First aid self-teach workbook, Lecture notes of Communication

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First aid self-teach

workbook

Participant name:

eDofE ID:

DofE level:

Start date:

The Duke of Edinburgh’s Award

(DofE) and St John Ambulance

A workbook for using first aid from St John Ambulance for your DofE skill

section.

Thank you for choosing the very important skill of first aid for your DofE award. St John

Ambulance teaches people first aid so they can be the difference between life and death and that includes you.

By choosing to learn first aid you are not only developing a new talent but you will also

boost your self-esteem, develop practical and social skills and learn how to set and rise to a challenge. If this isn’t enough, it should also be good fun too!

The DofE first aid self-teach workbook will give you everything you need to learn lifesaving skills at your own pace as part of your DofE award. You will find suggested activities,

worksheets and case studies in this workbook which will enable you to put together your own personalised schedule of activity, to help meet the aim(s) of your DofE section.

Timescales

Each activity should last on average one hour per week for the minimum times suggested

below. This pack is specifically designed for the Bronze award, lasting three months, however this can be extended to meet the below timelines for the Silver and Gold awards.

Level Minimum time Notes Bronze 3 to 6 months You need to do one of your Volunteering, Physical or Skills sections for six months, the others for three. Silver 6 to 12 months You need to do either the Physical or Skills section for six months, the other for three. If you haven’t achieved your Bronze award you must extend your Volunteering or the longer of your Physical or Skills sections to 12 months. Gold 6 to 18 months You need to do either the Physical or Skills section for 12 months, the other for six. If you haven’t achieved your Silver award you must extend your Volunteering or the longer of your Physical or Skills sections to 18 months.

I will be learning first aid for the skills section of my

DofE award for _____ months.

Activity

The following table provides a programme for a three month DofE Skills section. The

programme you develop should be relevant and appropriate to you and can include many other different activities, providing your programme averages at least one hour per week.

Remember, first aid is a practical skill so the more you physically practice these skills and techniques the better. Completing a first aid course is highly recommended to ensure you

can have supervision from an expert in first aid who can check your skills.

As you go through the programme ensure you are gathering evidence to upload into eDofE. For example, you could upload photos of you: practicing treating a patient; photos

of completed worksheets; write ups of what you have learnt; or certificates etc.

Week 1 Coping in an emergency Keeping safe, emergency calls, communication and casualty care Week 2 Primary survey and management of an unresponsive casualty DR ABC and recovery position Week 3 Introduction to resuscitation Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) & Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Week 4 Minor injuries, bleeding and shock Minor and severe bleeds, abrasions, blisters, splinters and shock Week 5 Bites, stings and allergic reactions Bites and stings and recognition and management of an allergic reaction Week 6 Bone, muscle and joint injuries Fractures, sprains and strains Week 7 Burns and scalds Different types of burns and management of a casualty who has burns or scalds Week 8 Extremes of temperature Understanding exposure to high and low temperatures Week 9 Foreign objects and poisons Exposure to poisons and incidences of foreign objects Week 10 Head injuries and spinal injury Spinal and head injury Week 11 Airway emergencies Asthma and choking Week 12 Chest pain Heart attack and angina attack Week 13 Case studies

Keeping safe, emergency calls, communication and casualty care

1 Fill in the gaps using the following words (each may be used more than once):

help response injured dangers yourself bystanders accident casualty information emergency aid assess

If you come across an emergency situation when someone has had an __________________

or has been __________________, as a first aider you must quickly __________________ the

situation. It is very important to find out what has happened. You must make sure that you

remove any __________________ to the __________________, any __________________ or to

__________________. Never rush straight in to help, as you may make the situation worse if

you do not realise the __________________. For example, many people panic when they see

an accident, run straight into the road and get themselves __________________ by a passing

car. Once you are sure that there is no further danger, you should check the

__________________ from the casualty to decide if they are responsive or not. The

appropriate __________________ should then be applied. Once you have gathered all the

__________________ you need, get __________________.

2 Unscramble the words to find out how to cope in an emergency:

sasses het oatniistu: _________________________________________________________

kaem eht aera esaf: __________________________________________________________

geiv egeenyrmc ida: _________________________________________________________

teg lphe fmor sheotr: ________________________________________________________

Week 1 - Coping in an emergency

4 Imagine that you are a bystander, and you are also a first aider. What would you say

to each of the other people in the picture?

Person 1: ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Person 2: ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Person 3: ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Person 4: _______________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Person 5: ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

5 Why is it important to communicate well in an emergency situation?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

6 What is the number(s) you should dial for emergency help?

________________________________________________________________________________

7 What is the emergency number that can be used throughout the European Union?

________________________________________________________________________________

8 Tick the information that you think you should give when calling for an ambulance.

 Your name.

 The casualty’s name.

 The age of the casualty, if it is known.

 Your telephone number.

 The height of the casualty.

 The number of casualties.

 The type of accident.

 What the casualty is wearing.

 Information about any hazards.

 That you are a first aider.

9 What other important information should you give?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3 Learn how to put an adult in the recovery position by reading the steps and

watching the video on our website: www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid- advice/unresponsive-casualty/how-to-do-the-recovery-position Practise putting a friend or family member into the recovery position. Why not take a

photo to upload to your eDofE profile.

4 Put these statements relating to the recovery position in the correct order.

Pull on their leg while supporting their head. Roll the casualty towards you until they are lying on their side.

Treat any injuries and monitor the casualty’s condition until the ambulance arrives.

Make sure that both of the casualty’s legs are straight.

Dial 999 or 112 for an ambulance, if this has not been done already.

Reopen the airway. Ensure that the hand under their cheek is positioned so that the head remains facing slightly down and towards the floor, and the airway stays open.

Place the arm closest to you at a right angle to the casualty’s body.

Position the upper leg to stop the casualty from rolling on to their front.

Lift their furthest leg from just above the knee and pull it up, keeping their foot flat on the ground. Do not let go of their leg.

Bring the other arm across the casualty’s chest and hold the back of their hand against their cheek on your side. Do not let go of their hand.

Kneel beside the casualty and remove any bulky objects from their pockets. Quickly check for injuries. Remove their glasses.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and Automated External Defibrillator

(AED)

1 Learn how to do CPR on an adult by reading the steps and watching the video on our

website: www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/unresponsive-casualty/how-to-do- cpr-on-an-adult

2 Number the statements to give the correct order for carrying out resuscitation. For

each one, write why it is important.

Give two rescue breaths.

---

Open the airway by tilting the casualty’s head back.

---

Repeat the cycle of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths until the casualty breathes normally, medical help arrives or you are too tired to continue.

---

Give 30 chest compressions.

---

Check for any dangers.

---

Check if the casualty is breathing.

---

Dial 999 or 112 for an ambulance.

---

Gently tap the casualty’s shoulders and give them a command to check if there is a response.

---

Week 3 - Introduction to resuscitation

Minor and severe bleeds, abrasions, blisters, splinters and shock

1 Learn how to treat minor injuries, bleeding and shock by reading the steps and

watching the videos on our website:

• Cuts and grazes: www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/minor-illnesses-and- injuries/cuts-and-grazes
• Blisters: www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/minor-illnesses-and- injuries/blisters
• Nosebleeds: www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/bleeding/nosebleeds
• Severe bleeding: www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/bleeding/severe- bleeding
• Shock: www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/bleeding/shock

Tick the correct answers (more than one answer may be correct):

2 What are the two most important

things we need to do as first aiders to help someone who is bleeding heavily?

 Get them to hospital

 Keep them warm

 Stop the bleeding

 Try to prevent infection entering the body by covering with a clean dressing or other clean material.

3 What is the best way to stop or

slow the bleeding?

 Press very firmly directly on wound

 Put a dressing on the wound

 Raise the injured part (above the casualty’s heart)

 Raise the casualty’s legs. Apply dressing or other clean material

 Put casualty in the recovery position.

4 What do you do if you notice there

is a piece of glass sticking in a wound?

 Pull it out quickly  Leave it in and put a dressing firmly over it  Leave it in and ask the casualty to firmly press on each side of the object, pushing the edges of the wound together.

5 If blood soaks through a dressing

what should you do?

 Take the dressing off and put a clean one on  Keep the injured part raised  Put another dressing on top of the soaked one  Tie a plastic bag over it.

Week 4 - Minor injuries, bleeding & shock

6 If the casualty is in shock, what

signs and symptoms would they show?

 Nausea

 Grey-blue skin

 Shallow breathing

 Weakness

 Thirst.

7 It is common for someone with

severe blood loss to also have which conditions

 Blood poisoning  Haemophilia  Shock  Headache  Asthma.

8 Fill in the gaps to complete the first aid treatment for a wound with an embedded

object.

Put on disposable ___________ , if available. ____________ firmly on either side of the

object to push the _________ of the wound together. Help the casualty to _______ down. If

shock is suspected, ____________ and support the casualty’s ____________. Build up

________________ on either side of the embedded object. Carefully place a dressing over

the object without _______________ on it. Support the injured part with a ____________ or

bandage to _____________________ swelling.

9 When dealing with an amputated limb, what steps can be taken to increase the

chances of it being successfully reattached?

---

---

---

---

3 Learn about severe allergic reactions by reading the information and watching the

video here: www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/severe-allergic-reaction

4 What do we mean by a ’severe allergic reaction’?

---

---

5 What do we mean by a trigger. Name 3 possible triggers of severe allergic reactions

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

6 By what other name is a severe allergic reaction known?

__________________________________________________________________________________

7 Complete the following to describe how you would treat someone who is having a

severe allergic reaction.

If someone is having a severe allergic reaction, immediately dial _______________ or 112

and ask for an ______________________. You should give the operator as much

______________________ as you can about the casualty’s condition. If the casualty is

carrying their medication, help them to use it. The medication is delivered using a piece of

equipment called an ______________________. If the casualty is ______________________,

help them to sit in a comfortable position to ease their breathing; this will most likely

be_______________ up and leaning _______________. The casualty may also need to be

treated for _______________.

Fractures, sprains and strains

1 Learn how to treat bone, muscle and joint injuries by reading the steps and watching

the videos on our website:

• Sprains and strains: www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/bones-and- muscle-injuries/strains-and-sprains
• Fractures (broken bones): www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/bones-and- muscle-injuries/broken-bones-and-fractures
• Dislocated joints: www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/bones-and-muscle- injuries/dislocated-joints

2 List three features of a sprain and a strain

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

3 List three features of a broken bone

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

4 What do each of the following letters stand for when treating a sprain or strain?

R ________________________________________

I ________________________________________

C ________________________________________

E ________________________________________

Week 6 – Bone, muscle and joint injuries

Different types of burns and management of a casualty who has burns or

scalds

1 Learn how to treat minor and severe burns and scalds by reading the steps and

watching the videos on our website:

• Minor burns and scalds - www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/effects-of- heat-and-cold/burns-and-scalds
• Severe burns and scalds - www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/effects-of- heat-and-cold/serious-burns

2 Which of these statements are true and which are false?

True/ False

1

You should always put butter on a burn or scald.

2

Always remove clothing that is sticking to a burn or scald.

3

You can cover a burn or scald with a plastic bag or cling film.

4

You should hold the burned or scalded area under cold running water for at least 10 minutes.

5

You should never pop blisters.

6

It is better to remove any jewellery or watches.

7

Sunburn is not really that dangerous.

Burns are always caused by heat.

Week 7 – Burns and scalds

3 Complete this mind map by adding words or phrases relevant to the treatment of

burns and scalds.

Things that could go

wrong (complications):

Name ways

someone could get

burned or scalded:

Do…

To treat a burn or scald, I would… Do not…

To know if

someone has

been burned or

scalded, I would

look for:

Burns and

Scalds