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Firefighter 1 HazMat FINAL EXAM
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Personnel who, in the course of their normal duties, could encounter an emergency involving hazardous materials and weapons of mass destruction (WMD's) and who are expected to recognize the presence of the hazardous materials and WMD's, protect themselves, call for trained personnel, and secure the scene. - ✔✔✔Awareness Level The federal agency that publicizes and enforces rules and regulations that relate to the transportation of many hazardous materials. - ✔✔✔Department Of Transportation (DOT) Federal legislation that requires a business that handles chemicals (depending on the quantity stored) to report storage type, quantity, and storage methods to the fire department and the local emergency planning committee. - ✔✔✔Emergency Planning and Community Right To Know Act Established in 1970, the federal agency that ensures safe manufacturing, use, transportation, and disposal of hazardous substances. - ✔✔✔Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
A substance that, when released, is capable of creating harm to people, the environment, and property. (NFPA 472) - ✔✔✔Hazardous Material Commanders of hazardous materials incidents beyond the operations level. - ✔✔✔Hazardous Materials Branch Director / Group Supervisor (NIMS: Hazardous Materials Branch Director / Group Supervisor) The person who is responsible for directing and coordinating all operations involving hazardous materials and weapons of mass destruction as assigned by the incident commander. (NFPA 472) - ✔✔✔Hazardous Materials Officer The person who is responsible for ensuring the safety of hazardous materials personnel and ensuring that appropriate hazardous materials / weapons of mass destruction practices are followed. - ✔✔✔Hazardous Materials Safety Officer A hazardous materials technician with training in areas such as specialized chemicals, containers, and their uses. - ✔✔✔Hazardous Materials Technician With Specialties Waste that is potentially damaging to the environment or human health due to it toxicity, ignitability, corrosivity, or chemical reactivity or another cause. (NFPA 820) - ✔✔✔Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste operations and emergency response; the OSHA regulation that governs hazardous materials waste sites and response
actions to protect nearby persons, the environment, or property from the effects of the release. (NFPA 472) - ✔✔✔Operations Level Persons who respond to hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction incidents who have received more specialized training than hazardous materials technicians. Most of the training that specialist employees receive is either product or transportation mode specific. - ✔✔✔Specialist Level The liaison between local and state levels that collects and disseminates information relating to hazardous materials. The SERC involves agencies such as the fire service, police services, and elected officials. - ✔✔✔State Emergency Response Commission. (SERC) One of the first federal laws to affect how fire departments respond in a hazardous material emergency. - ✔✔✔Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Any occupancy type or facility that presents a high potential for loss of life or serious impact to the community resulting from fire, explosion, or chemical release. - ✔✔✔Target Hazard Persons who respond to hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction incidents and are allowed to enter heavily contaminated areas using the highest levels of protection. This is the most aggressive level of training as identified in NFPA 472. - ✔✔✔Technician Level
Acids have pH values less than what? - ✔✔✔ 7 Bases have pH values greater than what? - ✔✔✔ 7 Generally, substances with pH values of 2.5 and lower and 12.5 and higher are considered to be what? - ✔✔✔Strong The amount of radiation absorbed by the body has a direct relationship to what? - ✔✔✔The degree of damage done The amount of exposure time ultimately determines what? - ✔✔✔The extent of the injury Firefighters can protect themselves from alpha particle exposure by wearing what? - ✔✔✔HEPA filters Firefighters can protect themselves from beta particle exposure by wearing what? - ✔✔✔Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) The residue from a chemical is what? - ✔✔✔Contamination Secondary contamination occurs when? - ✔✔✔A person or object transfers the contamination to another person or object by direct contact. To prevent this, decontamination is necessary.
Injury and death caused by the intentional release of toxic industrial chemicals, nerve agents, vesicants, poisons, or other chemicals. - ✔✔✔Chemical Illness and death resulting from biohazards such as anthrax, plague, and smallpox; hazards posed by bloodborne pathogens. - ✔✔✔Etiological Property damage and injury caused by explosion, falling debris, shrapnel, firearms, explosives, and ships, trips, and falls. - ✔✔✔Mechanical The mental harm from being potentially exposed to, contaminated by, and even just being in close proximity to an incident of this nature. - ✔✔✔Psychogenic The signs and symptoms of nerve agent exposure can be remembered through what mnemonic? - ✔✔✔SLUDGEM What do the letters in SLUDGEM stand for? - ✔✔✔S: Salivation L: Lachrymation (tearing) U: Urination D: Defecation G: Gastric Disturbance E: Emesis (vomiting) M: Miosis (constriction of the pupil)
Blister agents include what? - ✔✔✔Sulfur Mustard and Lewisite The four ways that chemicals enter the body are what? - ✔✔✔Inhalation (through the lungs), Absorption (by permeating the skin), Ingestion (by the gastrointestinal tract), Injection (through cuts or other breaches in the skin) Acute health effects occur when? - ✔✔✔Only after relatively short exposure periods The process by which hazardous materials travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream. - ✔✔✔Absorption A material with a pH value less than 7 - ✔✔✔Acid A health problem caused by relatively short exposure periods to harmful substance that produces observable conditions such as eye irritation, coughing, dizziness, and skin burns. - ✔✔✔Acute Health Effect A positively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials, identical to the nucleus of a helium atom. (NFPA 801, Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials). - ✔✔✔Alpha Particle
A yellowish gas that is about 2.5 times heavier than air and slightly water soluble. - ✔✔✔Chlorine What type of agent is Chlorine? - ✔✔✔Choking Agent A chemical designed to inhibit breathing and typically intended to incapacitate rather than kill. - ✔✔✔Choking Agent A health problem occurring after a long term exposure to a substance. - ✔✔✔Chronic Health Hazard The process of transferring a hazardous material from its source to people, animals, the environment, or equipment, all of which can act as carriers for the material. - ✔✔✔Contamination A chemical capable of causing convulsions or seizures when absorbed by the body. - ✔✔✔Convulsant The ability of a material to cause damage (on contact) to skin, eyes, or other parts of the body. - ✔✔✔Corrosivity The ratio of the volume of foam in its aerated state to the original volume of nonaerated foam solution. (NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus) - ✔✔✔Expansion Ratio
The process by which people, animals, the environment, and equipment are subjected to or come into contact with a hazardous material. - ✔✔✔Exposure The lowest temperature at which a liquid will ignite and achieve sustained burning when exposed to a test flame in accordance with ASTM D 92, Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup. (NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response) - ✔✔✔Fire Point The range of concentrations between the lower and upper flammable limits. (NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting) - ✔✔✔Flammable Range A concentration of constituents in air that exceeds 10 percent of its lower flammable limits (LFL). (NFPA 115, Standard for Laser Fire Protection) - ✔✔✔Flammable Vapor The minimum temperature at which a liquid emits vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid, with the container as specified by appropriate test procedures and apparatus. (NFPA 122, Standard for Fire Prevention and Control in Metal/Nonmetal Mining and Metal Mineral Processing Facilities. - ✔✔✔Flash Point
Exposure to a hazardous material by it entering cuts or other breaches in the skin. - ✔✔✔Injection Radiation of sufficient energy to alter the atomic structure of materials or cells with which it interacts, including electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays, and microwaves and particulate radiation such as alpha and beta particles. (NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor Protective Ensembles for Hazardous Materials Emergencies) - ✔✔✔Ionizing Radiation A substance such as mace that can be dispersed to incapacitate a person or groups of people briefly. - ✔✔✔Irritant A blister forming agent that is an oily, colorless to dark brown liquid with an odor of geraniums. - ✔✔✔Lewisite The minimum concentration of combustible vapor or combustible gas in a mixture of the vapor or gas and gaseous oxidant above which propagation of flame will occur on contact is with an ignition source. (NFPA 115) - ✔✔✔Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) A toxic substance that attacks the central nervous system in humans.
- ✔✔✔Nerve Agent A penetrating particle found in the nucleus of the atom that is removed through nuclear fusion or fission. - ✔✔✔Neutron
Although neutrons are not radioactive, can exposure to neutrons still create radiation? - ✔✔✔Yes A measure of the acidity or basic nature of a material; more technically, an expression of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the substance. - ✔✔✔pH A transformation in which a material changes its state of matter for instance, from a liquid to a solid. - ✔✔✔Physical Change Fluid buildup in the lungs. - ✔✔✔Pulmonary Edema The emission and propagation of energy through matter or space by means of electromagnetic disturbances that display both wave like and particle like behavior. (NFPA 801) - ✔✔✔Radiation An atom that has unequal numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and that emits radioactivity. - ✔✔✔Radioactive Isotope The spontaneous decay or disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus accompanied by the emission of radiation. (NFPA 801) - ✔✔✔Radioactivity A nerve agent that when dispersed sends droplets in the air that when inhaled harm intended victims. - ✔✔✔Sarin
A hazardous chemical compound that is released when a material decomposes under heat. - ✔✔✔Toxic Product Of Combustion An acronym to help remember the effects and potential exposures to a hazardous materials incident: thermal, radiation, asphyxiant, chemical, etiologic, mechanical, and psychogenic. - ✔✔✔TRACEMP The highest concentration of a combustible substance in a gaseous oxidizer that will propagate a flame. (NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting) - ✔✔✔Upper Flammable Limit (UFL) The gas phase of a substance, particularly of those that are normally liquids or solids at ordinary temperatures. (NFPA 92, Standard for Smoke Control Systems) - ✔✔✔Vapor The weight of an airborne concentration (vapor or gas) as compared to an equal volume of dry air. - ✔✔✔Vapor Density The pressure, measured in pounds per square inch (or kilopascals), absolute (psia), exerted by a liquid, as determined by ASTM D 323, Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method). (NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids) - ✔✔✔Vapor Pressure A nerve agent. - ✔✔✔VX
(1) Any destructive device, such as any explosive, incendiary, or poison gas bomb, grenade, rocket having a propellant charge of more than 4 ounces (113 grams), missile having an explosive or incendiary charge of more than 1/4 ounce (7 grams), mine, or device similar to the above; (2) Any weapon involving toxic or poisonous chemicals; (3) Any weapon involving a disease organism; or (4) Any weapon that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to human life. (NFPA 472, Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents) - ✔✔✔Weapons Of Mass Destruction (WMD) Shipping papers on an airplane. - ✔✔✔Air Bill Shipping papers for roads and highways. - ✔✔✔Bill Of Lading Large volume containers that have an internal volume greater than 119 gallons (450 liters) for liquids and greater than 882 pounds ( kilograms) for solids and a capacity of greater than 882 pounds ( kilograms) for gases. - ✔✔✔Bulk Storage Containers One or more small openings in closed head drums. - ✔✔✔Bungs Glass, plastic, or steel containers, ranging in volume from 5 to 15 gallons (19 to 57 liters). - ✔✔✔Carboys
Barrel like containers built to DOT Specification 5P (1A1). - ✔✔✔Drums Tanks designed to carry dry bulk goods such as powders, pellets, fertilizers, or grain; they are generally V shaped with rounded sides that funnel toward the bottom. - ✔✔✔Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks A reference book, written in plain language, to guide emergency responders in their initial actions at the incident scene. (NFPA 472) - ✔✔✔Emergency Response Guide Book (ERG) Shipping papers for roads and highways - ✔✔✔Freight Bills A substance that, when released, is capable of creating harm to people, the environment, and property. (NFPA 472) - ✔✔✔Hazardous Material A color coded marking system by which employers give their personnel the necessary information to work safely around chemicals. - ✔✔✔Hazardous Materials Information System (HMIS) Bulk containers that can be shipped by all modes of transportation; air, sea, or land. - ✔✔✔Intermodal Tanks
Smaller versions (4 inch [10 centimeters] diamond shaped markings) of placards, placed on four sides of individual boxes and smaller packages. - ✔✔✔Labels What is a MC-306/DOT 406? - ✔✔✔Flammable Liquid Tanker What is a MC-307/DOT 407? - ✔✔✔Chemical Hauler What is a MC-312/DOT 412? - ✔✔✔Corrosives Tanker What is a MC-331? - ✔✔✔Pressure Cargo Tanker What is a MC-338? - ✔✔✔Cryogenics Tanker An agency maintained and staffed by the U.S. Coast Guard; it should always be notified if any spilled material could possibly enter a navigable waterway. - ✔✔✔National Response Center (NRC) A hazardous materials marking system designed for fixed facility use.
- ✔✔✔NFPA 704 Hazard Identification System Containers other than bulk storage containers. - ✔✔✔Nonbulk Storage Vessels
