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World Music Final Review THEMES AND CONCEPTS Folk Upbeat Community oriented Social gatherings Passed down through family Oral tradition Informal setting Narrative, story line, message Solo instrument with voice Form-verse and chorus, stanzas Popular Contemporary aspect, theme, sound Fashionable Trendy Often associated with youth Computer generated Full band Electric instruments Commercial, a market for the music Verse and chorus Concert setting-informal Specific radio format Classical Fancy/formal Instrumental o Orchestra-violins, brass, woodwinds Large ensemble Melodic dominance Quartets Formalized Sophisticated Formal training with a teacher Form of music is strict Performance setting-theater Globalization
Speeding up of flows of capital people, goods, images, and ideas across the world Intensification of the links, modes of interaction, and flows that interconnect the world Stretching out of social, cultural, political, and economic practices across frontiers Heightened entanglement of the global and local [ex] Olympic theme song The process of globalization is multi-lineal People customize ideas, values, and lifestyles from the west Politics and Music Political message o Antiwar songs, protest, antiestablishment songs, o National anthems, patriotic songs, political campaigns Used to portray a specific message Provides a mode of expression for individual and collective political action Displays political power, conveying national and official ideologies Meant to be heardmeant to be popular Nationalism o Christmas songs, patriotic songs Migration and Music Diaspora-spread out, rather than being confined to a single geographic location, its people and their traditions are dispersed beyond the boundaries of the region Immigration-the movement of people, moving from one country to another to reside Exile-to be away from ones home (city, state, or country) while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return. It can be a form of punishment INDIA Cultural contact in India’s history-northern (Hindustani) and southern (Karnataka) divisions in Indian classical music o Northern tradition is influenced by Persian/Islamic culture and more improvisational
Bollywood Aesthetics o Dance Large choreographed dance numbers with colorful outfits, based on traditional forms of dance, exaggerated moves and gesture important o Voice Lip sync/play back singers, female-high pitches, nasal, ornamentation, males-mellow, small range, ornamentation o Music Upbeat/catchy pop songs w/ chorus of singers, solo and duet ballads, often verse and refrain form, western and traditional instruments, composers and teams or lyricists o Song Narrative function-tells part of a story, over exaggerated emotions, focus on love, family, tensions o Film watched Bright colorful costumes, plot-line love triangle type (soccer player and girl getting married talk on a bench, later reunite at a party and the married girls husband is jealous of soccer player and soccer player likes the married girl, both couples have issues, married girls husbands father is a pimp) INDONESIA/JAVA Gamelan-refers to a set of instruments unified by their tuning and often by their decorative carving and painting o 4 groupings of instruments Gongs Metal-keyed (xylophone) Drums Chordophones and/or voices o Contexts Related to the performing arts and aspects of life Concerts w/ audience just recent w/ audience intently listening Usually played at social events, guests are served food, don’t have to be quiet during performance Played accompaniment for dance or theater Played at shadow puppet performances o Identity Particularly a bronze set with one or two fine large gongs
Often held in great respect, given a proper name, and given offerings on Thursday evenings (the beginning of the Muslin holy day) Precise tuning, decorative designs, whose instruments would both look and sound out of place in another ensemble o Construction Bronze is the preferred metal for manufacturedurability, rich, sweet sound quality Brass and iron are also usedcheaper and easier to tune Great skill and mystical significance-may assume mythical identity The largest gongs may require a full month of labor and truckload of coal for the forge that heats the metal o Scale Systems Pelog-C,D,Eb,Gb,G,Ab,Ab,C Slendro-C,D,F,G.Bb,C Bubaran “KembangPacaer” pelog pathethem Time cycle, red flower, scale system Gongan-the basic time and melodic unit Balungan-the core melody Cipher notation- includes 2 types of information, pitch and rhythm. Gendhing- a gamelan piece or gamelan composition LATIN AMERICA/CHILE AND BRAZIL Musical Movements o Nueva Cancion A song movement through which people stand up for their own culture-for themselves as a people-in the face of oppression by a totalitarian regime or in the face of cultural imperialism from abroad, notably the United States and Europe. Sought to reproduce authentic, traditional styles, and to use traditional instruments to express their views on contemporary events and issues Fought to defend cultural survival, recognizing that social justice and human rights must be defined and defended within popular culture Salvador Allende-Unity Party-brought together workers, peasants, and students into a mass movement When Allende was overthrown and many of these musicians were imprisoned or remained in excile
The Silk Road-an ancient network of trade that ran from China to Morocco. Traded all kinds of goods, technologies, and cultural values. Takht ensemble-comprises 7 instrumentalists who play the most important instruments in Arab traditional music. Maqam- musical mode or scale. Several described by name Iqa’-rhythmic modes/patterns Qafla-concluding musical statement Taqasim-improvisation Tremolo-fast strumming or picking up and down on a string Trills-oscillations between two adjacent notes Grace note-playing the note above or below very quickly before landing on the main note Ostinato-repeated pattern Qur’an-the word of God, recited and done so according to a system of rules. Religious text of Muslims. Written in Arabic. Zaffah-procession for wedding Zagareet-high pitched trilling cries that proclaim excitement Examples from: reading, lectures, Quartetto Gelato concert, films, Tala Man, in class assignments Listening to Know! India CD 2: Track 20 CD 3: Track 1 Indonesia CD 2: Track 21 CD 3: Track 5- Latin America CD 4: Track 8 Arab World CD 4: Track 18-19 and 22-
