in the U.S. was characterized partly by being a low point in race relations. DEFINITION 18 True. TERM 19 The process of maintaining our internal environment (temperature, water balance, etc.) within certain limits is called DEFINITION 19 homeostasis. TERM 20 In addition to to neurons, the brain contains an even larger number of another cell type known as DEFINITION 20 glia.
Drug molecules must be somewhat lipophilic (soluble in oil) in order to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. TERM 22 Natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of morphine and other opium-derived drugs are called DEFINITION 22 endorphins. TERM 23 Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the small space between two neurons called the DEFINITION 23 synapse. TERM 24 Whether the effect of a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory depends on DEFINITION 24 the type of receptor. TERM 25 TRUE OR FALSE The complex branching parts of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called dendrites. DEFINITION 25 True.
Among the psychoactive drugs, alcohol is classified as a(n) depressant. TERM 32 When neither the person taking the drug nor the person evaluating the effects of the drug knows which people are getting the experimental drug and which people are getting the placebo, this procedure is referred to as a(n) DEFINITION 32 double-blind procedure. TERM 33 The threshold on a dose-response curve is the DEFINITION 33 lowest point at which there is an observable effect of the drug. TERM 34 With increasing doses of any useful drug, there is usually an increase in the number and severity of DEFINITION 34 side effects. TERM 35 The blood-brain barrier DEFINITION 35 prevents many drugs from entering the brain.
TRUE OR FALSE Placebo effects are another name for nonspecific effects. false. TERM 37 Cocaine is derived from the ____ plant. DEFINITION 37 erythroxylon coca. TERM 38 The use of cocaine by members of the general public in Europe and North America was initially in the form of DEFINITION 38 drinks, such as coca wine and Coca-Cola. TERM 39 Cocaethylene DEFINITION 39 is formed in the body when cocaine and alcohol are used together. TERM 40 When laboratory animals are given unlimited opportunities to self-administer cocaine injections, DEFINITION 40 they will keep taking it until they die.
About one-third of adult Americans report that they have some trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. As for using hypnotic drugs to help them sleep, most have not taken these drugs at all in the past year. TERM 47 One of the oldest gaseous anesthetics, popularly known as "laughing gas", is DEFINITION 47 nitrous oxide. TERM 48 What household product contains nitrous oxide? DEFINITION 48 Whipped cream dispensers. TERM 49 GHB (gamma hydroxybutyric acid) DEFINITION 49 occurs naturally in the brain. TERM 50 TRUE OR FALSE The primary medical uses for sedative-hypnotics have been to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. DEFINITION 50 True.
TRUE OR FALSE Benzodiazepines replace barbiturates primarily because they were believed to be safer. True. TERM 52 The perspective that symptoms of a mental disorder identify a diagnosis that points to a cause and then a cure is referred to as the DEFINITION 52 medical model. TERM 53 The most recent (2000) version of the American Psychiatric Association's classification system for mental disorders is called the DEFINITION 53 DSM-IV-TR. TERM 54 A major disturbance of intellectual and social functioning in which there is a loss of contact with reality is called DEFINITION 54 psychosis. TERM 55 Both depressed and manic symptoms appear in the general classification of DEFINITION 55 Mood disorders.
When alcohol is formed, other related substances are also formed, called congeners. TERM 62 Although national prohibition did reduce alcohol-related deaths and hospitalizations, it was replaced partly because of the growth of organized crime and partly because DEFINITION 62 of a desire toreducethe income tax. TERM 63 Which of these substances speeds up the absorption of alcohol? DEFINITION 63 Carbonated liquids. TERM 64 The major factor determining individual differences in BAC after drinking alcohol is DEFINITION 64 volume of distribution (mainly body size). TERM 65 In studies relating homicide to alcohol us, DEFINITION 65 about half of all murderers and about half of all murder victims had been drinking.
Growth retardation, small head circumference, small eyes, flattened bridge of the nose, and mental retardation are signs of fetal alcohol syndrome. TERM 67 Tremors, hallucinations, delusions, and seizures are all symptoms associated with DEFINITION 67 alcohol withdrawal syndrome. TERM 68 TRUE OR FALSE National prohibition of alcohol sales in the U.S. from 1920-1933 reduce alcohol-related hospitalizations and deaths, and apparently reduced overall per capita consumption of alcohol. DEFINITION 68 True. TERM 69 TRUE OR FALSE Scientific evidence supports both parts of Shakespeare's 400-ear-old statement concerning alcohol and sex: "It provokes the desire, but it takes away the performance." DEFINITION 69 True. TERM 70 Before we can evaluate the the success of a drug treatment program, we have to understand the program's DEFINITION 70 goals.
Prevention of withdrawal symptoms using medications would be considered part of the ___ process. detoxification. TERM 77 Rapid opioid detoxification is based on DEFINITION 77 anesthetizing users and administering an antagonist, so that withdrawal occurs while they are asleep. TERM 78 Although no medication has yet received FDA approval for treating cannabis dependence, one has shown effectiveness in relieving cannabis withdrawal symptoms. That medication is DEFINITION 78 oral THC. TERM 79 Is treatment for drug dependence effective? DEFINITION 79 Statistically, treatment does reduce crime and increase employment. TERM 80 TRUE OR FALSE The only kinds of medications approved for use in smoking cessation are various forms of nicotine replacement therapy, like nicotine patches and gum. DEFINITION 80 False.
TRUE OR FALSE The most common form of treatment for opioid dependence is rapid opioid detoxification. False. TERM 82 Alcoholic beverages form when yeast acts upon sugars in the process of DEFINITION 82 fermentation. TERM 83 Heating a solution of alcohol and water, then collecting the alcohol vapors and condensing them into a liquid with a higher alcohol content, is called DEFINITION 83 distillation. TERM 84 When alcohol is formed, other related substances are also formed, called DEFINITION 84 congeners. TERM 85 Although national prohibition of alcohol did reduce alcohol-related deaths and hospitalizations, it was repealed partly because of the growth of organized crime and partly because of DEFINITION 85 a desire to reduce the income tax.
